Grammar of the Macedonian Literary Language

GRAMMAR

of the

MACEDONIAN LITERARY

TAWATTANT

LANUUAUL

by HORACE O.LUNT

A
GRAMMAR

OF THE

MACEDONIAN
LITERARY LANGUAGE

BY
HORACE G. LUNT

SK @P)]E
1932

PREFACE

he

oP

It is the aim of this book to introduce the reader to
Macedonian literary language. The first part consists of a descriptio
of the structure of the sound pattern A the morphological system
of the language, the second, part is made up of typical examples
of Macedonian prose, and the last gives a representative list of
Macedonian words with their English equivalents.

This is the first attempt to present Macedonian entirely in
its own terms. The current school grammar, Maxedouncxa epanaruxa
(1950), by Krume Kepeski, amounts to an adaptation from similar
Bulgarian works, with many quite unnecessary comparative and
historical references. The only extensive treatment of Macedonian
in any other language is the sketch included in R. de Bray’s Guide
to the Slavonic Languages (London, 1950; pp. 248—313). De Bray
took most of his information from Kepeski, and unfortunately
included some of the latter’s misinterpretations. In the Guide,
Macedonian is explained exclusively from the comparative point
of view, within the framework of the whole group of the Slavic

AN MIN dSAGc OVthar published wravize ahaiuit ManndAnnian

1 — = AVA w ley
LA1IP UGHv- AWwULLOS MUNA

WOrksS aOuul awaCCaonian are OfTruy
short articles enumerating the salient features of Macedonian as
compared to the other Slavic languages.

There are, however, several‘ books and monographs about
Macedonian dialects which furnish valuable material for compar-
ative and historical studies. Principle among them are the works
of the French Slavists. Prof. André Mazon has written extensively
on two of the southwest Macedonian dialects. Contes slaves du
Macédoine sud-occidentale (Paris, 1923) treats the dialects in the
Tegion of Hlorina or Lerin, in oe “oe cs ee et
treatise on ihe ee of an prised group of Madani in the
village of BoboStica in Albania. With Prof. André ‘Vaillant, Mazon
edited and published a nineteenth-century text from an area in

VI

vi

Greece which has long been completely hellenized, L’Evangéliaire
de Kulakia, un parler slave du Bas-Vardar (Paris, 1938). The biblio-
graphical and comparative data about all Macedonian dialects given
in this book are particularly important. The Russian scholar
4. Seli8¢ev, writing more from a historical point of view, published
several important studies: Ouepxu no maKxedoncKoll duanexTONOZUU
(Kazan’, 1918), a general description and history of Macedonian
dialects; Maxedoncxue xoduxu XVII u XVIII eexoe (Sofia, 1933),
an analysis of older written materials; and TIonoz u ezo 6bonzapcKoe
nacerenue (Sofia, 1929), which contains a description of a northwest-
ern dialect. The Polish scholar M. Matecki studied and published
materials from the southeasternmost Macedonian dialects, from the
villages of Suho and Visoka, northeast of Salonika. None of these
works is directly concerned with the dialects on which the Mace-
donian literary language is based, although Selistev does touch on
them from time to time. The monograph by the Serbian linguist
Aleksandar Beli¢é, Galitki dijalekat (= Srpski dijalektoloski zbornik,
VII, Srem. Karlovei — Beograd, 1935), analyzes a western Mace-
donian dialect which, although not one-of those from which the
literary language is drawn, nevertheless has many cHaracteristics
in common with them, as for example the accent and the triple
definite article.

There is a mass of literature dealing with the origins of
Macedonian dialects and the question of their relationship to
Serbian or Bulgarian. The majority of this literature is polemic
and hopelessly biased. An excellent summary of the opinions
expressed during the °30’s can be found in Matecki’s article
*Z, zagadnien dialektologii makedonskiej’, Rocznik Slawistyczny,.
(1938), 119—144. 7
None of this literature has been used directly in writing the
present grammar. Some of the contemporary work by Macedonian
linguists has been very important, however. The short monograph
by Blaze Koneski on his native dialect of Prilep, "IIpunencxnor
Tosop’, published in the Toduwen 36opnux of the Skopje University
for 1951 is of great value. It is an analysis of one of the principle
sources of the literary language, written by the leading Macedonian
linguistic scholar, and has influenced my point of view in a number
of respects. The articles in the little journal published by the Seminar
of South Slavic Languages in Skopje, Maxedoncxu Jasux (1950),
have also proved useful. Nearly all of the material for the treatment
.of the accent and the prepositions has come ftom Koneski’s articles
in this journal, and other articles have been used freely, although

uvroerr =e ae Se See ee Saaeves =

in basically modified form. ; ;

Vil

A number of difficulties face anyone who tries to analyze
such a new language. Macedonian, like most literary languages,
contains elements from several regional dialects, and is not identical
with any single dialect. While there is general agreement on the
outlines and the most significant features of the pronunciation,
morphology and syntax, there remains a mass of secondary matters
which have still to be solved.

There is not yet a generation educated solely in Macedonian,
and the influences of the school languages (principally Serbo-
Croatian, and secondarily Bulgarian) are ever present both in speech
and in print. The written norms are now fairly well codified; and
' people who are concerned with culiture write in accordance with
the norms. That is not to say that the daily press, which must print
hurriedly translated news items, achieves a high standard, nor that
the barber or baker who puts a notice in his store window is careful
with his spelling or his grammar. But it does mean that there is
something which can be identified as standard literary’ Macedonian
and contrasted to other things which are not standard.

As a basis for description, I took prose published in the years
1950-51, further restrictmg myself to works coming under the
general heading of belles-lettres. Poetry was excluded because it
admits a plethora of archaisms and dialectisms and abounds in
variant forms not found in prose. Journalistic and most expository .
prose was not included because the writers too often are strongly
_under the influence of their school Serbo-Croatian, and they have
not taken the time to become sufficiently acquainted with the daily
language of the people and with the details of the newly established
norms of the literary language. As arbiter for the quality of any
given work, and for the ,,correctness”.of any form or construction,
I have relied on the judgment of the members of the Seminar
of South Slavic Languages at the Macedonian University in Skopje.
The description is thus to some degree also a prescriptive, normative
grammar, for it ignores usages arbitrarily termed as not-in accord-
ance with the standard. However a complete description of all the
usage found in all prose of the two.years in question would fill
several volumes with variant details and elements from many
different dialects and languages.

In speaking, most Macedonians continue to pronounce accord-
ing to their local dialects, and many individuals retain their native
morphological and syntactical systems. More and more effort is
being made, however, to adopt a pronunciation more in accord with
the written standard, and deviant morphological forms are less and
less in use among intellectuals. As a basis for the description of the
phonemic system, I took the pronunciation. of Blaze Koneski, - poet,
writer, translator, and Professor of the Macedonian Language at

Vil

the University, a native of Prilep. Certain of my observations are
based on the speech of his colleagues in the Seminar of South Slavic
Languages, Prof. Krum ToSev (also a native of Prilep), Assistant
Bozo-Vidoeski (from Poreée, an area north of the Prilep—Bitola—
Kitevo—Veles quadrangle), and Assistant Rada Ugrinova (from
Skopje). Data-from recordings which other speakers made for me
have in every case been checked with these four people.

The grammar is intended to be strictly synchronic. Historical
and comparative remarks are confined to the outline in the Intro-
duction and to occasional footnotes. The description is not complete,
for it does not treat in detail] the adverbs, conjunctions, and particles.
The salient points of syntax are included in the morphology. All the
points treated have been illustrated by examples taken from Mace-
donian prose or from one of the four informants named above.
The examples have all been checked by Macedonians, and are thus
guaranteed to be standard. Any errors in translation are of course
my own fault.

The grammar has been written from a strictly linguistic point
of view, and will therefore be of most interest to the student of
Slavic and general linguistics. I believe, however, that the non-
linguist who is interested in learning Macedonian will find it possible
fo understand the terminology and point of view if he will read
slowly and carefully, and will study the examples in conjunction
with the grammatical statements.

The texts in the second part of the book have been chosen
to illustrate different kinds of prose treating different subjects, and
_at the same time to present a few representative pieces of Mace--
donian literature. It cannot pretend to be an anthology, for the-
selection was made more on the basis of length and of type of
. vocabulary and subject matter than on that of literary value. It was
preferred to present long excerpts which are complete in themselves,
or complete works, rather than many fragments which might
perhaps be more varied, but which would be incomplete. Although
some of the selections were written before 1950, they have been
edited to bring them into line with contemporary usage.

The first three selections are folktales which were collected
and published during the nineteenth century. They illustrate the
type of language. which is considered exemplary for the new lite-
rary language, although certain details are not accepted. In this
book, these texts have been slightly edited, principally in ‘ortho-
graphy, to eliminate the least acceptable regionalisms. For the
benfit of the reader who is interested in comparing this standard
with the orignal dialect form of the stories, I will cite the sources.
Menara od fasonrcka onawxa was recorded in the town of Stip

IX

by A. Kostencev and published in the Bulgarian journal Coopnux
3a napoduu ymoreopenun IX (1893), 155. Maxopor auuja xanyfep
is one of the many folktales recorded by the expert racconteur and
folklorist Marko Cepenkov, a tailor of Prilep, and published in
the same CoOopxurx, VIII (1892), 217. Ceexop, ceexpea u cntaa was
published in the C6Oopnux or 6dnzapcku napodnu yMoTeopenuA,
wacr Bropa, VII, 1 (Sofia, 1892), p. 65, compiled by Kuzman Sapka-
rev, one of the foremost educators in Macedonia in the latter part
of the nineteenth century.

The story of the Good Samaritan was included for the benefit
of those who are interested in comparing this version with other
languages. The same text in many different Slavic languages was
published in Rajko Nahtigal’s book Slovanski jezilet, 2nd edition,
Ljubljana, 1952.

The translation of the Gospel text, and the normalization and
accentuation of the folk texts were done by the author of the next
selection,, Blaze Koneski. He was born in, Prilep in 1921 and
educated in Serbo-Croatian schools. He studied Slavic literatures
at the universities of Belgrade and Sofia. From the first, Koneski
has been active in the codification and standardization of the literary ~
language, and the astonishingly rapid progress of unification is due
in no small degree to his energy and good judgment, to his teachings,
admonitions and example. The excerpts included here comprise
most of the introduction to the book Maxedonucxara nutreparypa
go 19 eex, which includes an anthology of nineteenth century
Macedonian literature. They are excellent examples of Macedonian
expository prose, and give some details about the history of Mace-
donian culture.

In this and other texts, omissions are indicated by (...).

The play Bezanka was first written in the dialect of Kumanovo,
and was produced in Skopje in 1928. Its author, Vasil Il’oski, was
born in Krugevo in 1902, but grew up and was educated in Bulgarian
and Serbian ‘schools in Kumanovo. He is at present Professor in
the Normal School in Skopje. Bezanxa was rewritten in the new
standard language, and published in 1951. The excerpts included
here were selected and edited, with Il’oski’s aid and approval, to
present the main plot in as short a form as possible. The dialogue
is typical of colloquial Macedonian, except that it contains a rela-
‘tively large percentage of words of Turkish origin, which gives it a~
somewhat old-fashioned flavor.

The Youth of Frosina is one of the best short stories in Mace-
donian to date. It appeared first in the now defunct literary maga-
zine Hog Jlex (VI, 8—10, 1950, pp. 21—30). The author, Vlado
Maleski, known by his war-time pseudonym ‘Tale’, was born in
Struga in 1919; and educated in Albanian schools in Scutari and

X

Serbo-Croatian schools in Struga. He has been active in Macedonian
cultural life and is at present cultutal editor of the daily newspaper

a e 7 . e e
Hosa Maxedonuia. This story was incorporated into the scenario
° oe v¥ au

SLYOW SWI UY Fe ye ws Ow 444004 PS UL-L4 2440 bli was

which Maleski wrote for the first Macedonian film, Frosina, which
had its premier on June 31, 1952. It treats one of the central themes
of Macedonian literature, the difficulties of the life of the peéalbar,
the worker who is forced to go away from home to seek employ-
ment, and of the hard lot of the wife and children he leaves behind.

A Street (1951) is to date the longest story in Macedonian,
which has yet to produce a novel. The author, Slavko Janevski,
was born in Skopje in 1920, and he attended school there. He is
one of the leading poets, and only recently has turned to prose.
Yuuua is unusual in its treatment of life in Yugoslavia between
the two wars—most Macedonian prose deals either with an older
period or with the Second World War and the subsequent events.

The three selections by Jovan BoSkovski all appeared in the
first published volume of Macedonian short stories, A Shot
(Pacrper), which came out in 1946. They have been edited by the
author to conform with the present-day standard language.
Boskovski was born in Skopje in 1920 and educated there. He has
written a number of short stories, of which these are typical.
At present he is a writer and director with the Macedonian film
company, Vardar-Film.

Ciéko Alekso is the only publishéd story of the young writer

Dimée Markovski. He was born in Prilep in 1923 and educated in
Serbo-Croatian and Bulgarian schools. The story was originally
published in the short-lived literary magazine Idnina (II-6, 1950,
pp. 45—55), which ceased publication in 1950. The language has
been slightly revised by B. Koneski (principally to eliminate
Serbisms), and the punctuation, which was completely chaotic,
has been changed to conform.to American usage (not Macedonian
standards, particularly with regard, to the use of quotation marks).
The theme of the Partisan Movement, guerilla warfare, and the life
of underground workers is central in Macedonian literature, and
this story is typical of many others, by various authors.
- It may be noted, parenthetically, that the punctuation found
in Macedonian publications is extremely varied. Some authors hold
to the German and Russian type of punctuation by hard and fast
rules, while others follow the looser sort of system used by. the
French and English. And all are dependent on the whim of the
printer, who frequently imposes a few ideas of his own. The use
of the comma and the means for indicating direct quotation are
subject to the most fluctuation.

The vocabulary is made up first of the words in the reading
selections and those discussed in the grammar. It includes, further,

XI

most of the words from the spelling dictionary.in the Maxedoncxu
npasonuc, and from the vocabulary compiled by Koneski for the
Serbian and Croatian readers of the AnTonozuja na maxedoncKa
noe3uja (Belgrade, 1951). It also includes a number of words which
I collected for a discussion of word-formation in Macedonian.
The reader who is acquainted with the general Slavic habits of
word-formation will find interesting material here. The vocabulary
also contains some of the most important words which appear in
the daily press, and the most frequent abbreviations.

This book is the result of a long-standing interest in Mace-
donian which dates from 1944, when I chanced to see some Mace-
donian news bulletins, a newspaper, and a tiny brochure containing
a translation of a Russian story. It was impossible to get more
materials in 1945, and JI learned nothing more about the néw
language until 1946—47, when I attended the lectures of Prof.
Antonin Frinta, at the Charles University in Prague. This was
probably the first regular course in Macedonian offered by a non-
Yugoslav institution. During the next few years I read the few
Macedonian books which I managed to obtain, and studied the
available works on various Macedonian dialects. In 1950, at a series
of conferences for foreign Slavists conducted at Bled under the
sponsorship of the Yugoslav Ministry of Science and Culture, I heard
the lectures of Prof, Blaze Koneski and Prof. Krum ToSev on the
Macedonian language, and that of Prof. Haralampie Polenakovik
on Macedonian literature. In 1951, thanks to a leave granted me
by the President and Fellows of Harvard University, I was able
to spend three months in Macedonia, working exclusively on the
language. This book represents the fruits of that visit.

oe
t would-never have been possible without the constant ai

of Blaze Koneski. Not only did he furnish printed materials and
help in the control of the Macedonian texts and examples, as indi-
cated above, but he was always willing to spend hours in explaining
grammatical problems, defining words, and furnishing suitable
illustrative examples for various points. It was his initiative which
made possible the printing of this bock in such an astonishingly
short time after the completion of the manuscript. I can only hope
that its appearance will serve in some way as an expression of my
thanks to him.

Professor Krum ToSev, and Assistants Rada Ugrinova and
Bozo Vidoeski also gave much of their time. Miss Ugrinova and
Mr. Vidoeski particularly lightened my burden of mechanical work
by helping to record vocabulary on cards, and by patiently defining
words for me for hours on end. Miss Ugrinova also read the proofs
of the Macedonian texts. J-am deeply grateful to these Macedonian

XII

scholars. My thanks are due also to Assistant Pavle Ivic, of the
Institute for the Serbian Language in Belgrade, for his help in
reading proof.

The grammar owes a great deal to the teachings of my col-
league and friend Prof. Roman Jakobson, of Harvard University.
The general approach to the problems is one which I learned from
him, and his comments on the first eer of the manuscript enabled

tn alarifer mand Af ficu 1+ OiIn T 1A also like +n thank nt
me LU Csariry ilially ULLALECULE v ints. aA, should @Qisov Lint tu Lralin ab

this time Dr. Cornelius van Schooneveld, who read most of the
manuscript and discussed various problems with me. To Prof. Morris
Halle of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology I am grateful
for his many helpful comments, and especially for his advice on
the analysis of the phonemic system. The manuscript would never
have been finished in time had it not been for the unselfish help
given me by Dr. Lawrence G. Jones and Dr. E. Paul Gauthier in
the arduous task of typing the vocabulary. Bob Ellrich and Al Baum
also gave much-needed help in the final preparatiori of the
manuscript.

Finally, I wish to thank the Yugoslav Council for Science and
Culture and the Macedonian Ministry of Education, Science and
Culture for the financial aid which they granted me, thus enabling
me to prolong my stay in Macedonia and study the language more
thoroughly.

Horace G. Lunt

Belgrade, July 21, 1952.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

page
Preface een oie emule eee) Mie 6. et |S eso,e ° o fe eer eo) te et SO ee Ol el” fe ie es el ete: ce V
Table of Contents --:-- os eS Steed ay ec caesium Ce ee XH
ADDrevialiiONSm = © os 8 2 2 = es) = = 9 2 ss © oe ee Sept Naas - XV
(REROUIECEIOIN 5-2 ones ee ee ener ee ici eueeename ee ]
PART ONE — A Grammar of the Macedonian Literary Language ye eG
Chapter I. Phonology and Orthography - Sega)
Phonemics (81) oo Lom Oren IY es) wet ss ese eet cis Mion §
Mor phanhonemics (§1 2) RE Sei ee ee ee fe as - + 14
Ortho raphy (§1.3) Se eee 6 se es eee wae 4 18
Prosodic Features Ve] a eo ale Ms ee = ~ QQ]
Chapter II. Morphology - j ween Gi 2 enc aaunean tres: -2= 26
Introductory ‘Remarks (82), Dee oe te er 26
Substantives (§2. We ee ec a eae a ee or
Gender (§2.11)- - +--+ eee eee eee Te ae te ee 37
Formsi(@242) 2 - << 6 2 6 6 Ge be rt ee ee 27
Plurals (§2. To ee es eee ere ee ei fon eer cei 28
Collectives (§2.14) - - 6 66 ee ee tb ee ee 3]
,»countedness* (§2. IGN o¢ 0.8 bo 6 6 oe od Se GU tnesel cata ceete's tt:
Vocative (§2.16)" ee yn 2. haters rai aes eg ee 32
Dependent Forms (§2.17)- > - +--+ se te tt ee eee. 33
Adjectives (§2.2) ene te we erig Wa ee eee wee 34.
Comparer ‘6. 24) Senet eee = soc R- spete 35
Pronouns (§2.8) - + +) + ee et tt ee ee eee | Bb
’ Personal aca (82. Sl- + 2 ees & ee cea tearence ene 37
Demonstrative Pronouns (g2-24) hele ees cae oe a 80
Definite Articles (§241) ++ s+ ee ee ee eee ee 4]
Interrogative Pronouns (§2-5)..- - +--+ + +++ +> cS aS
Relative Pronouns (§2.6) - + -- © ++ + test eeee 44
Indefinite Pronouns (2.7) -- . 6 + ee 2 ee ee te ee 45
Qualitative and Quantative Adjectives (§2.8). - ee ee
Numerals (§2.9) - «+ 6 6 ee et ee ee ee ee es 47
Adverbs (§3) - Son, te, Poe eaker ee gol te a. on Ho Sl
BpeneSinhe GAM oe ots a eee ES 52
Chapter III. The Mere Sie ee oe oS te ee alien = 66
Introductory Remarks ($5) Gans eat hel ib yik ie! ABE Ts ai era eee nes 66
A. The Morphology of the Verb -- + © - ++ +e sess 68
General Notions (§6) -- +--+ +--+ ++ eee sees 68

Aspect Morphology (§6.1-64) --:+--- Pauses ce tae oe ter saree
Forms (§7) --+- +--+. ie as ae se CORI Senate eaten he
Present (§8) -- +--+ +++ Poet ke wean Ga arcs ee
Imperfect" (SQ Ske ee Ge eS ee ee 73

Aorist (§10) ------- Ree eee 74

XIV

PART TWO — Reading Selections

Pan

m7 oO AW

PART THREE — Vocabulary

. Gospel Text, Luke X:30-85.--.- -
. Contemporary Expository ProM@#ie . 2 6 ss

. Contemporary Narrative Prose ---+-+-:--+-+:.

Imperfect I-participle ($1 By teu Se ye eel ee
Aorist I-particinle (§12) Se CURSE eee edrrs 2 ans
nyt participle “(§13) i ee rary are secs
Imperative (§14).- = - - ese tt ttt atte eee
Verbal Adverb (§15) BE vente, cctece nay ce cat en
Verba! Substantive (818) Sores see eee ss biel ee menue: (40 ciate
pete 18) (GUT) = 2s wees nae?
AGO fee Shetek eat ween a ee
Summary (Ge ee et
he Meaning and Use of the Verhat Forms eos 8 8 @ 8 8 ee
inect Forms i ee ees res ecm oe ee
Present (G20) - 2-9 «S25 oe eee Fee

Excurse: a + Present Forms (oe ee
Imperfect (§22)

eee: G@e. 8 6 ee. en eee nce el h See CA et ele aw ee) 6) iv Re

Aorist (§23 ay Seeger cn oie ee eine: i. ae
»Distanced“ Forms (§24) pus ialn geet a, TS a oes aS
njt participle (§25) - - -- +--+ +s e+e es oo

HMa-compounds W534... :

Potential Mood (§26) ee eee ee eee
Projective Mood (§27) +--+: ++ esse ee ae

Intransitive Voice (§28)- +. +--+ +--+
Imperative §2 29)
WacbalbAeverh (Sa0), © 089-5 = 4s se eG eee
Verbal Substantive (§31)

2 se ese (eo see ver 6a | (Osprey Sie ete ceo ce fen cel ei) Sie ete bw al ven 48:

Phe tt Cer ee tomes ace Career tee Ce ee re oe er

.
Qitace eye AU cielo ies Fie) (ee wet NO poe V8) pceertcs ve 4 80 lel ee:

Folk Texts, by RAO Ss 6 be Bo ne Oe ete oe cr oe ae
)Kena og FaponcKa onawKa ---- - To ge ees ee ee

Mauopor aynja uv Kanyfep +--+ + ee te ee tt es
Crexop, CBeKpBa CHaa

O ips 8: Gal ie) a a; te) Sa ae) ew) 8 a ee ew ow
ae ae « « (8 (eve sf ww 8 Ss fa

Blaze Koneski: excerpts from Makemouckata auTepaTypa BO oe oes .

, Caticce, Dramatic Prose ©. -- +. -.: .

Vasil Woski: excerpts from Beranxa

Ce LG je? ie wa) GO Ae Gar) fe ied (aah Mes | 6.

Viado Maleski — ,,Tale*: Mnangocta Ha @pocnna -
Slavko Janevski: excerpts from Ynuua--+-. - -
Jovan Boskovski: Henpujarenn ---. - 2-5 ++ 2 52-0,
BOsMOKON : = 6 + 2958s es ew 5s eB as ee
3emjata Ha Tanka Bicep Be Somer ge ee tes Gay a
Dimée Markovski: Uuyxo Astekco

er ee a ey te ey er te we ee a oe:

ee OS eo ee fe ee a ee el ee) eh ee

Map of the Republic of Macedonia

o © © «& w« *

aor
adj.
ady.
Bg.

coll.
can.
def.

dial.
dim.
excl.

gram.

indef.

Mac.

ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

aorist

adjective

adverb

Bulgarian

any consonant
collective.
coniunction

definite

dialect, dialect form
diminutive

east

€xclamation
feminine
grammatical
imperfect
interminative
indefinite

masculine
Macedonian, Macedonia

N north

© old >

pej. pejorative
pl. plural

pi. tant. pluralia tanta
(nouns occuring only
iu the plural)

pr present '
PSI — Proto-Slavic
> South
SC erbo-Croatian
Sg. singular
SSI South Slavic
T terminative
voc. vocative
W west
2, zere
| or

~ opposed to, alternates with

INTRODUCTION

Macedonian is the official language of the Peoples Republic
of Macedonia, one of the Six federal units which comprise present-
day Yugoslavia. It is the native tongue of the 800,000 Macedonian
Slavs who live in the Macedonian Republic, and is an important
secondary language for the 200,000-Albanians or Shiptars, the
95,000 Turks, the 10,000 Arumanians (Vlachs); and the 20,000
Gypsies there.

The neighboring areas of Bulgaria and Greece are also part
of the region historically known as Macedonia. In Bulgarian or
Pirin Macedonia, the Macedonian language enjoyed the status of
a secondary tongue from 1944 until 1948, but it has since been
forbidden. In Greek or Aegean Macedonia, where the Slavic popu-
lation has been decreased: by emigration or hellenization, the
language has never been permitted.

Macedonian is a South, or Balkan, Slavic language, closely
related to its two neighbors, Bulgarian and Serbo-Croatian, and
to the more distant Slovene. All of these are akin to the East Slavic
languages (Russian, Ukrainian and Byelorussian) and the West
Slavic languages (Polish, Czech, Slovak, Upper and Lower Sorbian).
Balkan Slavic may be divided into two parts on the basis of one .
very old feature: in the east, the two Common Slavic reduced
vowels known as jers (b and b) did not develop alike, while in
the west the two fell together and shared the same subsequent
developments. The western part of Balkan Slavic evolved into the
dialects which gave rise to the Slovene and the Serbo-Croatian
literary languages. The eastern Balkan Slavie dialects gave rise
to the Buigarian literary language in the nineteenth century and
to the newest of European literary languages, Macedonian, in our
own day.

‘It was also from the eastern Balkan Slavic dialects that the
first Slavic literary language, Old Church Slavonic, came. This
language, based on the Salonika dialect of the Slavic Apostles’,
Sts. Cyril and Methodius, was used by all of the Slavs during the

1 Macedonian grammar 1

Middle Ages. It was the medium of a flourishing culture in Moravia
and Bohemia from about 863 to the end of the eleventh century,
and was influential in the formation of the new Czech and Polish
written languages somewhat later. It was the language of the
*Golden Age’ of literature during the reigns of the Bulgarian Tsars
Boris and Simeon. From there, the language and the culture were
taken over by the Russians, late in the tenth century, and the South
Slavic elements from the language of Cyril and Methodius are still
vital and productive in present-day Russian. Church Slavonic was
also the language of the new princedoms and kingdoms which were
formed in Croatia and Serbia in the eleventh century and later.

In the ninth century, when Cyril and his, brother created an ~
alphabet for Slavic and made the first translations, the Slavic
peoples, spread over a tremendous area from the Baltic to the
Aegean, from the Elbe to central Russia, spoke dialects which were
so close to each other that there was no difficulty in communication.
The dialect of Salonika was perfectly comprehensible to the Mora-
vians, who did not hesitate to accept it as the written language.
Although basic phonetic changes took place in the next two
centuries, fundamentally modifying the spoken dialects in different
respects, the force of cultural tradition kept the written language
relatively unified. Different centers of learning stylized the lan-
guage in their own ways, adding elements of the local dialects. Thus
arose different versions or recensions of Church Slavonic, such as
the Bohemian, the Macedonian, the Bulgarian, the’ Serbian, the
Russian, and the Croatian recension. The oldest manuscripts date
from the tenth century, and in spite of the fact that their language
is not completely uniform, it is difficult to localize them exactly.
Sometimes there is even doubt as to whether a manuscript is Russian
or South Slavic. Later on, the local versions became more distinct,
but many a manuscript from the thirteenth to fifteenth century
is difficult to identify closely. The literary language remained
essentially one, particularly for the Serbs, Bulgarians, and Mace-
donians, despite the different centers of learning with their different
styles of writing and spelling. Even the strong political rivalries
did not prevent a lively cultural exchange.

One specifically Macedonian trait is found even in the oldest
of the Old Church Slavonic texts from the Balkans, the Codex
Zographensis and the Codex Marianus. The reduced vowel ‘4, ~
in the so-called ’strong position’ is often replaced by © as for
instance, in co#* (probably pronounced son) for an older chin.
A closely related trait which is characteristic of Macedonian and
the neighboring Bulgarian dialects, but not of Serbian or Eastern
Bulgarian, is the replacement of ’strong b’ by e, aS in TeMHoO OF
TemhHo (probably pronounced temno), found in ‘the oldest manu- -

2

scripts beside the older form Taasuo. There are other special Mace-
donian. features occuring in such manuscripts as the Bologne Psalter

Although Macedonia had one of the most important Slavic
cultural centers in the Balkans during the tenth to thirteenth
centuries, at Ohrid, political affairs did not allow the development
of a special Macedonian literature. Except for a brief period under
Samuil at the end of the ninth century, Macedonia never had its
own government. It was first part of various. Bulgarian-ruled states,
then came under the Serbs. Until the end of the fifteenth century,
the Slavic culture was maintained fairly intact, and Church
Slavonic was the written language, sometimes in a more Bulgarian
type of recension, sometimes in a more Serbian type.

With the Turkish “conquest, Slavic culture in the Balkans
almost died out. From the early sixteenth century until the
eighteenth, literary activity was restricted to copying the books
necessary for church services, and even this activity was limited.
From this period, only a few Macedonian and Buigarian manu-
scripts have survived the repeated wars, fires, earthquakes, and
other disasters. ;

As the Turkish rule weakened, the Balkan Slavs began again
to revive their culture. At the end of: the seventeenth, and even
more in the eighteenth century, books of sermons began to appear
in a language which mixed in many elements of the local spoken
dialects with the now archaic church language. The church language
itself underwent changes with the introduction of Russian texts.
All Orthodox Slavs came to use the Russian recension of Church
Slavonic as the language of the liturgy.

° The first printed book containing Macedonian texts is not
a sign of the strength of Slavic culture, but of its*weakness. It is
the “four-language’ conversational manual by a certain Daniil of
Moscopole, in southeastern Albania, first published in 1793, as has
recently been éstablished by Prof. H. Polenakovik of Skopje. This
Cetirijaziénik was intended to teach Albanians, Arumanians (Vlachs)
and’ Macedonians how to express themselves in Greek, then the

eee Ue sas Tae an Vee pers 244s aah NAAT UM,. aaa

language of the dominant cleric and merchant class in the Balkan
provinces of Turkey. The Macedonian texts were written for Daniil
by the priest Stefan, of Ohrid, and are in the Ohrid dialect. —
During the nineteenth century, Bulgarians and Macedonians
intensified their efforts to educate their children, to achieve the
independence of their church, ‘and to strive toward political
freedom. Two attitudes toward language developed among Mace-.
donians; some wanted to write just as they spoke, while others
believed. that a compromise with: the dialects of the Bulgarians

3

could bring about a unified literary language. There was still
another factor, however; the effort of the Serbs to introduce Serbian
books into the Macedonian schools. The Macedonians were thus
struggling against the Turks and the Greeks for religious and
political freedom, and with these plus the Bulgarians and the Serbs
for cultural independence. It was an unequal struggle, and as a
compromise many preferred to join forces with the Bulgarians
against the major enemy, the Greek-Turkish domination. Thus
many Macedonians accepted the Bulgarian literary language, and
after the establishment of the hegemony of the Bulgarian church
in Macedonia in 1871, the schools became almost exclusively

*
news

Bulgarian,

This was only a temporary solution, however, for although
many Macedonian elements had been accepted into the Bulgarian
literary language, many Macedonians still felt that their own tongue
was different enough to warrant a difference in writing. They were
still at a great disadvantage, for while Bulgaria had achieved a
measure of independence, Macedonia remained only a backwar
province of the Turkish Empire. Having no press of their own,
the Macedonians attempted to express their ideas in the Bulgarian
press, but they met with opposition at every step. A booklet written
in Macedonian and advocating both Macedonian political indepen-
dence and a Macedonian literary language: was destroyed by
Bulgarian officials in a Sofia printing shop in 1903, and this incident
does not seem to have been isolated. Most such works, however,
never even reached the printer’s shop.

Macedonian separatism did not die, however, but was even
intensified because of the unsatisfactory solutions offered after the
Balkan Wars and the First World War. Historical Macedonia was
divided into three parts, parcelled out to Serbia, Bulgaria, and Greece.
In Greece in the nineteenth century the Slavic population reached
the outskirts of Salonika. From the middle of the century, thanks
to the dominance of the Greek church, and the Greek merchants,
the process of hellenization proceeded steadily, working out from
the towns. Still, in 1912 there was a large Slavic population in
Greek Macedonia, particularly in the border areas. After the award
of these regions to Greece, many. Slavs emigrated to Pirin Mace-
donia or other parts of Bulgaria. Even more changes took place
in the ethnic composition of Aegean Macedonia after 1918, for
many Anatolian Greeks were settled there. Bulgarian schools were
supended, and those Macedonians who did not emigrate were
subjected to intensive hellénization. The Bulgarian-Serbian frontier
was changed many times between 1912 and 1918, but the local
population, particularly in the west, considered both Serbs and
Bulgarians as foreign ‘oppressors, and continued to demand the

4

During the nineteenth century a number of collections of

Macedonian folksongs and folktales had b geen published. Under the

label of folklore, it was possible to print them according to the

Macedonian pronunciation, although the language was usually
proclaimed to be a Bulgarian dialect. "These folk materials had
served as an Tnepimenen to a few educated Macedonians who tried
to nite original poetry in the nineteenth century, and in the 1920’s
and ’30’s they again became a powerful influence to stimulate the
growing feeling of nationalism, among the young Macedonians in
Yugoslavia. In the late 30’s the poets Kosta Racin, Venko Markovski
and Kole Nedelkoski published original poems in Macedonian.
Racin’s volume, which appeared in Zagreb, was considered by the
critics as a manifestation of regional eat in a South Serbian
dialect, 1 while the other books, published i 1 Sofia, were viewed
as Western Bulgarian works. In fact, naneeen these poems served
to fire the imaginations of many more young people, who found
their own native Macedonian language in them.

In 1941, western Macedonia was taken from, Yugoslavia and
annexed by Bulgaria, The population did not find that the change
brought any improvement in their position, and they believed that
ene had simply exchanged one foreign official language for
another. As the resistance movement grew, it became clear' that
one of the slogans must be cultural freedom for Macedonia. During
the struggle against the occupying forces, Macedonian was regularly
used in news bulletins, eee and the songs, poems, and
stories written for and by the soldiers.

With victory and the final expulsion of the Germans in 1944,
the Coane of Macedonia was proclaimed, and the official language
was declared to be Macedonian,

Macedonian dialects are not, of course, uniform. They shade
into the neighboring Serbian dialects to the north and Bulgarian
to the east. There is a relatively homogeneous group of dialects
to the west of the Vardar river, in the area roughly defined by the
quadrangle Prilep—Bitola—Kitevo—Veles, and, since this is also
the most populous area of Macedonia, these dialects were taken

as the basis of the literary language.

A commission established in 1944 defined more specifically
which features were to be incorporated into the written language,
and since that time the norms have been worked out in more detail.
With the publication of the little handbook on spelling, Maxedoucxu
npasonuc (Macedonian Orthography) in the spring of 1951, the new
language can be said to have come of age. In that short period of

9

time it had achieved a degree of homogeneity comparable to that
of the other Balkan languages.

Naturally the spoken language of a population which was
overwhelmingly peasant and agricultural did not contain the
terminology to deal with the complex civilization and culture of
a modern state. It was necessary to-find or create all the terms

Laem wrlitine nhilndnnnher Kean ture lanAerqunad tank we Al Acs Wesel el
101 PUALLLeS, PpuLdsopny, ILUGTALUrL &y aavancea LOULIIUIUE Y > alu ° GAalL

the other fields. At first, the tendency was to borrow outright

from Russian, Bulgarian and Serbian. Since the people who had
any education at all had heen trained in Serho-Croatian or Bulga-

rian schools, the influence of those two languages has been parti-
cularly strong. At present, the tendency'is rather to replace the
borrowed words with terms made up of native elements, or words
which have been found to exist in local dialects. For instance, for
event’ many used the Bulgarian word co6Outne, while others preferred
the Serbian zorabaj. But in the folksongs there is the word nactau,
with the same meaning. This word was introduced, and immediately
was accepted, and the two competing loan-words have been discard-
ded. Older categories‘have been extended to encompass new usages.
Normally, a verkal substantive can have no plural. But even before
1940 the word mpaiatize ’a questioning, a process of questioning’.
came to mean simply ’question’, and it developed a plural npamata
*questions’. Many other verbal substantives followed suit. Termino-
logy in. many fields is still not settled, and the discussions about
new words and usages are lively and productive.

As has been stated, Macedonian is very closely related to both
Serbo-Croatian and Bulgarian. The relationship with Bulgarian is
doubtless closer. Macedonian and Bulgarian together form a special
group which I have calied Eastern Baikan Slavic. Beside the very
old feature mentioned above (maintenance of a difference between
the reflexes of the ,,jers’”), there are many traits in common. Chief
among ther are the loss of declension, the use of prefixes rather
than suffixes to form the comparative and superlative of adjectives
and adverbs (panHo ‘early’, nopanHo ’earlier’ — cf. SC parnyje), the

Tones af tha infinitiva and tha develooment af a nactnnacitivs definite
LUO VL LLL ALLLALILALAV Ny QAiitkt UbllAw UNV tus 2A VL A PY Ye pyueitive VALU LLL Nee

article. All of these are shared to some extent by the southeastern
Serbian dialects, but it is fairly clear that this is a recent develop-
ment. It may be noted, however, that there is no sharp, ‘distinct
line which marks off Serbian from Bulgarian, any more than there
is an absolute frontier between Macedonian and’ Serbian or Bulga-
rian, or, on the other hand, between Croatian and Slovene.
Macedonian has very few phonemic, morphological or syntac-
tical traits which are unique, but the peculiar combination of traits
marks off a system which is different from those of all the other
Slavic languages. The Macedonian accent is unique, and it is the

A
Vv

outstanding feature which sets Macedonian apart from Bulgarian.
The stress is bound tothe antepenult, while Bulgarian stress is free.
Macedonian does not have the musical intonations which are
characteristic of the western Balkan Slavic languages, Serbo-
Croatian and Slovene.* In morphology, only Macedonian has the
suffix -am for the first person Singular of all verbs. The develop-
ment of a verbal compound with the verb ’to have’ as auxiliary,
coupled with the neuter form of the past (historically speaking,
passive) participle (umam Bupero "I have seen’, cf. §25.4) is peculiarly
Macedonian, although the. germs of such a development can be
found in other Slavic languages, particularly Czech and Polish.
Only Macedonian has the obligatory use of the short direct and
indirect object pronouns together with a definite direct or indirect
object (My ja mangos na Wierpera Kuurata ’I gave Peter the book’,
cf. §2.311), although some usages in Bulgarian are similar. The triple
postpositive definite article is shared by Macedonian only with the
‘closely related Serbian and Bulgarian dialects just to the north
(xKeHaTa, 2eHapa, weHana ’the woman’, cf. §2.41), but certain
Bulgarian dialects have two articles.

The principal features which together characterize the Mace-
_donian sound pattern are: 1. o from ’strong back jer’ = »% in all |
positions (like Russian, but unlike northeastern Bulgarian dialects.
where + > o only in suffixes), 2. e from ’strong front jer’ = b
(like Russian and some Bulgarian dialects), 3. a from 9 = »@ (like
central Bulgarian dialects), 4. a from a secondary vowel which
developed in certain consonantal clusters, e. g. dobar < dobr (like
Serbo-Croatian), 5. K from *tj and *kt before front vowel (structu-
rally, but not phonetically, like Serbo-Croatian), and the parallel
development, 6. f from *dj, 7. tolt from *tlt (like Russian), 8. initial
ja from je = & (similar to some Serbo-Croatian dialects and to
Czech and Slovak) e. g. jazik, 9. cr- < Gr-, e. g. ern, crep (like Serbo-
Croat).

* Initial » developed specially in Macedonian, giving ja, but only four roots
are found: jadica ‘fishing-line’, jaglen ’coal’, jazol ‘knot’, jaZe ‘rope’. Instead of
the expected *jagol, Macedonian has the form agol ’angle, corner’, borrowed
from Bulgarian. :

The root uyr (‘bloom’) has a special form in Macedonian: cf. Bg. utpTr—
SC. cvat—; < ysar—.

The development of a secondary u in the numerals sedum, and osum is

like Czecho-Slovak, but only Macsdonian has sum for ’} am’.

PART ONE

GRAMMAR
of the
MACEDONIAN LITERARY LANGUAGE

CHAPTER I

PHONOLOGY AND ORTHOGRAPHY

1.1 Literary Macedonian has 31 phonemes. The system contains
five vowels (i ue o a); four semi-vowels (r jit); three nasal conso-
nants (m n 7); 9 pairs of consonants with the opposition of voicing
including 4 pairs of stops (p/b, t/d, k'/g’, k/g), 3 pairs of fricatives
(t/v, $/z, $/Z), and 2 pairs of affricates (c/3, é/3); and a non-paired
voiceless fricative (/2).

it has not yet been possible to make a full acoustic analysis
of a satisfactory body of recorded material, but from the evidence
available, the total phonemic system appears to be based on eight
oppositions of distinctive features :1 -1. vocalic — non-vocalic, 2. con-
sonantal — non-consonantal, 3. compact — diffuse, 4. grave —.acute,
©. nasal — oral, 6. continued — ‘interrupted, 7. voiced — unvoiced, 8.
strident — mellow.

1 For_.this terminology, see PENT Gs ta Speech Analysis: the
Distinctive Features and their Correlates, R. Jacobson, G. Fant, and M. Halle.
M. Acoustics Laboratory nica Report Ns 13, Cambridge, Mass.,
january, 1952.

fele{ily|tfel s|

vocalic | | = - | - | ~ | |
consonantal ee eee ae se ee eee le
compact
grave
nasal
continuous

| pale)

|

voiced

|
++
4.
+++
i
+
TS |

strident

°

vocalic —|- |
consonantal ele
compact - -|-|+
grave :

|

fee |

nasal i =
continuous J-lc-i-
voiced -j—i+ti-
strident +itl+

1.1] In the following remarks, phonemic transcriptions will be
enclosed in slant lines where necessary to distinguish them from pho-
netic transcriptions, which will be enclosed in square brackets.

/i/ is a high front vowel, unrounded.?

/u/ is a high back rounded vowel.”

/e/ is a mid-high front vowel.® Stressed /e/ varies freely
between fe] and [e], with the higher allophone more frequent. Un-
stressed /e/ is always [e]. Frequently in the stressed syllable the high
allophone may take the form ofa falling diphthong [ie]. This variant
is COnSidered non-literary and is avoided in formal speech.

1 /i/ derives historically from Proto-Slavic (PSI) i and y, and has exact
correspondences in both Serbo-Croatian and Bulgarian: ili ’or’, sin ’son’.

2 yu/ derives chiefly from PSI uw, and corresponds to SC and Bg. How-
ever, in a few words /u/ represents PSI 9 (a) e. g. kuk’a, krug, mudrost,
oruzje, otsustvo, sudbina. Such words come from the northernmost Mac. dia-
lects or neighboring SC, from the Russified church language, or else they are
new learned words taken directly from Serbian or Russian.

, 3 ,e/ derives historically from: 1. PS] @é — mene (SC, Bg mene); 2. PSI
@é— meso (SC méso, Bg mes6); 2. General South Slavic (SSI) @€ — mesto SC
meésto/mjésto, Bg mjdsto, mleko (SC mléko mlijéko, Bg mljdko); 4. PSI ”strong
front jer’= » - den, pes, gladen (SC dan, pas, gladan, Bg den pes'phs, gladen)

10

/o/ is a mid- high back rounded vowel.!

ja/ is a low central vowel.? in unstressed position, particu-
larly after the stress, a somewhat higher allophone [a] may occur,
in free variation with [a].

A sixth vowel [a] or [8] appears in dialect words which are
used in literary texts for special effects: [Saza] for solza, [pot] for
pat, and the like. It is normally used in naming the consonant letters
when spelling or pronouncing abbreviations; e. g. NR Makedonija
[na ra makedonija] ’Peoples Republic of Macedonia’. Sometimes the
pronounciation of abbreviations is influenced by Bulgarian; e. g.
SSSR (’SSSR’) [es es es er] or {so sa so raj. We use the Bulgarian
letter + to represent this vowel. The sound also appears in some

Turkish loanwords, but in literary pronunciation it is replaced by
fal ktsmet — kasmet fate, ‘good fortune’. There is a wide range of

app SSA ane wh aR Aas

variation of pronunciation of this vowel in the dialects where it. is a
phoneme. In some it is opposed to /a/ by fronting (i. e. acuteness)
i u |
eo: |
b a

ibu
ea o
jt/ is a voiced apical trill which functions both syila cea
and non-syllabically. Between consonants it is syllabic: ae vrba/ .
first, willow’. In root-initial position, followed (but not preceded) by
a consonant, /t/ is realized as [or]: dr5, arg’a, zao’rskaa /r'8, r’g'a,
zar’skaa/ ’tye, rusts, they growled’. This situation occurs only at the
beginning of a word, or in a very few cases where a prefix ending
in a vowel has been added to such a word.

/j/ is a palatal semi-vowel. Cf. fr 123, below.

fl/ is an alveolar apical voiced lateral, the so-called European Ss

/#/ is a velarized dental voiced lateral. It does not occur before
/el, Ji/, or /j/.2 lf corresponds almost exactly to the J in American
English /eap while /t/is nearly identical with the final sound in: AE
all, The combination /li/ in rapid speech may be realized as a palatal
Jateral, like the Serbian mb, but ‘in slower speech it is clearly a group,
apical + palatal.

and in others by closeness (i. e. compactness)

1 jo/ derives from 1. PSI 0 — pole (SC pOlje, Bg polé); 2. PSI ”strong back
jer” = bB — son, boéva, kratok (SC san, _bacva, kratak, Bg stn, bbéva, kratbk);
3. PSI tit — volk, solza (SC vik, stiza, Bg valk, s41z4).

2 al derives historically from three major sources; Genéral SSI a -- brat,
grad (SC, Bg brat, grad); 2. PSI 9 (*) raka, pat (SC ruka, pat. B rekd,
ptt, — NB: Here certain Mac. dialects may have u, 0, 3 (roka, pot); suc forms
may occur in written dialogue, but they are not considered literary. — 3. A sec-
ondary vowel ( jer”) which developed in certain consonantal groups: dobar,
taze, (Se ddba laze, Bg dobsr, 1ize).

3 1, not before e, i and j, is of foreign origin, except inthe root /ub-"love’:
in all other cases’ PS! *l/ has become 7. Many Mac. dialects preserve / more fre-

quently than the literary language: nedela, tolku, etc., for literary nedeta, totku:

1}

/m/ is a bilabial nasal, /n/ a dental nasal, and /f/ a_ palatal
nasal.4

/f/ is a labio-dental voiceless fricative.?

/v/ is the corresponding voiced labio-dental fricative.? NB: Some
speakers pronounce a bilabial voiced fricative [w]} for [v], but this
is not literary.

/t/ is a dental voiceless stop, unaspirated, and /d/ ifs voiced
correspondent.

/s/ is a hissing dental sibilant, /z/ its voiced correspondent.

/k/ is a voiceless unaspirated velar stop, /g/ its voiced mate.

/K/ is a voiceless palatal stop.* There is free variation ranging
from a pure stop [K] to an affricate [KS], although in the speech of
one person the range is usually narrow. In the speech of some persons
there is no contrast between /k/ and /K/ before front vowels (/e, i/).
In the recommended standard, however, the two phonemes remain
distinct in all positions: e. g. kuixa ‘house’ — kuka ‘hook’; pl. kuki
— kuki.

In the dialect of the city of Prilep, k’ has become ¢ in the speech of those
born after about 1930.

/g'/ is'a voiced palatal stop, whose variants have the same range
and distribution as those of /K/, from a pure stop [g’] to an affricate
[g2}.°

/3/ is a voiceless hushing sibilant,® /2/ its voiced counterpart.

/c/ is a voiceless dental affricate, /3/’ its voiced conterpart.

/é/ is a voiceless alveolar or palatal affricate, /3/ its voiced
counterpart. 3

jh/ varies from a breathed [h] to a voiceless velar fricative [x].*

i /fy is replaced in some dialects by /jn/ kojn, venéajne for ‘kori, vencane.

2 /§/ derives from xv, (fala —SC hvala/fala, Bg hvala) or is borrowed from
Turkish, Greek, and western languages. As in many other Slavic dialects, a
foreign f is often replaced by v (less often p) in Mac. dialects.

3 In the different Mac. dialects, the pronounciation and distribution of /v/ is
extremely varied. PSI v has been lost in most cases in most dialects, and its use
in the literary language is often artificial. /v/ may come from an older &; see
footnote on /h,/ below. scan _ ae

1 sk’/ derives from: J.PSI *t/ — svek'a(SC svéca/svijé¢a, OBg svéSta); 2. PSI
*kt before front vowel — nok’ (Bg noSt, SC ndc), 3. PS! tes — brak’a, cvek'e (Bg
bratja, cf. cvetja; SC braca, cvéce/cvijece).

5 /g'/ derives from: J. PS! *dj — meg’u (SC medu,-Bg mezdu), 2. PS! dos
—({tag’a) nafa (SC lada, Bg ladija).

6 Throughout the central Mac. dialects there are infrequent traces of the
older reflex st < *tj and *kt before front vowel. A few of these have been taken
into the literary language: e. g. snoSti ‘last night’, ovosje ‘fruit’, mosne ‘very’
(*moz-), mastexica (“mot-) *buttermilk’ gasnik ’trouserstrap’, pomos ‘aid’, pomos-
nica ‘helper (f.)’, maStea ’step-mother’.

? /3/ is secondary in Mac., not directly related to the S of Old Church Slavonic
manuscripts.

: 8 PSI x has been lost in all positions in most Mac. dialects. In the literary

12

1:12 Notes on the distribution of phonemes.

. 1,121 The opposition voiced — voiceless is not significant at
the end of a word; there only voiceless consonants (of. those whose
voicing is significant) appear.* Similarly, consonant groups may con-

i
tain only wAIrAA nr nley voiceless rAnennante ha ener Ags tm oe)
tqaall (aly YVuuarccu wi ily ¥ MCCICSS LCUOVUIIalOS. uc VOicea Vv 10S€$

its voicing at the end of a word and before any phonemically voiced
consonant, but it may follow either a voiced Or voiceless consonant

{svat ee zvanhe tyuAri —— dvor ate hivt Anti finer vdova ate \
{ovase evanc, tvuil Uv by SUL, VU Yiliy ivi, uvva, Cte.)

1.122 Long (or doubled) consonants occur only at certain mor-
pheme boundaries; only ¢ d s zm and j are found doubled.

At the boundary between a morpheme and a suffix:

a . '
sralnace tn ow -

numerals + plural definite article: perte'the five’, desette'the ten’
ordinai numerals, pettt ‘Sth’, devetti ‘Oth’
collective numerals: sedummina ‘group Of 7' and osummina
‘group of 8’
feminine substantives ending in -t (not -st) + definite article:
Zivotta ‘the life’ proletta ‘the spring’
Celatta ‘the children, offspring’ -

At the boundary between a morpheme and prefix: .

adverbs: oddafeku ‘from afar’ (cf. daleku ‘distant’)
ottamu ‘from there’ (ci. tamu ‘there’)

adjectives: bessilen ‘powerless’ (cf. stlen ‘powerful’)
bezzastiten 'defenceless’ (cf. zastiten ‘defended’)

adverbs and adjectives with the superlative prefix 2aj-:
najjasen, najjasno ‘clearest, brightest’

y

nouns: bezzemjas ‘landless peasant’ (cf. zemja ‘land’)

verbs: se oddaleci he went away’ ottrgna ‘he tore off’
razzeme ‘he took /from all sides/’
nattréa 'he won, excelled in running’ (ci. matréa 'he came
running’)

language /h/ thus usually represents a borrowing from eee Slavic dialects
or literary Janguages, from Greek, Albanian, or Turkish. ,

’ PSI x in final position, or in positions alternating with final, has often
been replaced by /v/ (pronounced [f] automatically if final): aorist jrekov, rekovme/
Jrekof, rekovme]. In intervocalic posit on PS] x has occasionally been replaced
by sv/: uvo ’ear. This is relatively recent change, affecting even Turkish loan-
words; e. g. iStav ,appetite* < istah.

i The voicing of the nasals and ’semi-vowels” mnntirj is not phonemically
opposed to any: voicelessness, nor is the voicelessness of #: Therefore these
a

a IE a ntrn e s ¢hi at a
nts aré not concerned in this statement.

conson

13

In the first category, there is no question about the occurrence
of these long consonants, nor is there with the adverbs in the second
category and the forms with naj-. With the verbs, adjectives and
nouns (assuming that there are more than the one here cited), there
appears to be hesitation between the forms with a long consonant and
similar formations where there is a single consonant. The long con-
sonants clearly are retained to avoid homonymy (cf. nuttréa — nutréa;
sé oddolzi ‘he paid off a debt’ — se odo/zi ‘it lengthened’); otherwise
these forms in careless speech sometimes have only a single con-
sonant. Without a large body of recorded acoustic material, a precise
analysis is impossible. .

1.123 The material available does not furnish a clear definition
of the occurrence of /j/. In the spelling, and in the pronunciation of
some individuals, it seems to be clearly a separate phoneme. E. g. a

‘and’ — ja ’either’, Zaba ‘frog’ —- Zaoro ’batrachian’ (f. sg.); zabi
frogs’ — Zabji’batrachian’ (pl.); pj, pijte, ispijte ‘drink!’ — ti ’thou’,

t.to9 Tito’; organ ‘organ’ -- jorgen ‘blanket; cf. ulica ’street’ — juli
‘July’. When /e/ and /i/ follow vowels, however, it is not clear wheth-
cr the phonetic [j] which frequently is heard actually is phonemic,
for there is no possible contrast. The word ’is’ is usually pronounced
[je] and the number ’one’ [eden]; however they may be pronunced
[e]. and [jeden]. There is apparently free variation in such cases.

When /i/ is immediately followed by another vowel, a [j] is
usually heard: it does not seem to be in contrast with hiatus, and
therefore may be termed non-phonemic. The cases of péj, ptjte, ispijte
show the succession /ij/ not followed by a vowel. lf these combina-
tions actually are pronounced in normal speech, then the analysis
here presented is correct. It is, however, possible that this is an ar-
tificial pronunciation, influenced by certain considerations of speiling.
In that case the / may be interpreted as a variant of /i/; an interpre-
tation which would make necessary the introduction of a prosodic
feature of syllabicity.

In other two-vowel combinations, hiatus remains, but when three
vowels come together, a [j] appears before the third (e. g. pee ’sings’,
zapea ’they sang’, but peeja ’they were singing’). This [j], being auto-

matic, may also be termed non-phonemic.

Vocalic and Consonantal Alternations

1.20 When a word is modified to function in various morpho-
logical positions, certain phonemes may be lost’ or replaced by’ other
phonemes. A few of the changes are automatic and predictable, . but

; 1 It is characteristic of Macedonians to carry the long consonant of the -
ordinals petti, devetti, desetti over into Serbian, even. when they have spoken
that language almost exclusively since childhood. os

14

the majority are isolated and non-productive. Here we shall cite only
the most important changes, leaving a more complete listing for the
nagrrints nf aar marsnhaladizal Antannawe 45 otuncn

description Of cCaull MmOrpagGogicar category. (Shits of olr Cos aré dis-
cussed in the section on the accent, below, 1.4.)

1.21. Vocalic alternations are numerous. Most important are
those which occur in the regular conjugation of verbs and those in
the forms of certain masculine nouns, adjectives, and a small number
of irregular verb forms (\-participles).t The large number of non-
productive vocalic alternations, represented chiefly in the relationship
between the perfective and imperfective stems of many common but
irregular: verbs, will not be cited here.

a — ¢?1 sg. verbs: gleda "he sees’ — se see” (ct. 8.02)
adjectives: dobar. ’good’ (m. sg.) — f. dobra (cf. 2.211)

e — 9 i sg. verbs: spie ‘he sleeps’ — spiam ’{ sieep’ (cf. 8.02)
aorist: da Eue "he hears’ — cu 'he heard’ (cf. 10.02)
nouns, adjectives: Makedonec ’Macedonian’ — pl. Make-

donci (cf. 2.1312)
veren ‘faithful’ (m. sg.) — f. verna (cf. 2.211)
e — a verbs: da padne ‘he falls’ — padna, padnal ’he fell’ (cf.
10.03, 13.03)

i—g¢ | sg. verbs: nosi ’he carries’ — nosam’! Garry (ct. 8.02)

i — a verbs: da zabelezi ’he notes 'zabeleza ‘he noted’ (cf. 10.12)

i — e verbs: broi ’he counis’ — broese ‘ne counted’ (cf. 10.11)

All of these alternations are morphologically conditioned.

1.22 Consonantal alternations are also varied. Only three types
are productive: — 1, | — 9, and voiced — voiceless consonants.
All three are completely automatic, determined by phonetic position.

1.221 ¥ — 1. Since ¥ may not stand before e, i, or / it is replaced

by J. This alternation is found before all of.the many suffixes begin-
ning with any of these three phonemes:

bet ’white’ (m. sg.) — beli (pl.) — belina ’whiteness’

oret ‘eagle’ — pl. orli — orliste big eagle’
krito ’wing’ — pl. krilja

vetam ’| say’ — veli ‘he says’

tetci ’calves’ — sg. tele

1 When a word ending in a vowel is followed by a word beginning with
a vowel, the first vowel is often lost in speech, an automatic and non-significant
change. This is particularly true in the case of the particles k’e and.ne and the
reflexive se: k’igram (I'll play), zosto mizleze? ey didn’t you come out ?),-
‘Rak ta da mi s'isusi! (May my hand wither!). This pronunciation is not re-
commended, however, and such contractions are avoided in formal! speech.
2 The symbol g means zero.. See the footnote to § 2.111, below.

_
on

1.222 The alternation of j-with zero (i. e. the ‘absence of /)
Occurs whenever the / is followed by Zz or e. As indicated above
(1.123), the pronunciation may retain a [j].

kraj ’region’ — pl. kraevi or kraiste
brojan ’| count? — broi ’he counts’
ptujam °| spit?’ — ptue ’he spits’

1.223 Alternations in voicing are frequent and important. Since
no voiced stop, affricate, or fricative may stand at the end of a
word, there is alternation between a vOiced non-final consOnant and
an unvoiced final (e. g. gradot ’the city’ — grat city’). In a con-
sonant group the voicing or lack of it i determined by the final
stop, affricate or fricative, except v (cf. 1.121, above), e. g. dozdot
‘the rain’ — doSt ’rain’}.

The following alternations occur.

b — p_ zabot ’the tooth’ — zap ’a tooth’

yranec ’Sparrow’ — pl. vrapei; vrapée ‘little sparrow’
v —f orevot ’the nut’ — oref ‘nut’; orefée ‘little nut’
d —t sudot ’the court’ — sut ’court’
. predok ’ancestor’ — pl. pretci

ridot ’the hill? — ritée ’hillock’
g—k bogovi ’gods’ — bok ’god’
bega ’flees’ — bekstvo ‘flight’
g’— k’ tug'a ’strange’ (f. sg.) — tuk’ (m. sg.)
z— s_ vlezot ’the entrance’. — vies ’entrance’
. nizok "low’ (m. sg.) — f. sg. miska :
Z— 8 nadezi ‘hopes’ — nade§ ’a hope’; nadeSta ’the hope’
teZok ’heavy, hard’ (m. sg.) — f. teSka
vtastodrzec ’rujer’ — vtastoursci
zd—st grozdot ’the grape’ — grost ’a grape’
zd— St gtuzdot ’the knot (in wood)’ — gtust ’a knot’

1.224 Occasional alternations with zero are found:2

t—¢ list ‘leaf? — lisje ‘leaves, foliage’
(mesten ’loca\’ m. sg. — mesna f.)
d—g grozdot the grape’ — grozye ’grapes’

1 The consonant groups formed whe. two words come together in the
sentence may be treated in the same way phonetically. If there is no pause,
the word-initial voiced stop (less frequently an affricate or a fricative) may
cause the voicing of the normally unvoiced final consonant in the preceding
word. Tuj grad bil golem, or grat bil; uzaz beSe ’it was a horror’ for uzas bexe.:
The alternation between pause and zero here is optional, but more frequently
the pause and therefore the voiceless final consonants are heard. Again, a large -

16

1.225 With a few exceptions (cf. 1.122), no double consonants
are permitted: normally a double consonant simplifies to a single one.
This is an automatic, phonetic change: .

n— 3 kamenen ’of stone’ (m. sg.) — f. Aamena (cf. 2.212 below)

- 1.226 Certain changes are found in the formation of plurals and
in some isolated cases of derivation. All of these changes are deter-
mined by the morphological or derivational categories, and are not
therefore automatic. (Forms in parentheses are exceptional.)

k—c_ volk ’wolf? — pl. volei

(raka ‘hand’ pl. race) |

£—Z_ mitingot the meeting’ —pl. mitinzt
(6rgu ’quickly’ — Oorzina ’speed’)
(noga foot, leg’. — pl. noze) '

h—S _ Uuspeh ’success’ uUspesi
v—s_ Vlavot ’Viach’ ~ Vlasi
t —k’ evet ’flower’ — pl. cvek'e
rabota ‘affair’ — coll. pl. rabok’e
fati he grasps’ (T) — fak'a (/)
d— ¢ livada meadow’ — coll. pl. livag'e

gradot ’the city’ — grag’anec ’citizen’

napadnam ’\-attack’ (T) — napag'am (J)

svidi ’he pleases’ (T) — se svig'a (/)
n— i kamen ’stone’— coll. pl. kamerie

1.2261 S, s, z normally, and / exceptionally, are replaced by f
before ¢ and ¢ in derivation: -
vozot ’the train’ — vofce ’little train’
_ obrazot ‘the cheek’ — obrafée 'little cheek’ (BUT obrazec
’model’ — pl. obrasci)
glusec ‘mouse’ — pl. glufci — glufce ‘little mouse’
kutija ‘box’ kutifce ’litie box’ (Normal type, odaja ‘room
— odajce)
Derivatives of words in -st lose the ¢ (cf. 1.224 and note) and replace
the s by f:
most bridge’ — mofce ’little bridge’
krst ‘crass’ — krfée ’little crass’

wi LO ed

mast ’fat’ — mafca (diminutive)

7

body of recorded material is needed to define this alternation satisfactorily.’

2 In nearly all dialects, and in.normal pronunciation, the words spelled with
final -s¢ (i. e. which historically had -st) are pronounced only with [-s}. The.
recommended pronunciation is with’ [-st}, however, and_the ¢ appears in the
articulated form and the alternate plural, flistot listoviJ. The unarticulated sin-
gular of ‘grape’ should be pronounced-[grost) but is usually [gros]. Similarly
$t > ¥: (dos, gluS} for [dost, glust]. :

&

2 Macedonian grammar i : WG

| 1.22611 Note, however, that the -z of a prefix becomes § before
the ¢ of a rooi (ci. 1.305):
bez without’, éest "honor’ — beSéesten ‘dishonorable’

1.2262 There are many other alternations which are found
chiefly in the morphology of irregular verbs and in isolated, non-
productive derivational processes. The list given below is not intended

to be exhaustive, but illustrates the most widely spread relationships.

k — €_ rekof ’1 said’ — reée ’he said’
Junak hero’ — junacki "heroic’
Grblb ?a Graoal-? — ar&hi UGraab? fad)
Ulk a AJICOENR s' vite Nl eex ( aa] j.

maka ’pain —’maéi tortures’ — macen ‘painful’
reka ’river’ — reciSte ’big (unpleasant) river’
dlabok ’deep’ — dlaboéina ‘depth’
raka ’hand’ — raéice ‘little hand’

g— Zz _ legna ’he lay down’ — lezi ‘he lies’
laga falsehood’ — laz ‘liar’
mnogu ’Many’ — umnoZuva ’multiplies’
bog ’god’ — bozji ’god’s, divine’

¢—€ _ ofca ’sheep’ — ofct ’sheep’s’ (m. sg.); ofcar ‘sheep-

herder’

ptica ‘bird’ — pticji 'bird’s’ (m..- sg.)

v — § _ stravot ’the fear’ — stragen ‘terrible’
pravot ’the dust’ —- praSina ‘dustiness, dust’
suvi ’dry’ (pl.) — susi dries’

Z—Z _ blizok ‘near’ be sg ~- dobliZuva ‘approaches’
nizok ‘low’ (m. sg.) — izi ‘lower’ (m. Sg.)
niza ‘thread’ — nizi 'he strings, threads’

s—8§ _ visok *high’ — vis: "higher, superior’

(s—c pes dog’ — pl. pei)

ORTHOGRAPHY

1.3 Macedonian is written with an alphabet which has 31 letters,
One for each phoneme. The alphabet is an adaptation of the Serbian
type of Cyrillic. :

The following table gives the Macedonian alphabet, with both
the normal and the italic forms for the letters, since there are some
differences. Beside them is given the transliteration (letter-for-ietter
equivalents) which is ysed in Yugoslavia when Macedonian names
or texts are written with the Roman alphabet, and the last column

wae tha

ae mhanama Tha nntac FAN nreins« tha ¢eabltan nnint nit Asffae rao
I

BIvVoco tue PUUVUCIIIC. LAIST LVICS AUMU WHE ic tavlT point vu qirnerences
> g ,

1 In the central Mac. dialects an older ps > pe (psi> pci, psue ‘curses’ > pcue)
and pS> pé (pSenica ’wheat’ > néenica).

re.

ge

18

between the standard Macedonian spelling system, the usual Yugoslav
transliteration, and the phonemic transcription used in the preceding
sections.

MACEDONIAN ROMA MACEDONIAN ROMAN
Normal | Italics — ae Phoneme| Normal | Italics ae Phoneme

re eg EY RN ASS | se NR

J

a cS

ee ee

a | Ba a Yr |

OS] SS —} | I Or - —-

|S | | —S

lj or I’ I
m m

Note on the use of the symbols: z represents approximately the
sound in English pleasure, azure; 3 — adze; j — yes, toy; m.~— (ver
approximately) onion; c — hats, € — church; 3 — judge; § — she, cas

; 1.301 As a general rule, the spelling is phonemic: each phoneme
is represented by its letter. For example: ,

Cxonie Skopie Benec Veles - Oxpugz, Ohrid
Butona Bitota Litun Stip Masposo Mavrovo
Yoctusap Gostivar Koyanu Ko€ani Hepesn Nerezi
Yoptu G'org'i (Dordi) Jby6en Luben (Ljuben) Wo flo (Iljo)
UpHesuu Crrevci Sose 303e (Dzodze) Sana gana (Dzana)
KO kon (konj) leetbe peefie (peenje) Kyka kuka

Boxuk Bozik Yamuja Zamija (dZamija) Cotbuja Sofija

There are, however, a number of exceptions.

"98 19

1.302 The letter J is written in accordance with specific rules.

Initially before e, j is written only in foreign names like Jena‘
Jespersen — Jena, Jecnepcen. Thus ’is’, although pronounced fie],
is written simply e. In the groups. /ia, io, iu/ (usually phonetically
[ija ijo iju]), the letter j is always written before a, never before y,
and before o only if the word is a vocative which contrasts with ‘a
nominative in /-ia/, spelled -wja. Thus: Buysuya, Mapuja, Buop but
Mapujo. The {j] which appears automatically. before the third vowel
of a group (ci. 1.123) is aisé written: neeja (/peea/, [peeja} or [pejeja]).
j is written before n only after a consonant: 3emju, *a6ju.

1.303 The distribution of /1/ and /t; does not correspond exactly
to the two letiers » anda /t; is always represented by n; but a is regularly
written before e, w and j, where it stands for /l/.1 Thus /bela, beli/,
Gea, 6enu, /lubof/ my6os, /Ilof Mmo, /tel/ tem, /feltonf hemton,
/zele, zelje/ 3ene, 3enje, /tag’a/ nara, /tug'’e/ nyfe, /tovi/ nosu, /bet/
6en, ftotku/ Tony.

1.304 The automatic phonetic unvoicing of voiced consonaiits
in final position is not represented in the spelling, but the letter for
the voiced consonant is used: /grat — gradot/ rpan — rpanotT. How-
ever the similarly automatic change in voicing when a voiced
consonant comes in contact with a voiceless one is noted in the
spelling: /ridot — rit, ritte/ pugot, pum but putue. There are two
exceptions. The letter B is always retained (e. g. /praf — pravec —
prafci/=npaB, npaBey, npaBiyu. The /t/ which is in automatic alter-
nation with the /d/ of related words is spelled with 4, before the suffixes
-Ski, -stven, -stvo,-ct: /gradot — gratski/ rpanoT — rpancKn, /gospoda
— gospoistven/ rocnoja — rocnogcTsBen, /Sosedot — sosetsivo/
coceoT — cocefcTsBo, /predok — pretci/ nmpemok — npemuu. The
final consonant of feminine nouns does not change before the definite
article -fa@: /nadeZi — nadeS, nadeSia/ Haexu, Hanex, Halexra,
/zapovedi’— zapovet, zapovetta/ 3anoBenu, 3anoBen, 3anoBeRTa..

1.305 The prefixes bez-, iz-, raz-, which automatically take on
the form /beS-, iS-, raS-/, before /¢/, are spelled with -c-: /beS¢esten,
iSceStan, raScistam/ OecuecTeH, ucuelinaH, pacuuctam, cf. 1.22611.

1.31 The apostrophe is used to represent the vowel a in dialect
words, e. g. n’T [pot]. In many texts the letters K and f are written
nk’, r’ because the printer does not possess the regular letters. In the
texts of the early post-war years Jb was Often written nj or 2’, and

1 NB: While this spelling is a perfectly adequate means to represent the
two phonemes, it does not correspond to the transcriptions on the preceding

jages eawharn tha fic dAietingsichad marked rathae than tha] In # arslité Ati rere
v Boos WIL LHC & 2O UIOLLII FUISHEG bagsnwu 2Qtilel LalG@it CLI &, BBS trans erarigns

of Macedonian into the Croatian Roman alphabet (Jatinica), the Macedonian
orthography ‘is followed, and the letter n is written /, »=lj, and nj also comes
out Jj, It would be more desirable to use the Slovak letter /’ to represent »;

> e A Pe

then ij would be ufambiguous. Viwocku then is [i’oski, but Cunjar Siijan.

20.

i similarly Hj or H’. The letter s is.sometimes written a3 or 3 for
the same mechanical reason.

1.32 The grave or acute accent may be used to. make a visual
distinction between certain homonyms: cé, cé ’all’, but ce ’they are’,

, 25s , ’ , . . ’ , , | 147
ce 'self?; i, 4 her’, but a ’and’: Hm us’, but wm ’not’. These diacritics

are not used with any regularity.

PROSODIC FEATURES

1.4 The features here treated are configurational, not phonemic.

1.41 Macedonian has no phonemically long vowels. Phonetically,
however, long vowels of.two types occur. The most common is
when two like vowel occur together: /taa/ may be pronounced [ta],
/pée/ [pée], less often [péje] and rarely [pé]. In emotional language,
a vowel under stress is frequently lengthened: this is non-significant.
A similar lengthening may be found in the last (and of course, un-
stressed) vowel in a substantive in the vocative function (cf. 2.160);
e. g. [kuzman] or [kuzmané] ’Kuzman!’ [It is my opinion that this
lengthening is not always present, and that it is non-significant;. but
it is not impossible that it may be a signal marking a word as a
vocative. If it is, then it surely represents a doubling of the phoneme.
Only an analysis of a large body of recorded speech can give the
answer.

Phonetically long consonants represent two identical consonant
.al phonemes [6t:amu]=/ottamu/. (Cf. 1.122).

1.42 The Macedonian stress is non-phonemic, and for the most
part automatically determined: it falls on the antepenult (third-from-
last syllable) of words with three or more syllables and on the first
or-only syllable of shorter words. E. g. Bogénuyap ’miller’, pomein-
yapu ‘millers’. There are, however, exceptions.

Four adverbs of time form minimal contrasts to four nouns
with definite articles: roguudsa ’this year’, 3umdBa ’this winter’, yTpu-
Hapa ‘this morning’, neroBo ’this summer’, are all adverbs expressing
the period in or during which something happened; but the nouns
rOjuHaba, 34MaBa, yTpHvaspa and néTOBO mean ’this (current) year
Winter, morning, summer’. The stress in the adverbial forms is, how-
ever, a special case, and the vowel is Often pronounced long or
doubled. :

1 [t is interesting to note that in the dialect of Porece the lengthening o
the vocative suffix causes the accent to shift, and moreover, seems specificall
to mark a call, while acommand or appeal has no lengthening: Milan! (Caen)

Qasa V $

— Milanee! (call). Cf. Bozo Vidoeski, Poreckiot gover (Skopje, 1959), p. 31.

21

The adverb onpaj ‘scarcely’ is normally stressed on the last
syllable, and certain qualitative and quantitative pronouns may have
alternative accents: e. g. GnkaB, OnKaBa ’of such size’, m. sg., f. sg.
or onkaB, oKaBa (cf. 2.8). Further, the verbal adverb, ending in
-jKu, normally stresses the penult, although many speakers prefer to
accent the antepenult: 360pyRajku, 300pvBajKu. Otherwise, any accent
not on the antepenult (the penult of bisyllabic words) is the mark
of a relatively newly-borrowed word or a derivative from such a
word: suTepaTypa, literature’, muTepaTypen ‘literary’ (m. sg.), muTe-
paTypuHoct ’literariness’. There is often hesitafion in the accentuation
of such words, -and the tendency ae to be to adapt them to the
normal antepenult pattern. All verbs with the suffix -upa may be
stressed on the uw (e. g. Tenetbonnpa ,telephones’), but here too the
tendency is to follow the traditional pattern (TenecbOuupa, but tTese-
(bounpaa, Tesedouupaine).

1.42] A number of words, mostly monosyllabic, have no accent
of their own, but are grouped with another word in an accentual
whole. There are two types; independent, non-accented words which
precede the accented word, and’ enclitics, which follow it. A word
followed by enclitics automatically forms with them a group subject
to the antepenult rule: the stress falls on the antepenult of the whole
group as a unit. The words which precede the normally accented word
may, under certain circumstances, also be part of an accentual group.

1.4211 The stressless words which normally precede the accent
are: the short forms of the personal pronouns (cf. 2.31, 2.311), the
particles Ke and Ou, ga, and the prepositions. The enclitics are: the
forms of the definite articles (cf. 2.41), and the short indirect personal
pronun forms when used with kinship terms to indicate relationship
(cf. 2.31311). The first category (excluding the prepositions) belongs
with verbs, which bear the accent. However if the verb is in the
imperative or the adverbial form, the word-order is reversed, so that
the short pronouns become enclitics, and thus modify the place of
the accent. Enclitics (except the cases just stated) accompany nouns
or adjectives only.

In this book, a horizontal stroke at the bottom of the line (_)
is used {0 indicate that words which are written separately are pro-
nounced as one accentual unit. The stress is indicated by the acute
accent (’) in the grammar and the vocabulary (e. g. Kaj_mene), but
in the three folktales in Part Two (pp. 105-111) by a bold-face letter
(e. g. Kaj_mene).

1 In some dialects, the pronouns may precede the negative imperative. Such
forms are found occasionally in literature: He-mé-nasaj, mMajxo! ‘Don’t give me
(in marriage), mother! :

29

Examples of enclitics:

sonéHuna mill — BomeHHuaTa the mill

cpéKppa mother-in-law — cBekpBaTa, CBekppa_mu the, my
mother-in-law

CHHOBU SONS — CHHOBHTe, CHHOBH_MH the, my sons

Jla4j_-Mu_ro, majTé_mu_ro. Give it fo me.

Bemajkv_my_ro, cu_OTune. Taking it from him, he left.
Examples of stressless words before the accent:

Tdj my_ro_nan. He gave it to him.

Wm_ro_npuKkaxyspane. They told them about it.
Ke_ce_péHya. He will get married.

Caka ma_ce_pénya. He wants to get married.

Cym_my ro-.36n; Cme_my_ro_3éne. J, we took’ it from him.

1.422 When a verb form is preceded by the negative particle
He, the He + the verb, including any elements between them, make up
a single accentual whole, subject to the amtepenult rule. Such a group
may include the forms of the present tense of the verb ’to be’, which
normally have their own accent.

In the relatively rare cases where the verb is monosyllabic,
however, the accent goes only to the penult.

Hé_3nam. J don’t know.

He_um_ro_npukaxysase. They didn’t tell them about it.

He_Kke_cé_Benua. He won't get married.

T6j-He_my—r6_man; T4a He-My_rd_maa, He, she didn’t give it
to him.

He_cym_my-r6é_sex. | didn’t take it from him.

He_cme_my-r6_sene. We didn’t take it from them.

1.423 A question (or an indirect question) containing an inter-
rogative word such as wiTO ’what’, kako ’how’, Kane ’where’, xora
’when’, KonKy “how many’, forms with the verb and any stressless
element between question-word and’verb an accentual unit subject to
the antepenult rule.

Ajme,. wTdo—yekai? Go on, what are you waiting for?

SIene, 1uTO_ma4_npapam? Alas, what shall | do?

A TH, WrO_Ké_KaKeul? And you, what will you say? ©

Kako_Cé_BuKaul? What's your name?

Koj_tu_Benu? Who says so (to you)?

KakO_peye? What (how) did you say?

Konky_napyu Cakaiil? How much money do you want?

Jac He€_BHAMAaBaB Kaj _ ! wasn’t paying attention to where
ra3am. J was stepping.

23

Hé_3Haew TH KaKO_cé_ You don’t know how one sorrows
Kaiw 3a_MOMVHCKO_ for her maiden life.
Bpeme.

JarneHapoT pa3z6pan The charcoal-buraer unterstood
WTO_CaKa MéuKaTa. what the bear wanted.

The verb may however receive the accent if the speaker desires
toZemphazise its meaning. LUito na npapam? ’What shall | do?’

1.424 The conjunction mu ‘and’ normally is stressiess, and goes
with the following word. [1 compound numbers (cf. 2.94), however,
it is regularly stressed, and the following number is unstressed: 1Ba-
yleceT A#_neT 29; TpumeceT uw_mepetT 39, etc. Similarly with non ’half’;
mecel, 4 non ’a month and a half.

1.425 Prepositions are also stressless words, and in the great
majority of cases they simply go with the accent of the substantive or
adjective which follows them. With a personal pronoun, however,
they form an accentnal unit subject to the antepenult rule: 34_nero,
nO_menHe, H4g—nHea (after him, for me, over her).

1.4251 Many prepositions when used with concrete, spatial mean
ings (and in a number of set phrases) form with a non-definite noun
an accentual unit, and may take the accent. ,.Non-definite“ excludes
nouns with definite articles or any other attributes, personal names,
and most place-names. Thus,

To] nanHa O0—1pso. He fell from a tree. (concrete,
spatial meaning, ,,from, down
irom“).

but Cy Hanpasu mya He made a rifle of wood (non-
OL_ILpBo. spatial meaning, ,,of“)

1.4252 This “general statement is subject to a large number oJ
exceptions, and the problem is best treated as a Series of special
cases. We shail discuss it under the heading of prepositions, cf. § 4.

1.426 A noun may form a single accentual unit with the adjec-
tive (+ article) which precedes: HoBa_KyKa ’a new house’, HoBaTa_KyKa
’the new house’. The stress never moves past the definite article,
however, so that one says 6enudt_sug ’the white wall’ (even though
the accent is on the penult of the group). Numerals (+ article)
also may form a group with the noun: néT_nena ’5 days’, aBeTé_paue
*the two hands’. The indefinite numerical expressions also belong to
this category: mHory_naTu ’many times’.

The combination of adjective + substantive under a single accent
is Common to maay, but not all, of the central dialects on which
the literary language is based, and in any case it is not productive.

Such a chift af accent ic Imn ssible if aither tha noun OF adiectiv ve
wWJUuUvVii 4 aaa e Vl GAvcvewlal ao paip JOIVL st Petal eh aa as 4 auye

24

comes from outside the narrow sphere of daily life. Therefore this
usage is not recommended. Conversational practise is extremely varied.
Placenames tend to keep the old accent: Topun—Capaj (a part of
the town of Ohrid), Lippend_Boya (a village near Struga). Often-
used combinations tend to keep the single accent: Kucend_mneKo
soured milk’, cyné_rpoaije ‘dry grapes = raisins’, nepaTd_nora ’the left
foot’, womiatda_noptra ‘the lower door’, Hé_bujle *xuBdA_nywa ‘He
didn’t see a living soul’. Still, one usually hears HOBaTa KyKa, O€NMOT
sum, WONHaTa Bpata. Only with the numbers and perhaps a few fixed
phrases (cyBo_rpoaje) is the er stress widespread in the speech
of Macedonian intellectuals.

1.427 A few frozen formulas preserve accents from an older
period Or a foreign dialect: llomo3n—Bor ’May God help you’ (a greet-
ing, from the church language), cHond}—ay, cet als Bory ’bless Bare

29

CHAPTER Il

MORPHOLOGY

atans ay TNs ahs we

2. The grouping of Macedonian words into various categories
— or their classification according to ,parts of speech” — is accom-
plished for some words on a morphological level, by their different
forms, and for Others On a syntactical level, by their function in the
sentence.

Two major groups are at once apparent: those which may
change in form and those which do not. The changeable words fall
again, into two groups, which we may call verbs and nouns. Verbs
express an action or process, and have a number of forms which
may define the participants in the process and their relation to it.
The nouns are of two types, those which belong to one of three
classes called genders, and those which have forms for all three
genders. The first class comprises the substantives (or nouns in a
narrower sense). Words -having various gender-forms are adjectives
and pronouns. Pronouns are distinguished from adjectives in that they
may not be modified by an adverb.

The words which do not change form at ali are classified by
their functions. Adverbs modify (or determine) verbs, adjectives, or
other adverbs. Conjunctions join words or groups of words together.
Prepositions serve to govern nouns. A few words function as both
adverbs and prepositions. The remaining types of unchanging words
will here be called particles: they include the negating particles,
certain indefinitizers and exclamatory particles or interjections.

In the description of the forms and their meanings to follow,
the nouns (substantives, adjectives, pronouns including definite arti-
cles), the adverbs; and the prepositions will precede ihe most impor-
tant category, the verb. The adverbs are not given a full treatment,
and only a few conjunctions and particles are mentioned; others are

VietoAd te ¢tha worahitlaryu Syntactical nranhlame ara Aternecad = hriofly
Arotuu ii Lie VYWeayiict) © SylitcaVre ccs PAvureitlys aau UIovudoowru wrswtsy

in connection with each morphological category.

Let us state here once again that the forms and usage described
are those of modern literary Macedonian as practised by the leading

writers and codified by the members‘of the Seminar of Slavic ae
guages at the Skopie University. Alternate morphological! forms an

tei aio

syntactical usage can be found even in some of the texts ne
in the second section of this book, but only a few of the more strik-
ing differences will be given notice in our description. Macedonian
is very young as a literary language, and although the major outlines
of morphology:and syntax are pemeeny clear and no longer disputed,

there are many marginal problems wh ich only time can solve
tain eaUaAAL aas 5 eteeGs Vv! Nias a Nee, v nl wid Viuy tyme wu! OVUITY.

Substantives

2.1 Substantives fall into- three classes, traditionally identified as
genders: masculine, feminine and neuter. The gender determines the
shape of adiectival, pronominal, and some verbal forms which
accompany the substantive.

2.111 Masculine substantives may end in -¢,! -a, -o, -e.

The overwhelming majority of masculinee end in-¢, while those
in -o and -e are either personal names,’ or kinship terms, or pejora-
tives with the suffixes -Ko, -70.

rpan, town npetceqHuk president xotTen hotel

BilaguKa bishop cyauja judge Bnaxe Blaze (Blagoja)
TaTKo father memo grandfather Bano Vlado (Viadiinir)
mewKo pot-belly mp3no lazy-bones yuko ,,big-ears”

2.112 Feminine substantives end in -@ or -¢. The number of
feminines in -¢ is limited.

*KeHa Woman ip xXaBa State com salt MOK power

ye.1121 Note that a few substantives in -¢ may be either mascu-
line or feminine:

«KUBOT life mecok sand noT sweat mpasp dust
2.113 Neuter substantives end in -o Or -e:
ceo village KayecTBO quality none field speme time, weather
BOCTaHue uprising, revolt Npawarbe question
Except: 06a time
2.1131 The substantive Bedep ‘evening is, neuter in the greet-

ing noOpo Beyep ‘good evening’, but otherwise feminine: nppa

_Beyep ‘the first evening’.

para
ata

1 The lack of a 1 vowel is the same kind of a signal as the presence of a
vowel. We therefore describe it as a zero vowel, and employ the symbol ¢@ to
indicate its occurrence.

2 Historically, diminutives.

27

2.12 Substantives may change their’ forms to indicate plurality,
to indicate call or appeal (the voOcative),. to indicate ,countedness”,
and to indicate dependency, i. e. that the substantive is not the subject
of the sentence.

2.121 Some substantives rarely or never occur in the Singular:
HOKBH ‘bread-trough’, jac ’manger’, Geusu, raku ‘trousers’, rpamn
*breasts, chest’, Ounsa ‘glasses’, and others. Others, mainly because
of their meanings, do not normally appear in the plural: TwwiuHa
‘quiet, silence’, cnenota ‘blindness’, counjanusam ‘socialism’, and
many others.

. 2.122 A few substantives are singular in form, but are referred to as
plurals; e g. cset in the sense of ’people’.

Bumete 1u ceerToT uiToO cu Look at the people who mind
ja ~2edvadi padorata. their own business

Plurals

2.131 Substantives ending in -¢ normally have the plural suffix
-M. This rule applies to all feminines, nearly all polysyllabic masculines,
and a few monosyllabic masculines:

yeKop ’step’ yeKopu con ’salt’ comu

xoTes ‘hotel’ xorenu HOK ’night’ HOKU
pagoct ’joy’ pagoctu

npcr finger’ npcTu KOH ‘horse’ KOKbu

noct ‘fast’ noctu 3a6 ‘tooth’ sa6u

LupB ’WOrm’ LpBH Max "husband’ maxky

On the addition of this suffix, some stems undergo certain changes:

912171 Masculines in -r .n _v chanao tha final cAnconant to
@reAtriada avaciod AGING B11 aN, 3 > mam EE ey law aa clk Ne Saher Lica

-U, -3, -c, respectively.

BomK ‘wolf? pomuy npeTceguHuK ’president’ NpeTcemHuun
BHYK ‘grandson, nephew’ BHyuH nNOmaTOK ’datum’ nogaToun

Oener ‘mark’ Oenesn OyOper ’kidney’ 6y6pe3n

MUTHHr ’meeting’, MATHH3H Yex ’Czech, Bohemian’ Yecu

Baap ’Vlach, Rumanian’ and cupomas ’poor man’ have the plu-
rals Bnacu, cupomacu.

2.1312 Many masculines in -eC¢,1 a small group in -oC@ and a
few in -aCe@ lose the vowel in the plural:

neTes rooster’ meTau jaser ’knot’ ja3su
nope ‘hunter’ OBL NaKkoT ’eibow’ Waktu
HOKOT ‘finger-, foe-nail’ HOKTH Teatap ’theater’ TeaTpu

?
a

C = any consonant.

28

MetTap ’meter’ MeTpu Herap ’Negro’ Herpu
ONWHOK '(kind of sandal)’ onunuH 3amoK ’castle’ 3amun
WpeoK ‘ancestor’ npenun

FEN ZENG

2.31121 Note the changes in spelling between singular and plural
stems (cf. 1.223, 1.304):

o6pa3zen ’moOdel’ o6pacun Bpadeu ’sparrow’ Bpanuu
BlacTonpxKey ’ruler’ BracTOnMpuuHY
Alternate forms: MoMOK ’fellow’ Momouv/MOMuH,
coKkoa falcon’ coKomH/CoKuM.
Isolated form: mec ’dog’ nun 3

QV aT ae
24919 OD

Nea anhetantserac jn ary Aens thie suffix 2 tir lv:
Ome SuoStantives iff -eiy arOp wis SuTTixX enurery:

cefaHeu ’peasant; villager’ CenaHu
rparanen ’city-dweller, citizen’ rparaHy

2.13131 Some substantive in -aHet, may have plurals both in
-aHH and -anuu: ckonjaten ‘native of Skopje’ cKonjanu/ckonjauim.
The -ayw form normally prevails if it does not conflict with some
other form: e.’g. the natives of Koyanu can only be Kouanitn.

2.1314 Substatives with the singular suffix -un drop it:

rocTuy ‘guest’ roctTu ae Cp6uu ‘Serb’ Cpéu
XpwcThjanhu ‘christian’ xpuctujanu Pycun Russian’ Pycu
Byrapuu ’Bulgarian’ Byrapu @panuy3un ‘Frenchman’ Opanuy3u

2.132 Surnames in -os or’-es take the suffix -uu in the plural:
Munanyunos MunalMHosuy Towes Towesuy

2.133 Isolated forms: The plural of 6pat ’brother’ is Gpaka. The
plural: of yopek ’man’ is normally ayfe ‘people’. As a non-literary
form, YoBeyu is also found. Similarly neyosex ‘brute’ pl. nenyre.
The plural of Typyun ’Turk’ is Typ.

2.134 Most monosyllabic and a few polysyllabic masculines have

the plural suffix -osu, a few have -epu, and a number may have
either:? ;

360p ‘word’ 360poBu TeJb ’wire’ TebOBK

Ary ‘battle’ Anany Anny Trimmhar’? Anaan::

UO] UdltiiC UUUbDN Updo] numoet UpOoc ai

Kyy ’Key’ KIYYOBH/KIyyeBH HOOK knife’ HOKOBM/HOKeBY
uap. tsar, emperor’ iapoBu/iapeBy

With loss of the vowel of the singular:
BeTap/BeTep ’wind’ BeTpoBH oraH/OroH/oruH ‘fire’ OrHoBH
1 In the orthography in use until 1951, forms without Bs were permitted

alternates: knyyou/kayyen.-In poetic language, the contracted endings <ojjej occur:
Kayyoj/Kay4ej. Both types are occasionally used as dialectisms in dialogue.

29

A few substantives have both -u and -opu:

ner Uernec’ OCT DCT ena
apOr Cross Kp ru/Kp TOBU CMOK Snad

mew ’day’ “1Hv/enosu

2.135 Isolated masculine substantives have a plural suffix -nuita:

con ‘dream’ Conuwta/CHnuita maT ‘road’ naTuuta
91251 [Im maet cacac hnaurnuyar mira ha a calilactiva maaning
2.135! !n most cases, 10 Wever, -HiuTa has 4a COnecuve meaning,

and contrasts to a plural in -opn and/or -esu:

pug ‘hill pugzosu “hills, a number of individual hills’
pufuwrta ’hills, a group of hills, a hilly region’
_Kpaj ’end, region’ Kpaesu/Kpanuita

at road’ has a collective natie {NR #¢f ewamoainc) while nar time

a ; mua a 4aCru Ie Yayo PCMAG py WLiLlie tran asnity,
occasion’ has only the plural natn.

2.136 All substantives in -a replace this singular suffix with the

plural -u:

Kena ’woman’ xXeHu pasa ‘state’ RpxKaBsn
BO}BOMa ’VOyvOda’ BO}BOLH

2.13601 Note that -j- before the suffix is lost in the plural if
preceded by a vowel (cf. 1.222).

ORaja ‘room’ omau cymuja judge’ cyaun
(but 3emja ‘Jand’ 3emju, Munja ’mile’ munju)
2.1361 The plurais of nora ’foot, leg’ and paka ’hand, arm’ are
irregular: HO3e, pate.
; 2.1362 The masculine wypa ’wife’s brother’ has the plural
inlypeBn.
2.137 Masculize personal names may have plurals in -epuyn or
-opun, although the forms are rare:

Jietap ’Peter’ Metrposun Bnaxke Bnaxkesuy
Munan Munanosau Vnuja Anujesun

Such forms are ambiguous, for they are identical with the plurals of
family names in -op/-ep (cf. 2.132).

2.138 Substantives in -o replace this singular suffix by the plural
-a if they are neuter, or by -opun if masculine:

ceno ’villge’ cena eno ’grandfather’ qen0BuN

2.1381 Irregular forms: oxo ’eye’ O4M, yBO ‘eat’ yiliv, KHBOTHO
animal’ »*«uBOoTHH. PamMO OF paMeHo © 'shoulder’ has the plurals pamerma.
nd pamMenulH.

nd

30

2.139 Substantives in -e replace this singular suffix by the plural
-uiba if neuter (excepting those in -te, -ve, -ue and -uuite), or -eBun if
masculine:

mMope ‘sea’ MODHIbA . Bpeme ’time’ BpemMuiba

nipace ’piglet’ Mpacutha ' Brake Braxkesun

2.1391 Neuters in -the, -ve, -ue and -nuiTe have plurals in -ta, -Hja,
-ua, -MWwTa.

Tipawatbe question’ Npawata 3acesanve session’ 3acenannja
Cpue ’heart’ cpa _ suue "face, person’ nnuua
Oouwte battlefield’ Gonuita xeHnwrTe big woman’ xKenuwTa

2.1392 Special cases: jape ’kid’ has beside normal japvtba also
japnywita. Jarne ‘lamb’ has ‘beside jarnutba also jaranua. Tene ’calf’
has Tenvtha/tenun. [ete ’child’ has the plural meua. The new loan-
words cwxé ’plot, subject’, knuweé ‘cliché’ and atawé ‘attaché’ may
take the masculine plural suffix -u, retaining the foreign accent, or
may have the neuter -vtha and native accent: cuxén, kKnuweén, araulén
OY CWKHiba, KNMWHHba, aTauiutba.

2.14 Beside the regular plurals, many substantives (usually mas-
culines in -4, feminines in -a and neuters in -o) may take the suffix’
-je, which has a collective meaning.

Knac ear (Of grain)’ KnacoBu KNacje
no3a ’grapevine’ no3n nosje
nepo ‘feather’ nepa nepje

2.141 Upon the addition of this suffix, certain changes take
place in some stems:

Tj) — K pa6ota pa6orTu paboke ’thing, affair’
]).— ® sguBaya nuBany nuBafe 'meadow’

Hj — FORMHA FOMUNH rOoRvibe year’

CT} — Cj} mucT aucToBK nucje leaf

3} — 3] rpo3m rpo3szoBu rposje ’grape’

Not indicated in the spelling is the change AS lj:

Kpvio Kpuna Kpunje = krito krita krilje (cf. 1.221).

2.1411 From these forms in -je (-Ke, -Fe, -tbe, etc.) some nouns
make a second plural in -a: knacje knacja, no3je no3ja. Such forms
do not differ in meaning from the normal plurals.

There are a few exceptions. Thus no3u means ’vines’, and the collective
fozje may mean ‘vines’ or ’vineyard', but so3ja means oily ‘vineyards’.

2.142 A few substantives have only -je forms, in which case the
meaning is simply plural.
TpH ‘thorn’ tpibe Gpyt ’spike’ Gpyke KocTen ’chestnut’ KocTetbe.
TInameu ’flame’ has both nnametbe and mnametba.

31

,»Countedness“

2.15 Masculine substantives may take an optional suffix -a, indi-
cating that the noun follows a ene definite or indefinite: . ‘
meu ‘day’ cenym flena.’!] days’ NekOJKy ena ‘several days
The stem usually undergoes the changes enumerated above (cf.
2.1312).
netTen netTla MeTap MeTpa but: nec neca (pl. nuy).

Vocative

2.16 The vocative indicates a call or appeal. Its form shows parti-
cularly great variation in the contemporary language, and no attempt
will be made here to list all alternates for specific nouns. Only cer-
tain masculine and feminine nouns have vocative forms, and only
in the singular. The chief manner of indicating that a given word or.
phrase is vocative (aside from the speech situation itself) is by -tone
of voice (as in English), and Macedonian also makes wide use of
several vocative particles.

2.161 Masculine substantives.

2.1610 Most masculine substantives occur in vocative functioi
without any suffix, and with the suffixes -e and -y:?

OpatT, Opate, OpatTy ‘brother!’

2.1611 There are a few general restrictions which may be sum-
marized as follows.

2.16111 Substantives in -u, -0, -e, and personal names in -a, -kK,
-r do not have suffixed forms.

nepeu ’singer’ Makegoneu ’Macedonian’ enzo ‘grandiather’
tate ‘father’ Muse, WUnuja, Wcak, lpempar

2.16112. Many substantives never take -e, but usually have -y
(Or they may Occur without suffix.)

Such are nouns ending in -u, -%, -], -K, -r.

KOU ‘basket’, rpolw 'small coin’, ex ‘hedgehog’, nax ’liar’,

Kpaj ‘country’, cnape] ‘nightingale’, Bpar ‘devil’, npar ’threshold’,

BHYK ‘grandson’, 3ajak ‘hare’ — VOC. KOLy, rpoOlwy, exy, WaxKy,

Kpajy, CJlaBejy, Bpary, Mpary, BHYyKY, 3ajaky.

Also most monosyllabic masculines and a group of substantives
which have diminutives in -e: e. g.

Ope — Openy/opnry, Dim. opne neten —nereny/netny, Dim..

nerTwe.,
1 -Althou gh ‘this form ith is histo rically a dual, and in related languages al iS
restricted to the numerals 2, 8, 4, there is no restriction in "Vieteedonian: the

plural and this “counted” form are in free variation. The term dual (QBOHHCKa
Popma) used by Mac. grammarians is a PleeueA

See 1.41 and note on the fe: ngth ing of the final vowe | in the vocative.

32

2.16113 Normally with -e are only these monosyllabic mascu-
lines (cf. above):

6pat ’brother’, rpag ‘city’, rag ’vermin’, 3eT brother-in-law’,

uap ,king’, Kym ’godfather’, KmeT village head-man’, non ’priest’,

cBaT ‘in-law’, cuH ’son’, cya ’court’, wap ’tsar’, pog ‘family, race’.

Also: nouns in -HuK, whose final consonant s replaced by -4-:
NOJIKOBHUK colonel’ NonKOBHuYe.

aluja ayu *hadZi, pilgrim’ yopOayuja yop6ayn ’rich man’
2.1613 Special cases. —

6or — 6o0xe ’God’

Apyrap — Opyxe/mpyrape/apyrap ‘comrade’
4yoBeK — 4OBeye ’man!’, but uyoBeky! ’husband’
rocnoyx — rocnoyn/rocnone ‘lord’

cTapeu — CTapeu/cTapye ’old man’

mecell — Meceu/Meceye/meceye ’month’

2.162 All feminines in -a may have a vocative in -o, except
that personal names in -ka and nouns of more than two sylilabies in
-ia have -e: ,

*eHa #KeHO wife’ PatKa PatTke CtTojka CTOjKe
Umka Umke flannua JlaHuue Munuua Munuue
nucuua Hcuue. fox’ NacTOBulla NacToBuye ’swallow’

2.1621 Majka ‘mother’ and Tetka ‘aunt’ often have ihe forms
Majke, TeTKe, which have a hypochoristic sense.

Dependent forms

2.17 Masculine personal names and substantives indicating de-
fined male relatives may have in the singular a special form indi-
cating dependence, that is that the substantive is not the subject of
the sentence.

2.171 Nouns in -¢ or -u add -a, nouns in -o replace it by -a,
and nouns in -e add -Ta:

e
eA TS

Crojay Kpym cui (mu, TH) TaTKO CnaBKo Baaxe Topftu
CTojaHa Kpyma cuHa (Mu, TH)? TaTKa CnaBKa Bnaxeta Toptuja

1 Note that the kinship terms do not take the definite article here, but are
defined by the. short. indirect form of the personal pronouns. A noun with defi-
nite article cannot take the dependency suffix.

In dialects, certain-other masculines may have this dependent form; cf. in
the folksoig on page 142 npea kota.

3 Macedonian grammar 33

2.172 These forms may be used when the noun is the direct
object, follows a preposition, or foliows ihe words eBe, eTe, eHe.

[la Bu ro npeTcTaBaM CHHa MH May | present to you my

Bnaxera. son Blaze.

Toj:cu oTume Ha Kaj ManKa He has gone to Panko
Bucepuua. Biserin’s.

Liumutpa Munaguyosa ro We already have mentioned
cnNomeHaBMe BeKe eLHalll. Dimitar Miladinov once.

Ene ro Topfuija! There’s George!

Frequently the absolute form is used in such cases, and the

same name in the same text (Or conversation) may appear in various
forms:

TBOPeEWITBOTO Ha PajKa the works of Rajko
KuH3sumoBa Zinzifov

MecHuTe Ha Pajko JKuH3u@0B the poems of Rajko
Zinzifov

on Kouctautuna MunaHnos
npen, KoxctantuHa Mutaguuopa.

Adjectives

2.2 Adjectives have no gender of their own, but- change their
form to indicate the gender Of the substantives which they modify.
There are four forms; masculine, feminine and neuter singular, and
a Single plural form.

2.21 The masculine form ends in zero (i. e. a consonant fol-
lowed by zero), the feminine has the suffix -a, the neuter -o, and the
plural -u.

rojem, ronema, Tronemo, royemn 'big’

2.211. Many adjectives which have an -e, -o, Or -a before the

final cOnsOnant lose this vowel before the other suffixes.

no6ap noOpa po6po o6pn ’g00d’

CuyleH CHIHA CHIHO CHINN strong’

MNUTOK MIMTKa NIATKO NIMTKH shallow’

nonmon nowna noano nonnn *base, despicable’

2.212 Other changes may accompany the loss of this vowel.

Change in voicing: cnaoK cnaTKO ’Sweet’ TeKOK TewWKO ’heavy’
HH30K HHCKa ‘low’
sin—n MeCTeH MecuHa ‘local’
nn—n _ KaMeHeH KaMeua ’of, stone’
Note the reappearance Of a j in the spelling when the vowel
is lost:
MOCTOeH JOCTOjHAa ’worthy’

34

2.221 A relatively small group of adjectives ends in -n in the
masculine form; nearly always they have the suffixes -cku, -tUKM, ~4KH.
This -v is dropped before the inflectional adjectival suffixes.

MaKeJLOHCKH, M@KeJLOHCKa, MaKe ]LOHCKO "Macedonian’
MalIKH, M@llKa, M@lKO, MalLlKH ‘male, masculine’

2.222 Ordinal numbers normally end in -u (cf. 2.94).
2.223 The -v of the masculine may appear with any adjective
which modifies a noun in the vocative.

yeCcTUTH wape ‘honorable tsar” Musin Gpate ‘dear brother’

2.224 It appears also in a piimber of place names, Often with
the adjectives ropHu ‘upper’ and nonHu “lower’: PopHu Monor, Jlonuu
Capaj. It is regular with saints’ names: cBetw Knument, CBetu Hukona.t
Otherwise it may appear with the adjectives nyctu, KYTPM, in the
meaning ‘damned, pitiful’.

2.23 The two adjectives suwu ‘higher’ and Hux ‘lower’ have
-v in the masculine and -e in the neuter: Bulle, HWDKe.

Buwe yunsuute upper school’ HuxKe NoNOKeHve ‘lower situation”

Comparison

2.241 To express a greater degree Of the quality expressed by
the adjective, the prefix no- is added:

noGap nozoOap goOpa nogo6pa nonoodpo _’better’
y6GapB noyOaB yOaBa noy6aBa nNoyOaBo _ 'prettier’

2.2411 These same forms may also be used when there is. no
direct comparison. The English translation in such cases is_,,rather,
fairly, relatively“.

NoronemutTe mnanvny BO The rather high mountains (moun-
- Makemouuja ce... tains whose height is of some
significance) in Macedonia

ANG ss:

2.242 To express the superlative degree, the prefix Haj- is added:?

apeH HajapeH apHa HajapHa HajapHo ’most beautiful’
jamap Hajjanap janpa Hajjanpa Hajjanpu ‘firmest, boldest’

1 When part of a place-name, the word cser “holy, saint’ is capitalized,
otherwise it is ‘not.
2 Structurally, mo and naj are adverbs; cf. note to 3.11.

9942 To express an extreme or excessive degree (not directly
2.2°5O tiUW woop th NS SL en eer aa we wee wei vu MYBELL XK aye NALD CCuy
S

r iS i
compared with something else), the prefix mpe may be used:

Maj! NpeMan Mala NpeMana Npemao Npemaanu ’extremely small,
too small’

2.29 There is a group of words, mostly of Turkish origin (or
at leact borrowed throush Trrbich\ wathich Ara substantives bet subiels
Gt 46G5e vu v¥ Span tg A oayZ Wate AIC SUuUOIdItiVvVCS, OU Wioici

usually appear in the predicate, with a meaning that is essentially
adjectival. They may also, although rarely, function as attributes:

TO} e ayamuja YOBeK. He is an immature person, an
Immature sort of person.
TOj ‘e ayamuja. He’s immature.

This type of word may be modified by ‘no and naj; noayamuyja,
Hajavamuja. Compare:
jyHax ’hero’ LLTo jyHak Kepka wmane. What a heroic daughter
they had!

Toj e nojynak om Te6e. He is more heroic (more
of a hero) than you.

raBpon ‘devil’ MHory e faBon Toa Jlenye! That Lenée (a girl) is

very sly!
Koj e noraron on Tefe? Who is slyer than you!
yOBeK ’man’ Toj e ceMak MNoyoBek. He is, after all, more
human.

With such words it is possible to pun:
VM jac Tpx, ama u Toj norpk! -/ am a Greek, but he’s even cleverer!

PRONOUNS

2.3 Pronouns cannot have adjectives or adverbialized adjectives
(cf. 3.1) as modifiers. The roots of all pronouns have a grammatical
meaning: the meanings themselves are formalized. For example, )ou
means: ,,second person: person being addressed”. Formally, many
pronouns are closely related to (or identical with) adjectives.

The personal pronouns in Macedonian have forms entirely distinct
from those of all other categories. In meaning, they refer to the
participants in the speech-situation, ¢. g. jac ’I’ (=the speaker). They
-are parailelled by a set of slightly irregular adjectival forms, which
function in every way like adjectives (except that they cannot be
modified by an adverb). but have the meaning ‘belonging to the Ist
(2nd, ‘3rd, general) person’. They may be termed pronominal adjec-
tives: e. g. MO] ‘my’ (=belonging to the speaker).

36

Demonstrative pronouns refer to persons or things whose position
in space Or time is related to the speech situation. The definite arti-
cles are a special subdivision of the demonstrative pronouns in Mac-

v

Stee - Oe See

edonian.

_ Interrogative pronouns refer to persons or things enquired about.
They serve alone or as attributes. There is a parallel pronominal
adjective unj belonging to whom?’

Relative MeAnAnAe Arriier in complex sentences and refer hac
. \GCbULLYO pl ESE ELSE VYeELUL tht ane be CA GOLEM, ati wows ves ar
to a person or thing already mentioned. Formally they are identical
with, Or closely related to, the interrogative pronouns.

Indefinite pronouns refer to things generally known or completely
negated. Related forms serve as adjectives. E. g. Hexoj ‘’sOmeone’
cekoj ‘everyone’, HUKOj ’NO One’.

2.31 Personal pronouns express three persons, the speaker (first
person) the addressee (second person), and a person or persons who
is (are) neither (third person). Each person has a singular and a
plural form, and the third person singular has gender forms for mas-
culine, feminine and neuter. Besides the absolute form, personal pro-
nouns have two types of dependent (non-subject) forms, one Of which
we shall call simply dependent and the other indirect. The dependent
forms have two different shapes, lorg and short, and also a combi-
nation of the two, doubled.

Absolute Depeiident indirect
long short long short

Ist sg jac MeHe Me MeHe MH | (me, to me)
2nd sg TH Te6e Te Te6e TH you
3rd sg m TOj/on |} { he (him, to him)

n Toa/ono f Hero ro Hemy MY ) it — z

f Taa/oHa Hea ja Hej3e H she (her, to her)
Ist pl ive Hac We iam iw we (us)
end pl Bie Bac Be BaM BK you
3rd pl THe/OHH HHB rH HuM uM _ they (them)

The 2nd sg is normally used when speaking to a single person, the 2nd
plural when speaking to more than one person. Many intellectua's and city-
dwellers have, however, adopted from Serb an the general European custom of
using the 2nd plural as a polite form of address when addressing one person.
in such case, the 2nd singutar is reserved for relatives and intima'e friends,
children and social infcriois.

37

The forms TOj, Taa, Toa are used by some speakers, and on,
Ona, OHO by others. There is no semantic contrast.

2.311 The short forms of the 3rd person pronouns must always
be used when there is a definite direct or indirect object. Definite” means:
a proper noun, a substantive with definite article, or a previously
mentioned noun modified by a demonstrative pronoun. These short’
forms thus serve to make clear that the function of the noun is that
of direct or indirect object. The short forms are normally unstressed,
and form with the verb which follows a single accentual group. If the
verb is negated, and has less than three syllables, the stress may fall
on the pronoun. The pronouns follow imperatives ard verbal adverbs,
and in this position are enclitic. (Cf. 1.4211, 1.422).

2.31101 The indirect short form regularly follows the direct, if
they occur together. The particles He, Ke, 6n, and ma precede the
short forms, and so do the forms of the auxiliary verb ’to be’
When used with the I-participles (cf. 24.02).

lo_pa36upau mepayort? Do you understand the singer?
To. rnéaul MORMBOT? . Do you see the pencil?
pyrapoT Mutpe He_rod_rienam. 1! don’t see comrade Mitre.
Mu_ja_naqoa cmetTKarTa. They gave me the bill.
Jlajré_my_ia KowyaTa. Give him the shirt.

3emajku_ro KHHBYeTO, H3Ne3e. Taking the slip of paper, he left.
The short forms are also used with epe, eTe, ene.

Ese_ro Kpyme(Ta). Here’s Krume.
Esé_tn_ro! Here it is (for you)!
Erte_ro KalleTo rope. There’s the fortress up there.

2.31102 The long forms are used together with the short forms
when particular emphasis is desired, and may stand alone when the
verb is omitted.

To_pasOupawt Hero? Do you unterstaiid Aim?
Koro ro-6adpawm? Hero. Who are you looking for?
Him.

1 Note that although we give the meaning ’he’ for toj/ou, ‘she’ for
taa/ona, and “it? for roayouo, the translation depeids on the situatio:i: he in
English means ’member of the male sex’, she ’member of the female sex’, it sexless
thing’. Toj on, however, means ‘object represented by masculine substantive’ e. g.
cron (table), pacon (cabbage), jyHak (hero) — English would say it for the first
two and fe only for the last. Taa cna similarly means ‘object represented by
feminine.noun’, e. g. Necua (Song), NaxKnua (spoon: KpaBa (cow). But of course
when referring specifically to ‘person of the female sex’, one uses taa/oHa: even
Taa e nujannua She is a drunkard’ (although nujanuua is a masculine noun).
Oua e OATOBOpHHOT pemaktop Ha ,Hopa Maxeaotnja” ‘She is the editor-in-chief

of Nova Makedonija.’

38

Hemy My_ro_jajos. | gave it to him.

My_—ro_lamosp nvucmeHuetTo | gave the note to Aim, not
HemMy, a He Hejze. to her.

Ham HUUWITO He_HA_peue. He said nothing to us.

Espe_me Meue. Here / am.

Cera Ke_nduHelw 4 Hero Now you’re going to start
aMu_ro_damuus! praising him too to me!
Tocnone, ja HUB 3aHéMH_rh, Lord, either make them dumb

ja mene OryBu_me, camo or me deaf, only Jet me not

Wa—He_ja_culywiam OBaanecna! hear that song!
The long forms are used with prepositions. (Note the shift of accent.)

cO_uea ‘with her’ HH3_Hero ‘through it’
KOH_HHMB ‘toward them’

2.31201 There is also a set of dependent forms with the meaning
*subject of sentence’, i. e. ’self, myself, yourself, himself’, etc. This
is called the reflexive pronoun. The dependent forms are ce6e and
ce, indirect ce6e, cu. The dependent form ce6e may be replaced by
the emphatic ceGecn.

Toj 360pyspa cam co ceGecu. ‘He talks to himself.’
In the Jong form the indirect ce6e normally is replaced by Ha ce6ecu.

Toj cu peye na ceGecnu.... He said do himself....

2.31202 The intensive pronoun cam (cama, camo, Camu) means
‘self, oneself, himself, herself, yourself, ourselves’. It is adjectival in
form, aid normally has the definite article (a usage impossible in
English).

Cam Kora Ke ce ypu yoReK He- When a man himself hits him-

KakKO KaKO mOMaKy Oo self it somehow seems to
OTKOJIKy yupyr Kora Ke Te hurt less than when another

yapu. hits you.
B orsiefaloO 3aka4eHo Ha SHOT In a mirror hanging on the
Mune ce Buse Camuor. wall Mile saw himself.

Tloeror ce onutTa ja omee He- The poet tried to sing about
WUITO WTO He e NMpexkuBeno something which had not
WCKpeHO OJ, CaMMOT Hero. been experienced sincerely

by him himself (i. e. which
he himself had not... expe-

rienced).
2.315 A set of adjectival forms which have some slight irregu-
larities expresses the meaning ‘belonging to the speaker, to the ad-
dressees, to the person spoken about’. In the neuter form of the Ist and

2nd personal possessive adjectives, the suffix is -e (for the normal

39

-0), and in the “masculine form of the 3rd p rson plural possessive
adjective there is always the suffix -n.

Singular
m f n pl
(jac) MOj MOja moe MOU
(TH) TBO} TBOja TBOe TBOH
(refl.) CBO} CBOja cBoe CBOM

TOj\/OH
ae ot Heros HeroBa HeroBo HerOBH

i ete fran e

(Taa/oHa) Wej3HH Hej3HHa | He}ZHHO Hej3HHH

Plural
(Hne) Haul Haia Hae Hal
(Bue) Baul Bala Balle Baulu
(THe/OHW) HMBHW* HMBHa HHBHO HUBHU

2.3131 Normally these adjectives are definite, and take the article:
MOjoT pe@epaT ’my report’, BauweTO mepo ’your pen’. However they
may also be used with phrases which are in themselves a definition,
and therefore do not require an article: Co pawé nepo e nanuWaHo
It’s written with your pen (not just with any pen, but with a pen which is.
yours)’, Tue umaat cBou noceOun wen ’They have their special aims
(i. e. aims which are theirs, which have not yet been mentioned or
explained to the person addressed)’.?

2.31311 With kinship terms, the possessive adjectives may be
teplaced by the short indirect personal pronoun forms (mu, TH, CH,
etc), which follow the substantive as enclitics: mojata majKa= mMajKa
Mu: ’my mother’, Heropata HeBecTa = HeBScTa_my ‘his bride’, Hel3MHuOoT
CBaT = cCBaT M her relative by marriage’. The longer expressions
with the adjectives emphasize the possession somewhat more than
do the short forms.®

2.4 The demonstrative pronouns are:

mf n pl

OBOj OBaa OBa oBHe ’this’ (close to Speaker)
TOoj Taa toa Tue ’this, that’

OHO] OHaad OHa OHHe ’that’ (distant from speaker)

?

1 uugex does exist, but is avoided.

2 One frequently hears kyKaTa Moja, nepoTO Bawe and the like, but this
word-order is considered non-literary.
3 Note that with the short pronouns used as possessives, the noun is not
articulated. Expressions such as kyka MW Or KyKaTa Mu are found in certain
dialects (particularly in the east), but in the literary language only kinship terms
can be used in this construction.

40

Toj is general, while the other two have more explicitly defined
meanings. If contrasted to opoj, TOj indicates 'less close to speaker’,
while in contrast to OHOj it means ‘less distant from speaker’

Normally there are no dependent forms:

Yo raeqaw 14 OHO}? Do you see that one?
My—ro_faie ta TO}. He gave it to that one.

It is possible, however, to use the dependant forms onera and
opera for the masculine: To rnemaut nu Oxera?! The forms Hero and
Hemy Of course belong to the third personal pronoun, one form of
which is To}. :

‘These same forms function as attrib

itacs
A @sawedrw wv aaa aaa tia twos

OBO] MOCT, Taa \aMmuja, ‘this bridge, that mosque,
OHa OpIo _ > that mountain there’

2.410 As the personal pronouns have short, unstressed forms for
non-emphatic use, so the demonstrative pronouns have short forms.
which are usually called definite articles. They are enciitics and can
be termed suffixes. The forms are:

' -(W)OB -Ba -BO -Be ‘the’ {close at hand)
-(UjOT -Ta -TO -Te the’
-((MJOH -Ha -HO -He ‘the’ (at a distance).

The meaning of these suffixes is that of the three demonstrative
pronouns, but weakened - that is, they show that the noun which they
accompany is identified as previously mentioned or generally known.
The long forms (i. e. the demonstrative pronouns) are themselves a
definition. Sometimes both will be found together: oxvne jpsjero
‘those trees Over there’, oBue Hawuse ‘these fellows of ours’, Ce
OOUNLOB a FO HaCMeaM OHO} NpokeT Oyana — Overa BO NpBHOH
pex ‘I tried to make that damn fool laugh — the one there in the

?

first row. ,

_ 2.411 The short forms (the definite articles) are distributed as
follows:

Adjectives ending in -¢ take -votT/-voB/-noH.*
Masculine substantives in -¢ and singular adjectives in -v take
-OT/-OB/-OH.

1 This usage is not infrequent in the literature, but is considered a dia-
lectism. The use of the indirect form onemy is extremely rare, and opemy is a
decided dialectism.

‘ 2 {ft would be possible to make a different description: masculine adjectives
could be defined as ending in -4, which disappears except after -ck, -1ukK, -4¥K OF
before the definite articles.

41

Feminine substantives in -¢ and all nouns in -a take -Ta/-Ba/-Ha.
All nouns in -e or -o take -T0/-Bo/-HO.?

All numerals not ending in -a and all substantives and plural
adjectives in -u take -Te/-Be/-He.

Mali *small’ MaJIMOT MaJIHOB MaJIVOH
3260p ‘word’ 300poT 300poB 300pP0H
MaKenOHCKH ’Macedonian’ MakeOHCKHOT MaKeJLOHCKHOB
MaKeJLOHCKHOH
con salt’ conta conBpa COnHa
HOK night’ HOKTa HOKBa HOKHa
*KeHa "woman’ *KeHaTa %eHaBa Kenana
cena villages’ cenatTa cenara cejlaHa
Sypxoa (m.) ’bourgeois’ OypxodTa OypxodBa OypxKOaHa
cyquja judge’ cymujaTa cyjujaBpa cyMjaHa
TaTKO father’ TaTKOTO TaTKOBO, TaTKOHO
TaTe ‘daddy’ TaTeTO TaTeBO TaTeHO
MP3J10 ‘lazy-bones’ Mp3NOTO. MPp3IOBO Mp3JIOHO.
nyre - ‘people’ nyteTo nyfeso ny FeHO
rodutbe years’ TODMHeTO TOMMHeBO FODUHeHO

300poBh, HOKH, FORMHU, TaTKOBLU — 300poBHTe, HOKUTe, ro-
AMHUTe, TAaTKOBLLNTE etc.

Thus the -ot/-os/-on suffix is a positive indication that the word is a
masculine singular substantive; if an -u- precedes the suffix, the word is m. sg.
adjective. The -re/-Be/-He forms specifically note plural. The -ta and -to forms
are ambiguous.

2.41101 Adjectives whose stem differs in the masculine from
other forms (cf. 2.211, 2.212) add the -uoT suffixes to the non-mas-
Cculine stem.

moOap, moOpa — ZOOpuoT MOGpHoB LOOpnon, WoOOpata, nOOputTe
apeH, apHa — apHHOT KaMeHeH, KaMe€Ha — KaMCHHOT
MeCTeH, M@€CHAa — M@CHHOT OCTOeH, WOCTOjHa — WOCTOJHHOT

2.41102 Ver
the article.

Feminines in -ct drop the -r: pagoct, pamocta, panocsa (ci.
1.224, note).

Masculines in -CaC may drop the vowel: Teatap Teatpot, MeTap
MeTPOT, PpeasIM3aM peau3mor.” ,

y few substantives undergo a chanse in stem before
J iw v¥ byeceipen NW imwe SBS” el ww Ph akae Le ta wJiwal ywilvVi wu

1 The new loanword uutepsjy ‘interview’ may have HHTepRjyTO Or HHTep-
Bjyot, but both forms are avoided if possible.
2 Although the new suffix -13am officially should lose the -a- before the

ce ee

pede co on on Sta Aw ewe eta sl,: nc aaa resem gms bw fe wae?
article, common usase persistently has -H13aMoT., €. g. TypH3amo7T ‘tourism’.

BeTap ’wind’ BeTpoT (but BpeTep BeTepor)
oraH/oron ‘fire’ OrnOT (but OrvH OrHHOT)
nakoT ‘elbow’ aKTOT

HOKOT ‘fingernail’ HOKTOT

2.412 When a substantive is preceded by an adjective or several
adjectives, the article goes with the first word in the group: wenaTa
cana ‘the whole room’, cBouTe UpHH, CNeyeHH uw pacnyKaHH Kako
comyH pane ‘his dark hands, burned and cracked like a loaf of rye
bread’, nosruse rogutbe ‘the long years’.

2.413 In translation into English, the -t- forms nearly always
correspond to English ‘the’. With the -B- and -H- forms, the context
determines whether the element of pointing is sufficiently strong to
warrant the use of ’this’, ’that’ or ‘that over there’ in English. Often
it is purely a matter of idiom. For instance the -B- forms are common
with the possessive Haul: BO HawaBa KyKa ’in Our house’. The -n-
forms are Often best translated ’the... there’: cenatia Ha ropana ’the
villages on the mountain there’.

2.414 Macedonian has no indefinite article, corresponding to English ”a,
an”, Occasionally, however, the numeral ‘one’ (emeu, entia) is used ina weakened
sense which is best,translated by means of the English indefinite article.

2.91 The interrogative pronoun Koj? ’who’ refers to persons,
and uiTo ‘what?’ to non-persons. Koj has the general dependent form
koro and the indirect form xomy. Both are .normally accompanied
by the short forms ro or my when used as direct or indirect object.

Koro ro Buyoste? Whom did you see?

Komy my ro jpanoa? Who did they give it to?

Kaj Koro XuBeew? With whom (ai whose home) do you live?
LITO wmaw?” What do you have?

Co wWTo nuwyspaw? With what are you writing?

Sometimes the indirect form Komy is replaced by ua Koro: Ha koro My ro
janoa? Such forms are admitted as literary, but considered unnecessary. Ha Koj
is also found, but is a dialectism.

2.511 The combination Koj opyr? ’who else’ may be considered
as a special compound interrogative. The dependent form is koro
upyr or Koro gpyrero, but the absolute form may be used instead.

Koj upyr JbyOam ocsen Te6e? Whom else do! love except you?

Ta LORD 197 WAAR THAwrann And io Raecnrewral Palen ed mx ER Patent ox
aA KUIO Jat viniam TpPYrero ANG Whom GSE ad i nave
OcBeH TeOe? except you?

Ama 3a Koro —pyrero ako He But for whom else if not for you?

2a Tain
oa ICU.

43

- 2.511 The forms Koj Koja xoe (NB) Kon ’which one/s/?’ ‘may
also function as adjectives ’which?’: Koja e pallaTa kyKka? Which
one is your house? Koja xyka e Bawa? Which house is yours? Koj
KeHep BU cayxKu? Which waiter is serving you? Co Kou nena
urpaaT? With what children are they playing?

2.922 So also the forms 4uj ynja que uuu ‘whOse?’

Unj e ogo] myKau? Whose is this store?
Unj dyKay-e Opa? Whose store is this?

_2.53 The invariable form wro may be used as an exclamatory
qualifying attributive, modifying substantives or adjectives:

[Uto xKena! What a woman!
- Ulro y6asn oun! What beautiful eyes!

2.60 The two interrogative pronouns Koj (koro, KOomy) and WTO
function also as relatives, as does the adjectival interrogative Koj
KOJa KOe KON. Besides these there are the compound forms KoOjwrTo:
(KOTOWTO, KOMyITO) KOjalTO, KOemITO, KOMWTO and the compounds
Of 4H}: Yn|WTO, YujaLwTO, YnellTO, yuuwToO. The forms Koj, wrTo,
yuj also function as interrogatives; only the compounds koOjuiTo etc.
are Specifically relative.

2.601 Most generally used is wto, which can stand for any sort
of antecedent:

)Kenata wro Oeulle oBle The woman who was here left a
OCTABH TiiCMO. - letter.

jlerero wroro cperHaBmMe e The child whom we met is the
CHHOT Ha MOJOT apyrap. son of my friend.

@Mopmute Wro rH uMa rna- The forms which the verb pos-
rONOT ce CnemHHBe. ~ sesses are the following.

Note in the“last two examples that since the wro stands for a
definite direct object, the short object pronoun jis required before
the verb. ;

2.602 With a preposition, however, the forms of Koj are preferred:

Toa e Kura 6e3 KOja He This is a book without which I
MOXaM ya padotTamM. cannot work.

Oxoj men, 3a Koro cakam This day, about which | want to
Ila Bu pacKaxkaM .. tell vou: 2.

2.603 Kojuito.is normally employed only in places where wTo
alone might be ambiguous.

Mnaguuata WTO MacoBO yyeCcTByBalue Ha KOH dbepenunjata,
UITO CBeo4W 3a Hej3MHaTa BUCOKa CBeCT, HaNperuaTO ja cue-
mewe QHCKYCujaTa, WTO Oewe MHOry Bakua.

44

In the latter two instances, wTO is ambiguous: ’The young people
who participated in masses in the conference, which (fact? or con-
ference?) testifies to their high. conscience, tensely followed the dis-
cussion, which (conscience or. discussion?) was very important.’ If
the first uwitTo is replaced by Kojauwito (=Mmusaguna), the second re-
mains and fairly clearly means ‘the fact that’, and the third is then

replaced by Kojawro ( = QUCKYCHja).
2.61 Unjuito indicates possession:
CurypHoO ro no3HaBaul muca- Surely you know the writerwhose

TesIOT 4YHMWITO MecHu Meat songs those girls are singing.
OBHe JeBOjKH.

2.62 In adjectival function, only Koj Koja Koe KOU are used:

He 3HamM BO KOj qdusim Taa | don’t know what film she
urpaule. played in.

2.63 The use of the various possible relative pronouns has given rise to

-much discussion; here we have given the recommended usage. € observant
reader will find contradictory examples in Macedonian prose.

2.64 Note that Koj and wto often function with the meaning ’he
who’ or ‘that which’ — they represent someone or something to be.
defined in the same statement:

Koj Nps ke nojne, npp Xe cBputu. He who comes first will finish
first.

fla e 3]paB KOj e KMB. May he who is alive be healthy.

LUto cym Kaan e ByCTuHa. What I’ve said is the truth.

2.10 Under the heading of indefinite pronouns are included sev-
eral forms which are compounds of Koj, and the anomalous definite
universal pronoun cuoT all’.

‘The prefix me- gives an indefinite meaning:
HeKO| ‘someone’ HeuITO ‘something’
The prefix nu- is a negation:
HUKO] ‘NO One’ HHWTO ‘nothing’
The prefix ce- means ’every’:
ceKoj ’everyone’ ceuiTo ’everything, all sorts of things’
The suffix -roxe* or the particles Gusto or ma e indicate gener-

ality:
KOj-rome, KO} Gusto, KO] a e *whoever'

1 Or dialect -romep.

45

The corresponding forms wTO-rofle, UITO Ouno, WTO fa e nor-
mally have the meaning ‘nonsense’: To} 300pyBa WITO- rome SS
ouno, wuiTO— a me) "He sa ys wha tever (comes i into his head)’, i. e. “he
talks nonsense’.

2.101 These pronouns have the same dependent forms as Ko}j:*

HeKOTO HUKOrO cekKoro koro-rome Koro OunO KOrO Ta e
HeEKOMY HHKOMy CeKOMy KOMy-rojze KoMy OunO KOMy fla e

Hekoro BHO. [ saw someone.

Cexomy ro Kakas. | told it to everyone.
Note that with the Hu-forms the verb must be negative
Huxoj we_Té_npauia. No one’s asking you.
Hukoro Hé_BHILOB. | didn’t see anyone.
Hukomy Hé_KaxkaB HULITO. | didn’t tell anyone anything.

2.102 Used as attributes, these pronouns become pronominal
adjectives like Koj] Koja koe:

HeKO] HeKOJa HeKOe HeKOH ‘some, of some (indefinite) kind’
HUKO] HUKOj]a HAKOe HHKOU ‘none, of no kind’

ceKOj cekOja cekoe cexou ‘every, all kinds of’

KOj-rofe KOja-rope ’whatever, of whatever kind’

Koe-rome KOn-roje

KO] 6uno KOja Guno KOe Guno
KOU 6un0

KO] fla e KOja fla e KOe fa e
KOM a e <—

Hexoj accompanied by the enclitic cu has a still less definite
meaning:
Hekoj cu npodecop om AmMe- Some professor or other from
pika ROU BO Cxkonje. America has come to Skopje.

2.11 The pronoun ’all’ occurs only in definite, articulated form
in the singular:

m f n pl
cuotT ceTa ceTo cuTe

CHOB ceBa CeBO CuBe
CUOH cena CeHO CuHe

the neuter form may occur alone, c (with the accent-

Only
mark tn distinguish it fro ce they are’ and ce ‘self’)
LlIGQKI AN ty OUiliggtsoll 4 4a QJ1i5 ww an cy ae.aw CALLING wu Wedd )

1 Parallel to na Koro for komy, we find Ha HeKoro, Ha HHKoro etc., cf. 2.51.
2 In fixed adverbial time expressions ca occurs: Ca 3uMa ’all winter’, canok
‘all night’, ca neTo ’all summer’. Historically this is the feminine accusative BhGA,

46

The plural form cuuKu ’all’ may be indefinite or accompanied
by the definite articles. —

2.8 There is a series of qualitative and quantitative adjectives
which are parailel to the various demonstrative, interrogative and
indefinite pronouns in meaning.

Expressing the idea of what type or kind:

BaKOB (BaKBUOT) BaKBa BaKBO 'Of this type, like this’
BaKBH

TaKOB (TaKBUOT) TaKBa TakBO ’Of that (the) type’
TaKBH ek,

OHaKOB (OHAKBHOT) OHaKBa ‘of that type over there’
OHaKBO

KaKOB (KaKBHOT) KaKBa ‘Of what type, what kind?’

HeKaKOB (HeKaKBHOT) HeKakBa ’Of sOme type, some kind ot’
HUKaKOB (HUKAKBHOT) HuKaKBa ‘Of no kind, no’

CeKaKOB (CeKakBuOT) CekakBa ‘Of every kind’

KaKOB-rojle KaKpa-rome }

KakOB 640 KaKBa 6un0 ! "of any kind whatsoever’
KaKOB Jia € KaKBa Ja e

Similar in form and meaning, but with no corresponding pronoun is wHakoR
‘of another kind, different’: ennaxos (cf. emeu ’I') means ’of the same kind’.

Expressing the idea of what size:
OKaB ONKaBa ONKaBO ONKaBH 'Of this size, this: big’

TONKAB TONKAaBa ’of that size, that big’

OHONKaB OHONKaBA ’of that size, as big as that
over there’

KOJIKAB KOJIKaBa ‘of what size, how big?’

KOKaB OunNO of any size at all’

KOJIKaB a e )
All of these -nxas forms may have the accent on any syllable before the

-B, Without any change in meaning: GOHOnKaB/ OHOIKaBa OHONKABH: ONONKAB/
ouonKdsa, etc. Only the normal antepenultimate accent is recommended, however.

KONKaB-rore |

Numerals

2.90 The numerals in Macedonian do not form a separate gram-
matical category, but are nouns or adjectives. Since, however, they

mMiryam-ean

tre Br a eeaaalinetiae Tal CCM iilie co ; Alecice
have certain peciiiarities in Common, it is convenient to discuss them

together.

2.901 Three groups are distinguished: the cardinal numerals (1,
9 9 natn + nee Laem wrhan relenine to mmime mAs mate male
4, o, etc.) fiave One 1O0Timi when fre erring iO nouns imaicating Mai

47

persons and another for all other nouns, while the ordinal numerais
(,second, third, fourth“ etc.) have quite different, adjectival, forms.
A fourth group might be added, the multiplicator adjectives (double,
‘triple, ~etc.), which are derived from the cardinals. All of these may
take the definite articles.

2.91 The numeral ’l’ is adjectival in form, emen, emHa, enHoO,
and has a plural enyu which is translated ’some’. Occasionally these
forms serve as the equivalent of the English indefinite article.

2.92 The numeral ’2’-has besides the normal male cardinal 1Bojua
the form masa, which is used with masculine nouns not refering to
male persons and mre which is used other nouns:

Baja BOJHHUM 2 soldiers
mga Bona 2 oxen
Be KeHv 2 women

Be jeua 2 children.

The numeral meaning ’both (the one plus the other)’, which
occurs only with the definite article, has also three forms: oGajuata
[/Ha/Ba] (Bojnuun), O6ata[/Ha/pa] (Bona), OGeTe{/He/pe] (kenRH).

The male cardinals above 4 are more frequently used without
a substantive: they mean ,a group of“, rather than ,x number of
individuals“.

2.93 The definite articles with mumerals normally have the
forms -Te/-se/-He except that the few numerals ending in -a_ take
-Ta/-Ba/-ia and ménuon million’ takes -ot/-op/-on. The nu-
meral wecr ’6’ loses its final -r before the articles. Note that the
article precedes the -muna suffixes for the male nouns.

2.94 Here are the basic numerals in tabular form.

Cardinals Ordinals
] emeH enna eHO NpB(K), MpBAOT
non-personal personal
2 mea(ta) mBe(Te) npajua(ta BTOp(4), BTOPKOT
3 Tpu(Te) shes TpeT(U), TpeTHOT
4 yeTupu(Te) yeTBOpuia(Ta) YeTBPT(M)}, YeTBPTHOT
5 met(te) neTuHa, meTMMUHa, NerTu, neTTHOT
neTTemuna
6 wect (uwecte) WeCTHHa, WeCMHHa, LIeCTH, WeECTHOT
uieCTeMHHa
1 cenym(Te) CeMMUHAa, CeYMUHa, CeMU, CeJLMHOT
celymTemuiia
8 ocym(Te) OCMAHa, OCYMMHa, OCMK, OCMKOT
OcymTemuHa

48

9
i0

i]
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21

Ze
23
24
29
26
21
28
29
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
101

102
110
152
200

300
400

900

GTO ;
CTO H_émen (enna

jlepet(Te) espeTMuna, DeBer-
TemMuHa

jkeceTmMUHa, WecerT-
TemuHa

meceT(Te)

efunaect(Te)
W\Banaect(Te}
TpuHnaect(Te)
yeTHpuHaect(Te)
Me THAeCT
WWeCHaeCcT
CeRYMHaeCcT
OCY.MHaecT
JWeBeTHAaeCT
wpanecet(Te)
WBaeceT vw enen
(emia eHO)
AsBayeceT u_Ra (Be}
WBaweceT v—Tpu
BBaleceT u—4eéTupu
pBanecetT v_nerT
DpayeceT W_WectT
WBaneceT W—cenyM
aBaneceT W-OCyM
MBalleceT WW JLeBeT
Tpuecet
YeTHPHeECeT
nenecet
uleeceT
cehymMyeceT
OCYMILeCceT
mepeyecet

CTOMHHA

eHO)
CTO u_Ba (Be)
CTO u_féceT
cTO uv neweceT WH DBa
(21Be)
mpecte(Te)

Tpucta( Ta)

yeTHPUCTOTHHH
(YeTHPUTeCTOTHHH)

nNeTCTOTHHU (neTTe-
CTOTUHM)

4 Macedonian grammar

nesettu‘or)

HeceTTu, OT)

e\MHaecTTH( OT)

[BaHaeceTTH(OT)

TpuHaeceTTHu(OT)
etc,

yBpaeceTTH(OT)
mpaeceT UW Nps

mBaeceT |!

7
ABaeceT H
UWBaeCeT VU

ip acwon ‘a

veewi rs

jupaeceT u
WBaeceT VU
mepaeceT
JLBaeCceT UW
TpueceTTu

eic.

{ BTOp
TpeT
YeTBPT

ATTU

twa a

LUIeCTU
cewMu
OCMH
eBETTH

CTOTH(OT) CTOTa(Ta)
CTO U npB

CTO MU BTOp
CTO uw meceTTH
CTO Mw MemeceT u
BTOp
JLBECTOTeH, IBe-
CTOTHa
TPUCTOTeH
YeTUPUCTOTEH

NeTCTOTeH

49

600 wecToTunn (iWecTe- WeCTOTeH

CTOTHUHN)

100 CeRYMCTOTHHY CERYMCTOTEH
(CeLyMTeCTOTUHH)

800 OCyMCTOTHHH OCyMCTOTeH
(OCyMTeCTOTHHI)

900 meBeTCTOTHHY mepeTCTOTeH
(meBeTTeCTOTUHH)

ViCWONGS wryciexieeies Licey SIBET Te eceC TT TarS NR STE ECY, a rmnmiarau PETA TTLLA

1UUU Wsijdika( Td) wijaihaMitia Asijaken, vwiijahna

2000 mre unjanu ape unjasett

1.000.000. munnoH(oT) MUIWOHUT

1.000.000.000 munujapma

The ordinais from 5 up musi have -wv in the m. sg. Those

below 5 may have it, but usually do not.

2.95 Multiplicator adjectives are 1BOeH (MBOjHHOT) 1BOjHa ‘double’,
TpOeH TpOjxa ‘triple’, YeTBOpeH YeTBOpHa 'quadruple’, neTTOpeH ’five-
fold’, and so forth, with the suffix -open added to the ordinal minus
its -n,

eBeTTH Oth ReBeTTOpeH ninefold

2.96 Fractional nouns are: nonosBuna ‘half’, rpetuna "'/,', 4eT-
BpTuHa "/,’ etc. The suffix -una is added directly to ‘the cardinal,
except for cemym cemmuna, ocym ocmuna. This suffix is rarely em-
ployed for numbers beyond ten.

2.961 Other fractional numbers are expressed by the ordinals
in the masculine form (to agree with the unexpressed noun gen ‘part’,
menosy): 6,534 wecT wenk Ww neT CTOTHHU TpueceT WH YeTHpH CTOTHH
(enoBn).*

For ,thousandth“, the form unjagut is more usual than nnjanen
in fractions.

2.911 The neuter ordinals enyo propo tpeTo, etc. may function
as adverbs meaning ,in the first, second, third place“.

2.912 The adverb enHaul ‘once’ is isolated. For ,twice, thrice,
four times“ the forms fBanaTv TpynaTu yeTuph_naTu etc. are used.
Normally natu ’times’ has no stress, and the accent for the whole
group falls on the last syllable of the numeral.

1 Note that Macedonian follows normal European usage in employing the
comma in numbers where the English-speaking world uses the decimal point. The
period is used to mark off the thousands: 6.835.771,88.

50

2.98 There is a small group of words which may be termed
indefinite numerals.

MHOTYy ’many’ eee a ‘a group of many’ (also,
MHO3HHa ’majority’)
HemHory ‘few, not many’
MaJIKy few’ MaJILLWHa ’a group Of afew {aiso,
"minority’)
KOJIKY "how many’ (interro. KOnKyMuHa ’a group Of how many’
gative or excla-
tory)
HeKOJKy ’some, a few’
Konky nyfe 6ea Tamy? How many people were there?
Konkymuna 6ea! How many there were!
Manuva CMe. There are (io0) few of us.

2.99 The cardinal numerals express plurality, and accordingly
are accompanied by agreeing plurals: substantives, adjectives, and
verbs. Masculine nouns may take the special counted“ form (cf.
2.15) instead of the plural. ;

Adverbs

3.0 Adverbs are unchanging words which modify verbs, adjec-
tives Or other adverbs.

3.1 The only productive means of forming adverbs is from
adjectives. The neuter form of any adjective (excepting those in -cku,
-1uKH, -4KH) may function as an adverb:

apeH fine’ apHO fine, well’
CHICH ‘strong’ CHAHO strongly’
peOK rare’ peTKO rarely’
BTOp ‘second’ BTOpo-. ’secondly’

With adjectives in -cku, -lwKH, -4uKH, tthe adverbial form is iden-
tical with the masculine:

4YOBeLWKH/YOBCUKU "humanly, like a man’

MaKe JLOHCKU *Macedonian, in the Macedonian manner’
MaliKH ‘like a man, in manly fashion’
nodOelHuyuKu ’victoriously, like a conquerer’

Since this is a predictable relationship, these forms may be
termed adverbialized adjectives. They always have the meaning of

Revesct sry SF MNFVIA

maniter, defining how something iS done.

4% 51

3.11 Like adjectives, they may take the comparative and super-
lalive prefixes: noapHO, HajapHo, etc.?

3.2 There is a group of non-productive adverbs which correspond
closely in meaning, and are somewhat related in form, to the pronouns.
Accordingly we may distinguish demonstrative, interrogative, relative
and indefinite adverbs. Their meanings are essentially related to the
speech situation, and may refer to time, place or manner. They may
be summarized thus.

place time manner
demonstrative opme(ka) here’ cera ‘now’ Baka ‘like this’
TyKa here’ Taka ’thus’
TaMy ‘there’ Tora, Tora}

‘then’ onaka ‘like that’
interrogative Kame ’where’ Kora ’when’ Kako now’
relative KanewTO ‘where’ Kkorauito ’when’ KakowTO ‘as’
indefinite HeKale HeKOralll HeKaKO

’somewhere’ ’sometime’ ’somehow’
cekare cekoralu ceKako
"everywhere’ ‘always’ all sorts of ways’
HuKane HHKOTAaUI HHKaKO
‘nowhere’ never’ ‘not at all’
ess) Kora-rope ) KakO-rone)
Kage OHIO Kora 6n10$ Kako 6uN0$
Kalle ma ej Kora na e} Kako ma ef
’wherever’ *whenever’ *however’

3.3 Space does not permit a detailed discussion of other adverbs.
They will be found listed in the vocabulary.

PREPOSITIONS

4.0 Prepositions have no accent of their own, but form an
accentual unit with the substantive or pronoun which they govern.
There are two types: those which may take the stress when used

1 Po and naj, although they most frequently appear with adjectives and
adverbialized adjectives, and are considered so much an integral part of such
words that they are written as prefixes, still are really adverbs. They serve
also to modify certain adverbs or <dverbial phrases of place or of degree, and
also some verbs. For example: ,

Cxonje e m0 Ha cepep On Kouann.

Llojau uo Kaj Hac.

Toa € No 3a BepyBaice.

Toj no He 3Hae Of MeHe, a
nomoOpa ouenKa o06u.

Osne 4ennn NO He GHNAT OR THE.

Toa Haj He dHHH.

Skopje is farther north than K6éani.

Come a little cloSer to us.

That's more to be bel'eved.

He knows Jess than I do, but he got
a better grade.

These shoes are worse than those.

That's worst of ail.

52

with a personal pronoun, and those which do not. in the former
group there are some which sometimes may take the stress when
used with an indefinite noun (cf. 1.4251 above). In the following dis-
cussion, illustrative examples of the most important usages of each
preposition will be given, with English equivalents.

4.1 The prepositions which never take the stress, even from a
pronoun, are the following:

3apalu because of, On account of
KakO like

MeCTO instead of

HaCNpoTu in spite.of, as Opposed to
OCBeH except for, besides

cnpema eee

cnope s according’ to

For example:

3apagu—Té6e He—Tdé_cTOpuB Because of you, | didn’t do
TOa. that.

Boxo MOWON MeCcTO_HErO.

Toj He pa6oTu KakO_TéGe.

Hacnpotu_té6e, Toj HuwWTO
He 3Hauyu.

OcBen_té6e 4 Zpyrn ro

_ 3HaaT TOA.

HlykanoT e OTBOpeH CeKOj Rex
OCBeH_Hé ena.

Crnopen_méxe Toa e rpewka.

IloctanyBam cnopem—Hapél-
OaTa.

Bozo came instead of him.

He doesn’t work like you.

Compared to you, he means
nothing.

Others too beside you know
that.

The store is open every day
except Sunday.

In my opinion that is a mistake.

[ am acting in accordance
with the order.

4.2 Prepositions which take the stress when used with a pronoun,

but not when used with a noun are:

Kaj at (the home, place, office) of, by, in the
country of

LoKaj near, to

Hakaj at, toward

OTK} from

KOH toward

NpOTHB against

co with

For example:

Kaj-Hac BO [ipunen BenaT
Baka, ama Kaj_oxputanuTe
e mogpyro.

In Our region, in Prilep, they
say it this way, but among
the people of Ohrid .it’s
different.

53

Ke @pjiam cO KameH joKaj—
Teoe:

Taa Tprua Hakaj_nero.

Otkaj_rpamoT ce pasznece

_ TMCOK Ha CHpeHn.

Ke 3amMuvHamM KOH_néT 4acorT.

Toj ce ynaTu KOH_Hery.
Taa 300pyBalla NPOTHB_MeHe.
Toi ce 6open npoTuB_udp.
MatyBaB Cco_Bds.

Ke 360pyBpam CO—Hero.

Ulto ga cTopam cé6_tTe6e?

{luwysBam CO_népo, CO_MOJINB.

Y6asuTe paborn Gea OnBOeHH
OM—Hac CO NeOenO cTakKNO.

Co_nyuika ro yapuija.

My HamaBHa CO_pdka.

[ll throw the stone all the
way to you.

She started to his side.

From the direction of the town
came a screaming of sirens.

I'll drop in toward 5 o’clock.

He started toward hii.

She spoke against me, they say.

He fought against the tsar.

| was travelling by train.

1’ 11 speak with him.

What am | going to do with
‘you?

[ am writing with a ‘pen, with
a pencil.

‘ The lovely things were Sepda-

rated from us by thick glass.
They killed him with a rifle.
He waved his hand to him.

4.30 The prepositions which take the stress when used with a
pronoun, and which may also, under certain circumstances, take it
with nouns, must be discussed individually, since there is great vari-
ation. As stated above (1.4251), the accent may fall on the prepo-
sition only if the noun is non-definite, and usually only when the
preposition has a concrete, spatial meaning. When the preposition
expresses a more abstract relation, the accent tends to remain on the
noun.

Usage in many individual instances is not fixed, and nearly
always there is the possibility that the noun may be stressed ii the
speaker desires to give it a logical emphasis.

In general, new words Or new combinations (unfamiliar in the
daily life of the peasant or townsman) tend to keep the stress on the
noun.

4.301 Bes ’without’ takes the stress in the idioms 663_Bpeme
and 663_men, both meaning ’prematurely’.

With a noun signifying a part of the body or a concrete object,
relatives or chattels, 6e3 takes the stress: 663_rnapa ‘without a head’,
6é3_paue ‘without hands’, 6é3_cpue ‘without a heart’; 6é3_ Boma
’without water’, 663_rpow ’without a farthing’, 663_raku ‘without
trousers’; 0€3_TarKo ’without a father’, 6é3_nyfe ’without people’,
6é3_kyye ’without a dog’, etc.

' When it governs abstract nouns, 6e3 normally takes the stress.
The accent may, however, also fall on the noun, without any differ-
ence in meaning, unlike the above category, - where stress On the
noun indicates logical emphasis. E.g. yopex 663_myula ’a man with-

54

out a heart’, 6é3_rajne ’without care’, 6é3_munoct ’without mercy’.
oé3_cpam ’without shame’, 6é63_Kpaj ’without end’, 6é3_pen ’without
order’. In certain cases the accent remains on the noun: 6e3_panoctT
‘without joy’, 6e3_Tdra ‘without sorrow’, 6e3_66aKa ’without pain’,
6e3_ndounn without rest’.

4.302 The preposition meaning ’in’ has two forms, B and so.
Bo is used (1) with pronouns, (2) with nouns beginning with B and
cp, (3) with nouns with the definite article, and (4) in some special cases.

The stress can fall on the preposition only in (1) and (2) Thus:

Toj raefa BO_Hea. _ He _is looking at her.
Jle6oT e BO dypna. The bread is in the oven.

With a few place-names, the stress may be on the preposition.
but it is recommended that- only the: noun be accented: po_Béuec,
so_Bapsap, so_Bapow.

Bo is used with indefinite nouns if there is a logical emphasis
on the container, usually because of a contrast with some other
container:

Bo_KyKa cyM ce pogua, He | was born in a Aouse, not
BO_TPJIO. in a Sheep_pen.

In a few set phrases the form Bo is found, and it may be stressed or
not: oyn_B6_oyn/64K BO_Oun ’eye to eye’, paka_BO_paka/paKa BO_paKa
‘hand in hand’. Bo is also used in the phrase B6_nBop ’in the court-
yard’? and in Bo—CkKonje ’in Skopje’. .
The usage with nouns signifying days of the week is peculiar:

BO_cpéa, BO_MéTOK On Wednesdays, Fridays
=every Wednesday,
Friday. i

BO_CpélatTa, BO_NéTOKOT Last Wednesday, Friday.

B_cpéfla, B_NéETOK This (next) Wednesday,
Friday.

4.303 Bps ’on top of, on the surface of, on’ takes ithe stress
unless the noun is, emphasized logically:

Mn ceaqu Bp3_ruapa. - He’s sitting on my head (i. e.
. he’s a burden to me).
Bp3_6cuHoga Ha TOa, Hue peunB- On the basis of that, we
me a Nocranume Taka. - decided to act thus.

'1 Here and in many cases in the following discussion of prepositions, an
unarticulated Macedonian noun is translated by a noun plus the definite article
in English. In most of these cases, Macedonian can use the definite article also
(e. g. BO_mBOpoT), but the omission is not felt as a statement of indefiniteness. In
English, omission of the article is as clear a signal as the preseace of either
definite or indefinite article. In Macedonian, the definite article is a marked signal,
but ifs absence is only a negative signal: it does not soecify indefiniteness.

, 99

4.304 Jlo usually takes the stress when it means ‘next to’, or
‘up to, touching’: mO—BpaTa ‘next to the door’, 26_orauH ’next to the
fire’, woBeK——O—4OBeK ’person tO person’, 16_TaBaH “to the ceiling’,
m6—He6o ’to the sky’, 16_3emja ‘to the ground’, n6_mHO ’to the bot-
tom’ 16_nojac ’to the waist, belt’, m6_ryua ’to the throat’, Boopyxer
m6-3a6u ’armed to the teeth’, onopne mO-rpayx “from here to
town’, etc.

However with geographical names the stress remains on the
noun: 10_Ckénje, 70o-Oxpun, mo_Bénec, n0_Bapyap.

With time expressions, 20 means ‘until, up to’, and usually does
not take the accent: mo_méu ‘until day’, but m6_30pa ‘until dawn’,
On-HOK 16_HOK ’from night to night’, 6n_yTpo mé6_Beyep ’from mor-
ning to evening’. There is a contrast between the purely adverbial
mopyyek/nonsanHe ‘before Junch’/’before noon’ =’in the morning’ and
mo_pyyek/no_naAanue ‘until lunch’/until noon’:

dépyyex Ges noma, O6apyyek ] was home in the morning,

U3NeroB HaJLBop. (and) went out after lunch.

- Tpe6a mo_pyyek ma ja u30pame _ We must finish plowing the
HMBaBa. meadow by lunch.

ViMa BpemMe O—pyyex. There’s time before lunch.

Ho in this meaning functions also as an adverb, modifying other
adverbs or prepositions: no_nayy vuntil last year’, mo_nékuy ‘until
recently’, mo-syuépa ‘until yesterday’, mo_yrpe ‘until tomorrow’,
mo_Npen_émva némena ‘until a week ago’.

In the phrases On_myrpa jo—mpak ‘from dawn to dark’ and
Ol_svnKa 2O-rp66 ‘from cradle to grave’, the preposition is not
stressed.

In other meanings, wo never takes the stress:

Vizene cé no_Tpouka. He ate it all to the last crumb.
Cute Wo_wéTe ,O_KyTe. All, including children and dogs
(i.e. to the last person).

Exception: Mcnuw ja yauiata mé_kanka. He drank the glass to the

jast drop.

Jlojxe pa6orata 1O_KOTeK, The matter went as far as fight-
mO_Kapra. ing (developed into a fight).

Komy my e€ 0_réetbe, HeKa Let him who feels like singing
cu mee. Mene He Mx IL0- sing. [’m not yet to the point
WO MO_Méerbe HUTY MO_ of singing nor of laughing.
cméetbe.

Je6e TH e RO_wWeéra. For you it’s a laughing matter.

56°

4.305 8a may take the accent

Tue ce Wtpxat 34_pale.

Toj 34_ryuia ce atu co
Bparor.
Ce 1pxu 34_pRpata, 3a_rla-

Ba, 34_MeB, 34—rpaJn, 34—
HO3e.

when it means ’by’:

They are holding each others”
hands.

He and his enemy grabbed each
other by the throat.

He’s holding on to the door,

to his head, belly, chest, legs.

An extension of ihis spatiai meaning is found in the idiom ue qakaj
ce 3d_360p “don’t grab hold by the word’ = ’don’t be over-literal in

your interpretation’.

_ 4.305 8a meaning after’, in time, usually takes the stress: 34_uac
‘in a moment, in an hour’. However in.the relatively new phrase 3a_mur
i) an instant’, only the noun may be stressed. Note the single accent

In Wén—-3a_yen ‘day after day’.

In all other meanings (’for’ is the most frequent English equi-

valent), 3a remains unstressed.

3G6opyBame 3a_uléKep.
Hocu TuWCcMO 3a—HéKOrO.

Vi 3aTBOpoT e 3a_ayre.
Cno60fa caka 3a_Hapon.
Pa6oTam 3a_né6.
Crpaiam 3a_mpaBwa.
Ce roTBpen 3a_yylap.
ViMa W3rnciv 3a_fLOxXA.
TOj e 3a_rpés, 3a_cpaM.
Taa pa6oTa € 3a_4yo.
WMaM muory 3a_yyelbe.
APHO e OBa 3a_@yCTAH.
TOj e€ 3a_rndpa NOBKCOK
On—nero.
Opa e 3a_6aHKa Nockano.
noctap jpyrap.
3a_cdaT Ke CTurneul.

r
wea yr tere veerm

Po KYB 3a—WHap,
3a_64aHKa.
IlnaTHB 3a_Kun0.

(\en an Ave ago as 4
Oxo 38d—OKO, 3da0

nak
d—sdv.

Mu TekHyBa 3a_BOIla,

” °
wWweAmsen

For example:

We are talking about sugar.

He’s carrying a letter for
someone.

The prison too is for men.

He wants freedom for the people.

i work for bread.

| am suffering for justice.

He was preparing for a blow.

it looks like rain.

He is to be ‘pitied, to De
ashamed of.

That affair is to be wondered ai.

| have a lot to study.

This is nice for a skirt.

He’s a head taller (talier by a
head) than him.

This is 10 dinars more expensive.

My friend (who is) 10° years
older.

You'll get there in an hour.

| bought it by the dinar, at th
rate of 10 dinars.

| paid by the kilo.

A
fAl

am

ye for am eye, a tooth for

oo —
a> ©
te
a

|. have a desire for water, for
grapes.

57

Ba_cpéKa, 3a Kas. By good fortune, by bad luck.

Toj € pojieH 3a_M4KOCT. He was born for nastiness.
llenata MamHa 3a_jMHap. The price fell one dinar.
3a_T6a Bpeme. During that time.

4.306 Ban *behind, beyond’ fakes: the stress _Whenever Bosse
‘beyond the hill’, 34n_6per behind ite Dank, <tc.

Sometimes 3aq is used with time expressions as an equivalent
of no ’after’. Here it does not take the stress except .with the word

MVLTS axe eae 8k eovv ata Ve Wa tA

for ‘Christmas’: 34n_Boxnk or 3an—boxnk ’after Christmas’.

4.301 Kpaj ’beside, next to, on the edge of’ has only a con-
crete, spatial meaning, and takes the Stress if possible, except with
place- names: Kpaj_mope ‘by the sea’ Kpaj_oran ‘next to the (Te.
KpajnaT "beside the road’, Kpaj_Oyku ‘beside a beech-tree’, etc.; but
Kpaj.CKonje ‘near Skopje’.

Similarly uckpaj and nakpaj ’on the edge of’: HaKpdj_ceno
on the edge of the village, right next to the village’.

trokpaj ’next to’ is more usual with pronouns: CeneTe No-
Kpaj_mene. ’Sit down beside me’.

4.308 Mety ‘between’ may take the accent: mery—O4v ‘between
ihe eyes’, mery_Hneu ’between meadows’, mery_cede ’among them-
seives’. Momery is sometimes used in the same way with ‘the same
meaning.

4.309 The preposition na has extremely varied meanings, and
its accent varies accordingly.

4.3091 When Ha expresses possession (’of’) or the relationship
Of indirect object ’to’), it NEVER fakes the stress, even if it gov-
erns a pronoun. [These are the instances where wa expresses the
relations which are conveyed by the categories of the genitive and
dative cases in the other Slavic languages].

MnCcKOT Ha_KéuHa, Ha_jléTe. A scream Of a woman, Of a‘
child.
Ha_mMaxk He_Cé_Belu Taka. One doesn’t speak to a husband
like that.
HatnéTe He-Cé_laBa HO. One doesn’t give a knife to a
o> eula,
Ha_x6ro my—ro—ayopte? TO whom did you give it?
Ha_néro (better, Hémy). To him.
4.3092 In all other meanings, Ha takes the stress if it governs
a pronoun.

With nouns, it takes the stress when it has te spatial meanings
’on, onto, into, toward’: Ha_puo (ea to a hill’, Ha_cHara ’on the

n re tenes ; th © : f ‘
body’, td cpue ’on the heart’ (=’on one’s mind, conscience’ ,

58

Ha_maca ’on a table’, 1a—Oper ’on the shore’, Hd_opo ’to the dance’,
Ha_pyyek ‘to lunch’, H4d_Bo3myx ’in the open air’, Ha_ceno ’in the
country’, Ha—conue ’in the sun’: 6n_yoBek Ha—4oBek ‘from man to
man’, 60Oper Ha4_6per ’from shore to shore’, 6m_4ac Ha_yac ’from
hour to hour, moment to moment’.

Ke omume Hd_pu6u. We'll go fishing
Onen Hd_Gep6ep. He’s gone to the barber’s,
they say

Crow Ha_ctpaxXa. He’s. standing on guard.

LleHaTa Naha Ha_cémlym The price fell to 7 dinars
MHapH.

On Kaj me mo3HaBate MeHe, From where do you know me,
LUTO Me BHKHaBTe Ha_ume? that you called me by name?

But compare, Ha_ume 6oxje! In God’s name!
In other meanings the stress is on the noun:
Ce HajMoB Ha_Maka. 1 found myself in trouble, in a
dilemma.

Ha_pa6ora! To work!

Moxe mu KpBTa Ha_Bola Can blood turn to water?
ma ctTatie?

Cmpiayu Ha_JyK. It stinks of garlic.

Mupuca Ha_3émja. It smells of earth.

Ha_WcToK, Ha—3anad. In the east, west, south, north.
Ha_jyr, Ha—cépep.*

Ceupu Ha_y4éo, Ha_KaBal. He plays the cello, the kaval.

Io emHO jaOonko Ha_YOBeK. One apple each per man.

4.3093 Because of the many meanings of na, it sometimes happens that there
will’be several occurrences of it in a single sentence. In such cases it is consid-
ered stylistically desirable to find some equivalent, where possible. Most frequently,
om is used for possession (the oid genitive relationship), and sp3 for the spatiai
meaning ‘on’. Ordinarily, however, there is no ambiguity even if ua does occur in
several different meanings in the same sentence.

4.310 Hag ‘above’ is used principally with a concrete, spatial
significance, and takes the stress if possible: Hag—ceno ‘above the
village’, Ham_rpo6 ‘over the grave’, Han_riasa ’Over the head’, Han_Bona
aes the seentane? carn rere Yneerar 4hn) avrac } syAr rene YAaraAe th
apove me Wailer, Haj_OuH Over ime eyeS, Hali-MmdaCa Over wie
table’, etc. : .

In the abstract meaning ’super’, Hag takes the stress only in the
phrase jyHak Wan_jyHak ’a super-hero’.

Toj uma BnacT Han_nea. He has power over her.

Hay—ropa conue orpea. Above the mountain the sun grew hot.

Pa6otatTa Han_péunuKoT ‘The work on the dictionary is
Hanpenysa. progressing.

1 Hd_cesep is also heard.

59

4.311 Hus, with the concrete meanings ‘down, through, along’,
may take the stress: HH3_puy ‘’down the hill’, HA3_ywn ‘through the
ears’, H¥3_mope ’by sea, along the seashore’.

-When used with an abstract meaning, Hus does not take the
Stress: HH3—CO/3H ‘through tears’, Hu3_nécuu ‘through songs’, Hu3_.Bépa
‘through faith’.

4.312 On with the concrete meanings ’down from, out from in-
side’ and sometimes ’since’ may take the stress: .

Cnese O0_KOtb. He got off the horse.
[latvano 6n_He6O. It fell from the sky.

Ja CMMHa Kanata OjLrnasa. He took his hat off of his head.
Ce ppatTH 6f_noOne, on_ceno, He returnedfrom the field, from
On—rpan, On—Nazap, the village (country), from

O_KeTBa, O_cBanOa. town, from market, from the

arvact fram a wedding
s3ctg Yeo, riwaal u VW WML .

lo Bpatn On_Bpata, 6n_npar, He turned him from the door,

On—Nat. from the threshold, from the
road.
O-—30pu. Since dawn.
In various non-spatial meanings, of, does not take the accent:
Yeno On-Majxa. A mother’s child.
On—nvse MieKO. Chicken’s milk =a wondrous,

almost impossible thing.

TOj € rane! H OM_TaTKa U he Has been spoiled both by
O_Majka. his father and his mother.
On—cHhwta nv ce ucnnawn? Did you get scared by dreams?
Ke yMpam O1_66nKa, On KAN, (I'll die Of pain, of sorrow, of

On—jan, ON_cméa. poison, of laughter.
He mOxes ja TH ce japan | couldn’t greet you because
O—MamMa. of mama.

Nanya, yuped OKypwym. He fell, struck by a bullet.
Vi36aBu me O30, On_mMaKka. Deliver me from evil, from pain.

Kora Tamy O7_BOa HH When.(he got) there, not a
Tpara. trace Of water.

Ce n3Hajale cuTe apHo They all ate their fill of frogs.
OW a6u.?

‘Note thatthe partitive meaning usually expressed by the genitive case in
other Slavic languages and by the preposition ’of’ in English is usually expressed
in Macedonian simply by juxtaposition of the substantives: sauia Boma, a glass of
water’, wnure paknja, ‘a bottle of brandy’, coOupare oTnanoun ‘collection of junk’.
Cf. also opawe none ’plowing of a field’. With the adjective nonu ‘full’. there may be
the preposition co ‘with’, or nothing: canata nonua (co) nyfe ‘the room full of
people’. No preposition is used with no nosog ‘on the occasion of’: no noBon sYyepaul-
Hata cBeyeHocT ’on the occasion of yesterday’s celebration’.

60

On_rpd3je Hemam KaCHaTO.

Ha_pépa noTspl on-Kamen.

Ilenuctep e mOBucoK On-
JaOmaHnla.
On_—Opart mu cTaHa HeOpar.

On—TpH TpeHdadun.

Smuja On_aputnH.

Mapka Og yAHap.
On cpéna, nétox, Box«uK.

Hema dbajne O_nmayna.
My 6ea og_n6ou3a.:

Ne Charen iar Awe resem
VEi-Pyioai, OF-Ow7

O0_xoTen.

I haven't tasted the grapes.

Firmer than stone in faith.

Mount 'Pelister is higher than
Jablanica.

From a brother he ceased to be
a brother to me.

A rose froma thorn( = good from
bad).

A snake an arSin long.

A one-dinar stamp.

. Since Wednesday, Friday,

Christmas.
There’s no profit in plunder. °
They were of use to him.

Coenen the franthsalnl Syatt fFeaem tha
PLUME te ~UUtval i1€ia, MV tue

post-office, from the hotel.

(But in the new expression, on—rpan6a ’from the building-site’.)

4.313 Oxony ’around, in the vicinity of’. regularly takes the
stress if possible. Note that with monosyllabic nouns and pronouns,
the accent remains on the lastsyllable of the preposition: oKOny_Tpz0
‘near the sheep-pen’, okony_kyka.’around the house’, oxomy_ceno
‘around the village’, okony_rywa ‘around the throat’, oxony_puy
around the hill’,,oxony_npct ‘around a finger’, okony—cTor ’around

a haystack’, etc.

o'clock’.

But: okOny_naagne ‘about noon’, okony_uBp4 yacot ‘about 2

4.314 Tlo takes the stress when it has the positional meaning
of ’on’ (movement in Or on, to strike on) and the temporal meaning

after’:

CkuTa n6_ropa, mé6_cKaaa,
MO_nowe.

To yupue md6_-nHora, m6_
rpayu, m6_nHue, MO-
CHara, n6d_nseku, nd_raa-
Ba, NO_HOC, NO_yYeI0,

Yuupawe co_npctu no-
MacCaTa KaKO MO_OapaGau.

He wanders about the mountain,
the rock (cliff), the field.

| struck him on the foot, chest,
across the face, on his body,
back, head, nose, forehead.

He pounded on the table
with his fingers as if on a
drum.

In the temporal meaning, the stress is on the preposition usually
only when there is repetition of the noun: a

Bék n6_Bek, ndpye nd_Napue,

61

With certain monosyllabic nouns, the whole phrase may have a
single stress:

JIvct_no_nuct/muct_no_nuct, Leaf after leaf, row after row.

pen. no_pen/pea—no_peg.

Frequently, however, there is a logical emphasis on the noun,
which is then stressed. There are many new combinations which do
not admit stress on the preposition at all: 6pa4H mo_.6paH ’wave after
wave’, madK mo_mak ’arch after arch’.

Note these cases:

[leuaTa ce KaflaT mO_raKu. The children are swimming
only in trousers.
He went out only in his shirt;

it’s chilly, he’ll catch cold.

IIo ‘after’? without repetition of the noun only rarely takes the
stress.

M3ne3e HanBop No_KOWYy ua,
CTYMeHO e, Ke u3SemMHe.

After sorrow the sou: is
clearer.

Mo tara e no6uctpa nywuiara.

Mo_makia OM BHHO.
Tlo_cuér u mpa3 ume.

Ke nojme No_Bpéme, Mo_mécelL

no_BOxXuK/N6_BOXxUK.

After food comes wine.

After snow, ice comes too.

He will come after a while,
after a month, after
Christmas.

In all other meanings (’in, as to; at the rate of, the size of; at
a time; according to, in accordance with; because of [=nopagu); in
the time of, in the presence of; aac to fetch; from one to another’)

no never is stressed.

Iio_cuara Ke e Oop,
NO_TBpROCT Apen.

Bpat wa Toue e no_chna.

HocuuiTaTa nmo_.caxKeu
uM O6ea.

No Kuno Tewkn 6ea
ny OenvuTe.

NMo_6auka rv natus.

Ceko] meH KynyBa NO_KHN0.

in body (stature) he will be a fir,
in hardness a wild-cherry tree._

He is a brother of Goce (i.e.a
great hero) in strength.

Their great noses were a sazen
long.

The watermelons each weighed
a kilo. -

| paid for them at the rate of
10 dinars. :

Every day he buys a kilo ata
time.

1 The adverb noc.e ‘afterwards’ is often found instead of to in a eo Sianal

function. This is a Serbism, to be avoided.

62

Cekoj no_rp63a, B_paka Everyone held a grape (each) in

ILP KU. his hand.
[podecop no_ucTopuija. A professor of history.
{leneraTuTe QUuCKyTupale - The delegates are said to have
CaMO NO_—BTOpata TOUKAa. discussed only the second point.
Tpe6a mo_3akon ma cymM. He must judge according to the
law.
ITo_MOeTO MHeHHe He e In my opinion that’s not right.
npaBudHo.
Kaku no_nywa! Say it just as you really think
ne, De . (according to your soul)!
Ke 360pyBame no_Tenemou. We'll talk by telephone.
He yowon no_6onect. He didn’t come (they say)
because of illness.
PaOotuw no_cTyn, u He works in the cold and in
no_—xeéra. the heat.
Kako yaB Tp¥a NO_Mpa3 u He runs through the ice and
NO_MOXKL: rain like a crazy man.
To ogBneKoa no_mpak. They dragged him off in the
dark.
OtTu ge no_ a OKTop, no_né6. He’s ae for a doctor, for
bread.
He OTMHOB No..nTHYjHn | didn’t go after birds’ nests.
cefena.
)Kan6a no_nn6e, Yearning for one’s darling, one’s
no—Mua oct. youth. (here no =3a)
Tpya mo—Kéuu. He runs after women (i.e. from
one woman to another).
OnaT no_cBan6u. They go from one wedding to
another.
Note the shift of accezt in:
“Onu no_Kyku. He goes from house to house.
My ogaT n6_Tpara. They’re on his trail.

4315 Mlog ‘under, beneath, below’ always takes the stress if
possible, except in some new combinations and when the meaning
is not concrete. E. g. non_3emja ’under the ground’, non_muwKu
‘under one’s arms’, nO6z-rpno ‘beneath the throat’, ndg_yeno ‘below
the forehead’, néa—myctTak ‘under the mustach’, noOg—jasuk ‘under
the tongue’, nOg_cTpea ‘under the eave’, nO2-mpBo ‘under a tree’,
nog—cenka ‘in the shade’, ndég_KpepeT ’under a/the bed’, etc.: but
KyKa nog_Haem ’a rented house’, pu nowymMen non_6d6p ’a hill
forested with fir’, cuTe noo—6pdj ‘everyone to the number expected’,
BllerybaaT nog—Opdj ‘they come in by number (one by one)’,
nogx—Bnact ’in the power (of)’: LUto pas6upaw non_Tdj 3606p?’ What
do you understand by that word? What does that word mean to you?’

63

4.316 (pen ’before, in front of; prior to’ takes the stress with
‘spatial and some temporal meanings. E. g. npén_ouu ‘before one’s
eyes’, mpém_ppata “before the door’, npéf_kyka ’in front of the house’,
npém_upkpa ’in front of the church’, npén_xoten ’in front of the
hotel’, npén_3opu ’before dawn’, npén_speme ’before (the right) time’.

4.317 Wpexy ’over, across’ usually takes ihe stress, but in the
new meaning (borrowed from Serbo-Croatian) ’by means of, through
the agency of’ it does not. With monosyllabic nouns the stress may
fali on either syllable of the preposition. E. g. npéxy_pun/npexy_pun
over the hill’, npéxy_sun/mpexy_sunx ’over the wall; mpexy_rmapa

"over one’s head’, npexy_neto ‘over the summer’, mpeKy—34Ma ’over

+h syiemtae!
im@ winter.

Puniaa mpexy—Hero.

Mu ja npe@pau pakata
mpeKy_pamo.

To npedpnru codneyexoTo
Nato mpexy—_G6ypero.

Ce pa30upaat
npeky_nvcma.

3a Taa paOota Ke ce pa3-
Oepeme npeky_syre.

IIpexy—noes3njata Haj ,oopo
ce NpeTCTaByBa MaKeOH-
CKaTa YMeCTHMYKa NMTe-

patypa.

They jumped over him.
He threw his arm around my
shoulder.
He -threw his coat, which he had
taken off, over the.barrel.
They understand each other by
means of letters.

We'll find out about that matter
through peopie.

Macedonian artistic literature is
best represented by poetry.

in

4.318 Mpu ‘at, next to’ is almost exclusively limited to use

with nouns representing persons,

Stress.?,
KuBeam mpu_Oaéa.

and oniy rarely does it take the

I] live with grandmother.

4.319 Cupotu ‘opposite; on the eve of’ takes the stress if pos
Sible: cnpoTH_kyka ’opposite the house’, cnpoTH_suy ‘opposite the
wall’, cnpotu_cpena ’on Tuesday evening’.

HuBHata KyKa e
CnpoTH—Hauata.
Omesme chpoTn_setep.

CemHaT cnpoTa—couue.

Their house is opposite ours.

We were walking against the
wind.
Seated in (turned toward)

Qeres

tha
aie oUt).

1The idioms npu_3opu ’at dawn’, and npv_paxa ’to hand, at hand’ are purely
adverbial, and it is arbitrary to write them as two words but to make a single
word of the similar npuxseyep ‘at twilight, at sunset’.

64

4.320 Cpem or cpefe ‘amid’ takes the stress except in new
combinations: cpém_none ’in the field’, cpém_neto ’in the middle of
summer’, cpég_3uma ’in midwinter’, cpemé_mMope/cpéa—mope ‘in the
middle of the sea’; but cpen_6dp6u ’amid struggles’, cpen—_6ypu ’amid
storms’, cpen_m6x*xa ’amid the rain’.

4.321 Y is very rarely used, and is the equivalent of Kaj. It
takes the stress only in the formulaic phrase emeH CMH Y MajKa ’an
only son’, but even here it may be y_Majxa.

65

5 Macedonian grammar

CHAPTER lil
‘THE VERB

Introductory Remarks

o.0 The Macedonian verb is set off from the other parts of
speech both in form and meaning. The noun presents something as
an entity (or ens), while the verb presents something as an event,
that is, something characterized as a process. Indescribing the Macc-
‘donian verb, we operate with three types of categories; those which
characterize the event or process itself, those which characterize
participants in the event, and those which characterize the relation-
ship of the participants to the event.

».1 The participants are characterized by three categories, two
of which are independent of the utterance (number and gender) and
one Of which is dependent on the utterance (person). Person specifies
(a) the speaker, the author of the utterance, the first person; (b) the
person addressed, the second person; and (c) person in general,
usually neither speaker nor addressee, i.e. third person. Number and
gender are not dependent on the utterance itself, but are given. In
the Macedonian verb, the two are mutually exclusive, for a form
which expresses plurality cannot also express gender. Number and
person can be expressed by a single form, but not gender and person.
For instance, rnemam (’I see’) specifies the speaker and singular (lst
person singular) but says nothing about gender; rnemate (you sce’)
specifies person spOken to and plural (2nd person plural) but says
nothing about gender; while Ov rnegana (’would see’) specifies only
feminine and singular, without giving information about the person;
and 6u rnegane (’would see’) specifies only plurality, with no infor-
mation about gender or person.

9-2 The event itself is characterized by two categories, a‘pect
and fense.

9.211 Aspect defines the character of the action itself, without
reference to the utterance. Every verb in Macedonian belongs to one
Of iwo aspects, terminative (Or perfective). Or interminative (imper-

66

fective).1 The terminative aspect denotes the completion of the action,
or the completion of a series of actions which are viewed as a
whole, that is, a summation. The terminative, so to speak, directs
the attention of the listener to the end of the action (or the summa-
tion). The interminative aspect, on the other hand, focuses attention
on the event (or action or process) itself, and says nothing explicit
about the end. .

For example: Tu qdpauja (terminative) kamemata. They threw
the stones.’ (And the terminative aspect of the verb specifically shows
the end, the completion of the action.) Pu dpnaa (interminative) xame-
tata. "They were throwing the stones’ (and since the interminative
aspect focuses Our attention on the action itself, we are not at the
moment concerned with what happened afterward), or, ’They threw
the stones’ (repeatedly or habitually: although from the context it
becomes clear that the action was .completed, our attention is not
directed toward the end; we are concerned with the action itself.)

5.212 A second type of aspect in the Macedonian verb does
not belong inherently to all the forms of the verb, but is an internal
opposition within a single verb. The distanced aspect denotes that
the event (action) is viewed as somewhat remote in either time or
reality. It is realized in two ways: either, an action which began in
the past (that is, prior to the moment of utterance or a moment
defined by the context) has some relevance for the present, or repre-
sents the result of a past action; or, it denotes that the speaker is
disclaiming responsibility for the accuracy of the statement. Thus,
Tu panne (terminative, distanced) kKamethaTa can mean ’They have
thrown the stones’ (and this is still a significant fact at the moment
of utterance), or ’They threw the stones’ (so it has been reported to
me). Similarly, Tu @pnane (interminative, distanced) KamethaTa Means
"They were throwing stones’ (a continuing or repeated act which
either is still relevant, or which has been reported by others).

5.22 Tense shows the relation between the event and the moment

mf wttnaranco In Macedonian tharo ara only fIwmy omch ¢ ence nant
Gp uacrante. a amwaCCauuial witre are uilhy wu sucn tenses, PGSt

and present; they may be termed absolute tenses. Within the past
there is a further division into what may be called relative tenses:?
an event is Characterized as being contemporaneous with another
past moment: (imperfect) or it is not so characterized (aorist). This
opposition is not relative to the utterance itself.

5.3 There are two categories which characterize the reiation
of the participants to the process: voice and mood. Voice denotes

1 The conventional terms perfective and imperfective are not used in this
work in order to avoid the confusion which easily arises when they are juxtaposed
with the term imperfect.

2 This terminology is not altogether felicitous, but we prefer touse established
terms rather than to burden the description unnecessarily with completely new ones. -

BT

5* wt

no specific relation to the speech event. The Macedonian verb has

two voices; it. may characterize a process as intransitive, or it may
give -no information about transitivity. Mood,.on the other hand, char-
acterizes the relation of the participants to the.process with ref-
erence to the speech event. An action may be presented as potential,
that is, as possible. or desirable, but not yet achived. It may .be pre-
sented as projective (or prospective), that is, as an action. which is.
viewed as manifest (real or highly probable) but not. immediately
present. Or, finally, it may simply be presented without specifically
expressing modality, that is, as indicative.

9.4 The category of imperative stands apart from the rest of
the verbal system, for, unlike other verb-forms, the imperative does
not make a statement and cannot be discussed in terms’ of truth or
falsehood. The imperative must be either terminative or interminative,
and it may express second person piural, but none of the other cate-.
gories above are applicable.

A. The Morphology of the Verb

General Notions

6.0 Every Macedonian verb-form consists of at least two parts,
the stem and the ending; caka-me ’we love’, 3anpe-sre ’you stopped’,
uy-B ’] heard’. When we compare jade ’he eats’ with jane-w, jame-Te
‘you eat’ and jane-me ’we eat’, we see that jade is itself the stem;
but it,is more than that, for the contrast with the other endings
shows that jade must also have an ending, which we call a zero
ending. ~ '

6.01 The stem nearly always ends in a vowel.. This vowel is
usually itself a suffix, and may change in different forms. The vowel
of the 3rd singular present is termed the primary stem-vowel, and it
may alternate with other stem-vowels which will be termed secon-
dary. For instance, 3a0enex-u ‘he notes’ (M is the primary stem-
vowel), 3a6enex-e-B ’] might note’ (e is a secondary stem-vowel),
3a0esexK-a-BTe ’you noted’ (a is a secondary stem-vowel). In some
forms the primary stem-vowel disappears, in which case we speak of
a zero stem-vowel: contrast the 3rd sg. pres. uye and 3 sg. aorist
uy (=stem+zero stem-vowel + zero suffix).?

1 Let it be explicitly stated that this description is strictly synchronic. From
a historical point of view it is of course wrong to speak of the “disappearance“
or “dropping of a vowel in the aorist uy. But in this and other instances, the
facts of the contemporary language are interpreted only in terms of the present-day
system, Without historical considerations.

ago
Vu

6.02 The stem itself may be further analyzable. There is always
a root, and it may be preceded by one Or more prefixes and must
be followed by at least two suffixes, one of which is termed the
Stem-vowel, and the other is the ending (a morphological suffix).
Thus the form HansneryBane ‘they used to come out in great num-
bers’ consists Of a root (-ner-), two prefixes (Ha-H3-), a derivational
suffix (-yB-), the stem-vowel (-a-), and the ending (-ne).1 Ha-cnym-
H-y-Ba he) regularly eavesdrops’ has a root (-cnyw-), one prefix,
three stem-suffixes (the last of which is the stem-vowel) and a zero

Asoect Morphology

6.10 The categories of terminative and interminative aspect are
inherent in the verb itself. Macedonan verbs appear in pairs, since
each verb may be required in situations demanding one or the other
aspect. Only a few exceptional verbs may express both aspects.
Among the native Slavic verbs there are Only: Beyepa ’have supper’,
mpawia ‘ask’, wenupa ‘greet, kiss’ and ucnopema ‘confess’, which func-
tion aS both terminative and interminative, and muute ‘write’ is inter-
minative in the present (equivalent to muuwysa), but terminative in the
past (equivalent to Hanuwe). However, a number of new verbs formed
from foreign roots by means of the suffix--upa express both aspects;
for example Tenegonupa ‘to telephone’, Mackupa ‘tO mask’, and umu-
Tupa ’to imitate’. It may be noted that these verbs not only are ano-
malous because of the aspect, but also in that they usually stress
the m of the suffix, contrary to the anfepenult rule (cf. 1.42). When
it is cOnsidered necessary {0 mark the aspect Of one of these double-
aspect verbs, a specific form may be used; e. g. ucuennsa T ’kiss’,

‘ncnopenysa / ‘confess’.
6.11 The formal relationshij

aae AWassa 4 au P

denoting the same basic action is usually a very close one, but it is
not predictable. The difference may be expressed by a prefixed form
Opposed tO a non-prefixed one (Gapa /- noGOapa T ’seek’), by a dif-
ference. in suffix (@pna /- pan T ’throw’; tinyka /- nayKue 7 ’spit’),
by a difference in suffix plus modification of the stem (gaka /—

ohanariu TT fUaracn’ mararnnana i naornaAnnanau T JeAnuveArea’) nr wr ay
awrush & Bi Gop, pac! VOapa 1 ~ paosiUbDUpr fi VuUiiveiow ), wi a

completely different (suppletive) stem (caymia /— ye T ’hear’).
6.12 Verbs with the suffix -yspa are interminative. Otherwise,

tween the aspect pair of verbs

siven 2 single verb It fe imannee:hian to rarndniga thea aenarct De 14 one
Ss VOII a O1UIRIe VOILU, lio MN PUooiuie y cae we GAoperk se ve VUINe
has both members of an aspect-pair, it is usually clear which is the
terminative. Space does not. permit a detailed discussion, and we
ehall AnnfSinan nisernlesrnen haen A vie dil gienicnt een ha mac is nmwdant «=
Snail COnline Ourselves nere tO an outline of tne most impO7iani re-
1 This ending could be. further analyzed into a suffix -n- denoting the
particular participial form and another (-e) denoting plurality.
pe u pe ieiplal ws al sis ith 4 .)} Uv Al 5 v J

69

lationships and to a list illustrating all the possible types. There are
two productive suffixes used with native Slavic stems or foreign

alomante which hava Inct thair mark af faraiannace Tho cnuffiv =YB2
Ciliates Wridie mave 1O5se¢ uiice crearaA GF eUreigninless. ie sunk Vo

is widely used to make interminative verbs; -we makes terminatives.
(However -He is not exclusively an indication of terminativeness,
native, notably the journalist’s favorite jakne ’strengthen’!. Verbs
newly borrowed from other languages neatly always have the suffix
-Hpa and are indifferent as to aspect. They can be-made specifically
terminative by means of prefixation, however: cf. samackupa ’mask’,
McnaHukupa ’panic’, saanrakupa ’engage’, mpoananu3upa ‘analyze
thoroughly’.

6.2 The relationships which are represented by the most exam-
ples are the following:

1. Terminative has a prefix, interminative is non-prefixed.

mo6apa ~ G6apa seek’
u3mnve ~ MHe ’wash’
3a’pKe ~ ‘pe growl’

I]. Both verbs are simple or have the same prefix(es):
1. Terminative suffix -m ~ interminative -a;
pr ~ Ppa throw’
3a0opaBu ~ 3a0opaBa forget’
2. T suffix -u ~ / suffix -yBa:
Oaun ~ OaltyRa ’kiss’
OPK ~ OpxKyBa hold’
There may be hesitation between (1) and (2):
HaT@piu ~ HatT@pna/Hat@pryBa surpass’
3. T suffix -e ~ J suffix -yBa:
Kake ~ KaxyBa say’
vucupne ~ ucupnysa exhaust’
4. 7 suffix -ne ~ / suffix -a
WWIyKHe ~ MlyKa ’spit’
MOTCMeBHe ~ NOTCMeBa sneer’
o. 7 suffix -we ~ / Suffix -wyBa:
pwwenve ~ mpuwennyBa ‘whisper to’
or, with hesitation:
norlenHe ~ nornena/nornenHyra ’glance’
ocna6u/ocnadue ~ ocnaOHyBa ’weaken’
6. 7 suffix -ne ~ / suffix -Ka:
odue ~ oda *Sroan’
KpuHe ~ Kpuka ’creak’
1. 7 suffix -a ~ / suffix -yBa:
apeca ~ apecyBa ’please’
Hapaya ~ Hapa4yBa ’order’

70

6.21 Type II.1 exists in many verbs; but in verbs which are less
familiar in daily life, or in new formations, the 11.2 type seems to be
more important. Types II.3, 4 and 7 are not uncommon, but II.5 is
productive and seems to be replacing some other relationships. Type
I.6 is productive in making verbs from exclamations and onomato-

nneic elemantc frf oarhl Joucrkh oh ene imitation of crunching
PYYVI ey SAWS (ele Vy. vuUuLll, Vil; Wpeue fldearivil VE CAUMIGlgs

sound/).

6.22 The relationships of type | are for the most part given as
a part of the present lexical stock of the language. The prefixes are
productive in the strictly limited field of specializing new, foreign
verbs which are otherwise indifferent .as to aspect (cf. 6.12), and, in
the case of one prefix (mog-) of modifying the meaning of already

existing verbs, prefixed or not.

6.3 Only a few of the prefixes are still productive in Macedonian, and even
they are more restricted in their productive meanings than in the meanings which
they express in already extant verbs. 3a is productive to denote that an act is
viewed as beginning (aaatraxupa ‘to engage, hire’): sa-(mc-) denotes the full
completion of the act (ucnawukupa ‘panic completely’): mpe- shows an intensity
continuing from beginning to end of the action (mpoxomeitupa ‘comment com-
pes from per nna to end’). Toy-/not- is ey productive with native

lavic stems, to indicate that the action is of short duration or weak intensity

ore lift a little’, qdoptiaseme “bend over a little’, mopyuysa ‘teach a ‘little,
coach’).!

6.4 The following list gives alli the possible types of relationship’
inciuding a few examples already given. Some of the pairs here are

unique, Others are represented by two or three examples, and some
are relatively common.

Not infrequently there are alternate forms for one or both aspects, e. g.
nomMoxe/nomorHe T ~ nomara/nomoruysa / ‘help’. It has not been possible to establish
that any of these cases represents subdivisions of the aspects: they are purely
variant forms. in certain dialects, with certain verbs, an interminative in -ysBa or
-HysBa which exists beside another interminative with the same root (and prefixes)
may indicate repeated action. This is not, however, universal, and the literary
language has not fixed any norm of usage. Only by asking the writer can one
ascertain whether a difference in the use of such forms in a text corresponds to
a difference in shade of meaning, There are a few verbs whose lexical meaning
includes repetition, as for example Bufasa/sugyBa I ’see often, habitually’.

Non-prefixed verbs | Prefixed verbs

T ~ I t” ~ I
plu ~ dpa throw 3a6opaBu ~ 3a60pasa forget
cTaBu ~ cTaBa place 3a6paun ~ 3a6pahysa forbid
BpaTuh ~ BpaK’a return 3aipxKH ~ 3amp%xysBa hold back

1 This meaning for nog- is specifically Macedonian, although there are certain
cases where in other Slavic languages the nuance of stealthiness sometimes intro-
duced by nog may approach this same sort of meaning. Ilo- also has the meaning
of short duration or weakened intensity in Macedonian, and there are some no-/noz-
doublets; ao, however, is no longer productive.

71

atu ~ aka grasp

NaTH ~ uwnaK’a pay

pomu ~ pafa bear

BUMM ~ riefa see

BeTH ~ Bek’aBa/ BeTyBa promise
Oaun ~ GauyBa kiss

Kauu ~ KayyBa climb

MeHH ~ MeHYyBa/MetbaBa Change

cnyyu ~ cayyypa happen

KpcTH ~ KpcTyBa KpwtaBa baptize |

npoctn ~ npowtasa forgive

pellin ~ peuiaBa/pemysa decide

BeHYa ~ BeuvaBa marry

apeca ~ apecysa please

Genonca ~ OenmvCysa please

KHHHCa ~ KuHHCyBa Set out

MbayKoca ~ MipalKa/MbaiKocyBa
plunder

Kaxke ~ KaxkKyBa Say

cpeTe ~ cpeTyBa'CpekaBa CpeTHyBa

met
geme ~ 3ema take
fame ~ Mapa give
Kage ~ KjaBa put
Kpene ~ Kpesa liff
yye ~ ciyiua hear
peye ~ BeNu/300pysa Say
MaBHe ~ Masa beat
pune ~ puna jump
nmaykue ~ mayKa spit
CKOKHe ~ cKOKa/CKaka/CKOKHYBa

opps ~ godpra/godmprnysa add
ocna0H,ocna6vHe ~ ocnaduysa weaken
uznece ~ w3HecyBa Carry

3anouke ~ 3anouHyBa begin
MOTCMeBHe Ce ~ NOg“cMeBa ce sneer
pa3-Oepe ~ pa3-6upa understand
no-cTene ~ Nlo-cTuna spread
Ha-Bpe ~ Ha-Bupa pull up

Ha-spe ~ Ha-supa look at

y-Mpe ~ y-Mupa die

3a-MH€ ~ 3a-nuHa Stop

O-TMe ~ O-THMa kidnap

cO-Tpe ~ Co-Tupa Wipe out
mpo-cTpe ~ mpo-cTupa spread
Mpo-30Re ~ Mpo-34Ba proclaim

- 3a-cite ~ 3a-cnuea fall asleep

no-Ove ~ no-6usa hit

Ha-BHe ~ Ha-BUuBa Wind -up
o-KHHe ~ O->kHMBa harvest
pac-Kpue ~ pac-Kp#Ba uncover
Ha-Ulve ~ Ha-1HBaA SeW on
u3-yiee ~ K3-NleBa pour out
06-nee ~ O6-nespa flood, water
u3-rpee ~ H3-rpepa dawn
3a-nee ~ 3a-nepa Start to sing”
y-cnee ~ y-cheBpa succeed, ripen
no-fye ~ no-nzyBa blow

o6ye ~ o6ysa put on shoes
v3-Beye ~ H3-BIeKYBa extract
H3-e3e ~ H3-eryBa exit
norogu ~ norafa/norogzysa hif, guess

jump cBuge ~ CButa please
nague ~ nafa fall qojne ~ oata/nojzyBa come, arrive
SupHe ~ SupKa peer nojze ~ noafa/nojayBa go, leave
odpuHe ~ oka groan OT-4e ~ OT-HyBa gO away
kyTHe ~ xyTuHa throw ;
Oontie ~ Oognva gallop
Forms

-1.0 The Macedonian verb has the following forms: ]. person-tense

forms, which express person +number and fense in present, imperfect,
and aorist; 1]. imperatives, witha second person pluralanda ‘singular
form; Ill. gender-forms of three types, the imperfect~l-participle, the
aorist l-participle, and the,n/t particiole,each of which has.a-plural
and three singular gender-forms (masculine, feminine, and neuter).

All regular verbs may have all of these forms, although in the great
majority of interminatives the aorist i-participie is not distinct from
the .imperfect I-participle. There are two more: forms which are pre-
dictable from interminative stems and which may be included for

onvenien roa oin PEACE ah eee ‘the varh- IVF oa verbal ‘oubotantive
conven Cuuweo | t ic Meo lipuvil Vi tlikn VUIWy Pv. A VORVUUEE , OHV OLUILE ¥&9

and V: a verbal adverb.

79
ta

1.1 The basic, or underlying, form is the third person singular of
the present tense. This is the form which furnishes the most - infor-
mation for predicting the other forms. It consists of the stem + zero
suffix. The last vowel of the stem is itself a suffix, but for conve-
nience if is termed the stem-vowel: rnena ’sees’, HOCH ’Carries’, mayue
‘falls’. Other forms a be described and predicted (synchronically)
in terms of the addition of endings, often with a change or loss of

ewig

the stem vowel, or nae with a modification of the ending.

7.20 Preliminary eee changes (ch 1.222) i123:
1.302).
7.21 lf-e follows nu, 0, or y,a -{- is inserted: mu-j-at they drink’,
O6po-j-atT ’they count’, uy-f-at ‘they. hear’.

qez2 When any three vowels come together, a -j- is inserted
before the third: nee-j-a ’they sang’, 3anea-j-a ‘they started to sing’.

8.0 Present tense.

8.01 Suffixes: -2mM, -Ww, -@; -me, -Te, -aT.

8.02 The stem-vowel is always dropped before the ist person
singular ending.

8.03 The stem-vowels Hw or e are dropped before 3rd_ plural
ending.

Examples:

] sg. 2 Sg. 3 sg. 1 pl. 2 pl. 3 pl.
rieg-am rema-i riega, rilewa-Me rileqa-Te rilena-at
HOC-aM : HOCH-1] HOCH, Hocu-Me HOCH-Te H3C-aT
nagi-am nafile-il nage, NanHe-Me nawHe-Te NagH-aT
uy-j-am yye-W uye, uye-mMe ‘4Yye-Te uy-j-aT
Opo-j-am Opou-w 6pon, Opou-Me Opou-Te Opo-j-atT -
T-j-am * Wwe-lW mne, nHe-Me nHe-Te n-j-aT

- 8.1 Irregularities. A few verbs have irregular 1 sg. forms: 3nae
aoe — 8HaM, jLale T gives’ — Dam. (But with prefixes these verbs
are regular: nO3Haam, npewanam ‘betray’.)

0.0 imperfect,
soft? gis eee oan

9.01 Suffixes: -B, -ilie, -ilie; -BME, -BTe, -a.
9.02°Stem-vowel u is replaced by -e before these endings:

stem 1 sg. 2 8. 3 Sg. ispl.- Soph 3 pl.

rhena rilelas rhemaue rnenaiie rienaBMe rfegastTe rnemaa
flamve Mawes Nakuewe nagveule NajkkeBMe NajkuesTe lanHea

HOCK = HOCeB Hocewe HOCceule HOCeBMe HOCceBTe HOCea :
Gpou . Opoes -O6poewe Opoeme GpoeBme’ Gpoeste .Opoeja (7.22)
uye | uyes yyeule yuyeuwe . 4uyeBMe uyyeBre 4uyela

nee nees neewe neee neesme neespTe neeja

ote

10.0 Aorist
10.01 Suffixes: -B, -2, -Z; -Bme, -BTe, -a.
10.02 If the stem-vowel e is preceded by u or y, it is dropped.
10.03 In all other cases, -e is replaced by -a.
Examples:

3aryiena 3arlenas 3arnema 3ariena 3arnefapme 3aryepasre 3aryemaa
W3HOCH U3HOCHB W3HOCH U3HOCH M3HOCMBMe U3HOCURTe U3HOCH{Aa (7.21)
NamHe awHap Wanna nafva namkvapMe fagvasTe fanaa

uye yyB yy yy yYyBMe yyBTe yyja (7.21)
vce uCcnMB HcNnH MCI HCTIMBMe uctIMBTe ucnuja (7,21)
3anee RZalleagn 3anea 3anea zaneanmMe 3alleasTe 3ameaja (7.22)

10.1 Irregularities. 10.11 In a small group of n-verbs, the stem-
vowel is replaced by a: 3anpxXu.— 3anpxKae.

Such verbs are: px -‘holds’, mexu ‘bie’, mwoxu ‘blink’, ’pxu
‘growl’, and their compounds.!

10.12 Some verbs may have either the regular form (which is

to be preferred) or that described in 10.11: 3a6enexu ‘note down’ —
3adenexKaB/3a0enexKUB.
So: 6on ce ‘fear’, Opou ‘count’, BOoOpyxu ‘arm’, rHon ‘rot’, rou
‘fatten’, aBOu ‘double’, mou ‘nurse, suckle’, Kpou ‘tailor’, moun ‘be
silent’, pou ce ‘teem’, Swarm’, cnou ‘join’, crpou ‘construct’, and
compounds; o6ecnoKon ‘disturb’, npucBon ‘adopt’.

10.13 In a small group of (intransitive) verbs, stem-vowel wn is
replaced by e: u3ropu ‘burn up’ — usropes. So: 3acTapn "become old’,
nocsupu ‘play’, oxKusy ’revive’, pa36onu ‘get sick’. (NB: When these
verbs are transitive, they are regular: u3sropus ‘“[ burned /some-
thing/ up’.)

10.14 Certain verbs whose stem vowel is m may replace it with
e in the second and third persons singular (only!): here belong nearly
all interminatives in wu, and certain terminatives whose final stem
consonant is T Or &: mucnw — mucne ‘think’, Hocu—HOCe ’carry’,
BpTH — BpTe ‘turn’, 3aTpeleTu — 3atpenete ‘shudder’.

10.15 Compounds of the verb 3nae ‘know’ lose the stem-vowel;
e. §. NO3HAB, NO3Ha ‘recognized’.

10.16 In a small number of verbs, the final root consonant chan-
ges, #K —T, and 4—K. axe ~ (u3)naraB ‘lie’, cTpyxe — (u)cTpy-
rap ’scrape’, cyye — (3a)cykaB ‘roll’. Cf. also 17.315.

10.161 Compounds of the verb Kaxe change the stem se
e.g. MoKaxe prove’ ~ nOKa3aB. (But KaxKe ~ Kaas.)

. 1 The term compound is used in the morpholo
ey

which differ from the base-form only in that th
in this sense a compound of mpxu.

74 .

11 The imperfect {-participle.
The suffixes -m (masculine), -na (feminine), -mo (neuter), -me
(plural) are added to the imperfect stem as defined in 9.02 above.

Examples:
rnega — rnelad,, name — Naguela, yye — yyeno, HOCH ~ HoCcene.

12.0 The aorist 1-participle.
12.01 The same 1-suffixes (-n, -ma, -m0, -me) are added to the
aorist stem as defined in 10.02, 10.03 above.

Examples :

garsela — 3arfenan, W3HOCH —= H qe lan
—HcMun, 3anee — 3amean, 3anpxKH — 3ampxKan, 3a6en
“3nara — u3saraJ, : :

19 wera ry ree urerry WOomsA
nawnas, We — WyJi, 4Cnive

KH — 3a6eNexan/sabenexus,

12.1 Irregularties.

12.11 The verb moxe ’be able’ has beside the regular moxen,
moxena etc., the forms f. morna, n. morno, pl. morse (no masculine!),
which are used almost exclusively with negations. The verb nomaxe
has an irregular masculine nomoros only in the fixed phrase Bor Tu
nomoron ’God help you’.

13 The njt participle.
| 13.01 The suffixes are: m. -H f. -Ha, n. -80, pl. -HM; Or -Te,
-Ta, -TO, -TH.

13.011 Stems whose last consonant is H or t& take the T-suffixes.
All other stems take the n-suffixes.

13.02 Stem-vowel u is replaced by e.

13.03 Stem-vowel e remains if preceded by u or y, but is re-
placed by a in all other cases.

%

Examples:
rieqla— rieqak, Bplui— Bpulen, 4ye — 4yeH, HcMHe — HCNHeH, 3anee — 3anean:
6Oatba — Oatbat, mane — maslWaT, CKHH@ — CKMHaT, pant — paner.

13.1 Irregularities

= Se sat

13.11 A few verbs retain the stem-vowel e, contrary to 13.03
mowTe—nowten ‘search.for lice’.

13.12 A small group of verbal roots with a basic stem in -e
may form both interminative and terminative n-participles. In such
cases the stem-vowel e remains unchanged in the interminative (con-
_trary to 13.03), but is replaced by a in the terminative. So: smuxe
‘lick’ — myxkeH/nvKaH, HwKe ‘string’ — HwKeH/HWKaH, Upme ’draw’ —
uprieu/ (Mc) upmaH, nee ‘sing’ — neeu/ (3a)neau, Muye ‘Curse’ — nuyeH
/muyjau (7.21), mpeme ‘doze’ — mpemen/(3a)apeman.

75

13.121 Simiiarly, a smali group of roots with stem-vowel u form
an interminative. participle in -en (13.02) and a terminative one in
-aH rnon ‘rot’ — ruoen/rnojan.

13.122 Some terminative verbs which may have a or u in the
aorist (13.121) have the alternative forms in the n-participle also,
with no difference in meaning; 3a6enexen/3a6enexaH, (JO) 6nuxen/

(10 )O.AWKaH.

Seer a sana

14. Imperative. _

14.01 Suffixes: 2 sg., -u; 2 pl., -eTe.

14.011 If the imperative stem (cf. below) ends in a vowel, the
suffixes take the form -j, -jre.

14,02. Stem-vowels e and'm drop.

14.03 Stems in -yBa may lose the -Ba-.

Examples:
rieqa — riegaj, rienajte; nanne — nagnu, NamnetTe; Hoc — HOCH, HOceTe;
nue — nuj, nujte; uye — 4yj, 4uyjTe; KakkyBa — Keay eaTany KakyBajTe/KaxyjTe.

14.1 Irregularities,
_ 1411 The verbs kname *put’ and mame
Maj, wajre.
14.12 The verb zpxu ’hold’ has beside the regular Ip KH, IpKeTe,
the forms pw, pure.

15. Verbal adverb. Can be formed only from interminative
verbs. The stress always falls on the penult (cf. 1.42).
15.01 The suffix is -jru.
_ 15.02 Stem-vowel u is replaced by e.
Examples:
riena — rienajk’n, Bene ‘wilt’ — BeHejK’n, BPlin — BplwejK’H, fue ~ NuejK’ 4,
Nee — Neejk’n.
15.1 The terminative verb 6une ‘be’ forms Ounejx’n.

16. Verbal , Substantive; can be formed only from inter-
minative verbs.
16.01 Suffix -the is added to the same stem as for verbal adverb.

~

Examples:
riema rielate, Bpillt Bpilierbe, mve Tvetbe,, mee Meetbe, BeHE BEeHErDeE.
16.1 The terminative verb Benya *betroth’ forms BeHYatbe.

17.0 Irregular verbs. All irregular verbs have the stem-vowel
-e, and the irregularities are chiefly in the aorist,-the aorist |-parti-
ciple, and the n/t participle.

1 The dialect forms raej(te) and npaj(Te), for literary nana lipapy/npa-
Bete, are frequently found in dialogues.

76

17.01 However the vérbs Buu (T) ’see’, cemu (/) ’sit’, nocenu
(7) ’sit, visit? have irregular aorists: the siem-vowel nis replaced
by e in 2- 3 sg. and by o in all other persons: e.9.

BUILOB, BHILE, Bue, BUIOBMe, BHEOBTe, BuyLOa.

17.011 The compounds of Banu 7take out’ may have these form
beside the regular ones: e.g. H3Ba){HB/H3Ba OB, u3BalH/H3Balle.
17.1 Some verbs retain the stem- vowel e in the aorist, - aorist

1 etary nA nonactic (contrary InNnn2 19 11 13.02 . 13.03)
par ticiple, ana dl pal ticiple (evytlilel a Af to LU.UVU Lic. i ds &y
onpe .’reach’ — yonpes, nonpes, onpen. So: (0)npe,? (30)Bpe

boil’, (3a)upe flay’, (Ha)spe ’observe’, (y)mpe ’die’, (clpo)cTpe ’spread’.

i7.ii Compounds of cnue ’sieep’ and »xHue ’harvesi’, and OnSBue
*resound, answer’ replace the -we- by. a in the aorist, aorist 1-parti-
ciple, and n/t participle: 3acnaB/ooHaB/ONSBap, gacrias/oxnasl/onsBan;
3acmaH/O2KHaT/OSBaH (but cnues/xHueLT).

17.2 A few verbs have a completely different stem for the aorist,
aorist I-participle and n- are Oepe ’take’ — (Ha)Opas, (Ha)6pan,
ee mepe ’flay’ (o)npas, (O)pan, pas; Nepe ’wash’ —
(O)Mpas, (o)npas, mpaH; Kone ’slaughter’ — (3a)kulab, (3a)Kuian, KJ1aH ;
(lo)ctTene ‘spread’ — (lo) cnap, (no)cnan,.(no)cnan; Mene ‘grind’ —
(Co)MneB, (CO)MHen, (CO)MsIeH/MeneH: The unprefixed Kone and Meat
have alternate forms Meslen/Msen, KONes/K Nas.

17.3 Further irregularities concern a‘ limited number of roots;
and will be presented in tabular form without further discussion.

17:31 A very common group of verbs has a secondary stem-
vowel o in the aorist in all forms except the 2-3 singular, where the
primary e remains. The o is also found in the masculine form of
the een F participle in many verbs, but the other forms have a zero

ve weee

lio
stem n-part. aor. 2-3sg. aor. 1 sg. aor. I-part. m./f.
Tpece (Cc \T pecen (c)Tpece (c)TpecoB (c)Tpecon, (c)Tpecta
shake”
marta IArDA fualnarna yalnaran ralnmacnn TACHA
fiaCcc HaccH {Hajlace (Ha)nacos (Ha)naco; | iaCJla
‘pasture’
Be3e Be3eH (Ha)Be3e (Ha)Be30B (Ha'Be30N, -Be3uia

rpu3e (n3)rpusex (u3 rpH3e (H3)rpH30B (u3)rpu3on, -rpH3sia
ee ? )
G gnaw

2 When the prefix is enclosed in parentheses, the rule applies fo all verbs
formed by prefixation jfrom the same root and having the same suffixes and
sten- Tt f hus (20)npe stands also for 3anpe, onpe, notTnpe. Irregularities will:
be noted in the vocabulary.

Th

PioiZ
peye peyen peye peKoB peKoui, peksa

So also the compounds of peue ’say’; Teue ‘flow’ and its com-
pounds; coOneye ‘undress’, oOseye ‘dress’, (nO)Bneue ’drag’ and other-
compounds; ceye ‘cut’? and compounds; Tonye ‘push, knock’ and
compounds.

17.313
(B)neze (B)Ne3eH (B)neZe (B)neroB (B)nNeron, -Nerga
; . enter’
17.314

MON3e€ MOJBEH (H3)MONZE (H3)MON30B/ (H43)MON30N, -MOJI3NA/
(u3)MonroB (H3)MOnron, -mouraa
milk’
17.315
CTpwke CTpwxan/ ocTpuxKa/ oOcTpHxas/
CTDpWKeH OCTpHxe/ oOcTpuroB/ OCTPHron, OcTpurna
OCTPHKH OCTPHKKB "shear’
17.316

(H3)Bene (W3)BeqeH (M3)Bene (u3)BeOB (H3)Ben, ~BenNa
‘lead (out)’
So also pane give’ jane ‘eat’, u3eme ‘eat up’, KNane ’put’;
Kpane ’Steal’. . :

1317
nnere mieteH (uc)nnete (uc)nneToB (ucjnnen, -~nena
’braid’
SO also MeTe ’sweep’, cpete ’meet’, and compounds.
17.318
rHetTe rHeTeH (Ha)rHeTe (Ha)rHeTOB rey, rHena (rare)/
rueten, ruetesa
’press’
17.319
(v3)Hece (H3)HeceH (H3)HeCe eee (u3)HecOn, -Hecna/
more rarely) (u3)HeN, -HeNa
carry (out)’
17.320
pacTe (u3)pacten (u43)pacte (v3)pacToB (H3)pacTon, -pacna

STOW

78

17.321

seme -. 3eMey 3ee 3e]0B 3eN 3ena ‘take’
{i322
ve ywleH (oT)ume (OT)HOB HUO., uuina ‘go’
So also oTune 'go out, away’, and other compounds.
ieseo
ojme .O]eH nojne 0] 0B qowos/ howna/
nojlen, oj mena.t
’arrive’

So also Hajne ‘find’, nojme ‘set out’, 3ajme ‘Set’, mpejme ’cross’.
u3Hajsre find’.

18.0 The verb ’to he’ is irregular, and has various stems. The
present tense is: jac CyM, TH CH, TO] e; HHe CMe, Bue CTe, THe Ce.
The imperfect is formed from a stem 6e-: OeB, Serle, Sele; GeBMe,
6erTe, Gea. These forms are also used for the aorist, although there
is a rare 3rd singular form 6u, and an even rarer and dialectal form
Onjle Occurs occasionally in the literature. The terminative verb
OugHe may furnish a regular aorist OuwHaB which is frequently used
where Ges would be less Clear.

Sowro He GufHa taka? Why wasn’t it like. that? Why
didn’t it happen like that?

The terminative imperfect |-participle 6unen is used in sOme cases
where the terminativeness is to be stressed, but the usual interminative
I-participle (both for aorist and imperfect) is 6un. The imperative
is 6uaH, G6ugeTe ’be!’

19. This exhausts the inventory of the verbal forms of Mace-
donian. Each one of the forms expresses certain of the categories
sketched previously in section 5, taking on additional nuances from
the context and speech situation in which it is used. Before discussing
the meanings and uses in detail, let us give a tabular synopsis of
the forms themselves. The verb pewiaBa (7)/pewu (/) ‘decide’ has
been used aS a model, since it occurs often in the subsequent exam-
‘ples. The first and second persons singular and the third person
plural are given for each possible set Of forms. To illustrate the
distinction, between the interminative imperfect and aorist i-pariicipies,
‘the forms of yuu ’study’ are supplied, for pemaBa has but a single
form. On the compounds made up of the |-participles plus the forms
of ‘to be’, see below, 24.03. it may be noted here that in transiating
the interminative verb pewasBa it is Often better to use such locutions
as ,try to decide, work on, deliberate“.

1In many dialects, the nojnen forms are specifically imperfect 1\-participles;
some other dialects do not even have the forms.

79

08

II
IVE | TERMINATIV
ECT ANCED i DIRECT. | DISTANCED |
y pela
| pewmur
i cym yyen |} PculH .cyM peulen
; i cu yuer | CHopedlen
i yuen pees peuien
pewewe
i peuiea
cym yuna || pewms cyM pews
' cw yuun peu cM peu
' yausne pewuja pewnae

pew, peluete

pewen a

I
INTERMINAT
DIRECT | ST
pewiaram yuam
PRESENT peulanaul ? yan
peulapaaT i yuar
PAST | Imperfect | pewasas yues cyM peulabas
peulasaule = >: yuewe cv peuaBay
peusanaa i yuea pellanaste
Aorist pewabap yuHB
peuapa + yun
peulabaa i yunja
paneretive ve | pellasaj(Te)
n/t fe enrcnle pewasBaH
H Adverd pewiasajku
peulaparbe

| Substantive |

B. Meaning and Use of the Verbal Forms

Direct forms

20.0 Present forms, General meaning, witnessed or. vividly
conceived action, given without specific reference to time. It is Op-
posed to the past forms (imperfect and aorist), which specifically state
time seeOly fo the moment of utterance, one. like them is Opposed ‘to

20.1 The ‘sil meaning of the present is action viewed as con-
temporaneous Wie ae speech ¢ event, i. e, yhow". It may be an ae
(now + enter other times“) or a Statement of general "validity
(,now + always“).

To} Oaw cera ja pelliapa He’s deciding the matter
Taa paodota. right now.

Joj cekoj MeH pewaBa He solves problems every
aaa. day.

ConeTO 3ajayBa Ha 3anag. The sun sets in the west.

20.11 The context may show that an action which is viewed
as now in progress has been continuing for some time (,,nOwW + past“).

Toj mBa yeHa ja peulaBa He has been working at
Taa 3aaua. that problem for two
days.
Tpu eva e KONOHaTa BO The column has been on
MOXON. the march for three days.
BouwliKo On CBanOata Mue- BoSko hasn’t put a drink
' He Beke B yCTa He Typa. into his mouth since the

wedding (and he’s not

drinking now).

20. 12 The context may show that an action is future; the speak-
er considers it so certain that he views it as a present fact.

Yrpe, 3amyTpe, Tu ue yMu- Tomorrow, day after to-
paudka., eo morrow, your time
(death) is coming.
Tu ja aBamM KepKa Mu! Pil give you my daughter (in
Marriage)!

20.13 The context may indicate that the action is past. Two
cases may be distinguished. In a subordinate clause, the use of the

present interminative indicates an action contemporaneous with the
time of the main verb.

3HaeB Toral Beka ToOj ja | knew at the time that he
pewaBa. . was solving it.

Gonian grammar 81

The ,now“ has here been transferred to the time of the event narra-
ted instead of the time of utterance. In the other case, an indepen-
dent statement using the present may be part of a larger context
which has been specifically defined as taking place prior to the mo-
ment of utterance. The definition can be achieved by the use of the
past tenses or by time expressions.

Noroa Toj onu (pres.) BO —- Then (after 1895) he goes

Pycnja, Kale WTO LuMIO- to Russia, where he gra-
mMupa (pres.) 1902... duates in 1902... (Cf. text
on p. 121)

This so-called historical present“ is a widely used device for mak-
ing an account of past events more vivid.

20.2 All these instances illustrate the use of the interminative
present (/pr) forms. The terminative present (7Zpr) has in common
with them the general meaning of presentness (opposed to pastness),
but adds the terminative sense Of completion of action. 7pr forms
indicate that the completion is viewed as achieved either in the plan
of the speaker, or immediately following upon the completion of
some Other action. These forms can be used only with certain con-
junctions which define more closely the time or condition of the
completion (ga ’that’, cf. 21 below; axo ’if’; and ypu we until’),
Or with the projective modal particle ke.

For example,

Jlypu He Hajmam HelITO 3a Until | find something
Hea, He Ke mOjjam. for her, | won't go.

Until sets the term for the completion of the action, which will
then be followed by another action.
20.21 With ke (which itself denotes the manifestness of the action),

the 7pr usually indicafes a confidently expected future action.

Toj Ke ja pew 3amayata He will solve the problem
yTpe. tomorrow.

20.211 The negation of this future may utilize the normal ne-
gative particle He: Toj He_Ke_ja_pewin.t More usual, however, is the
impersonal HeMa+jla-+present: Hema ma ja pewiu, Hema a ja pe-
iuute. ’He, you won't solve it.’

20.212 Future actions may be expressed by the impersonal verb uma +
na + present, but the meaning then includes — to a greater or lesser degree,

1 Historically, Ke is from‘the verb xarkts ’want, wish’, but in Macedo-
nian it is now only a particle. The negative of this old verb has, however, re-
tained the meaning and a full conjugation: mejxe. It functions as the negation
of the new and typically Macedonian verb caka ’want, wish, love’.

82

depending on the context — something of the ordinary significance of ume
is, one should’. Mma na ja peuwume thus may’ mean ’We shall solve it’, or ‘It’s
here for us to solve’, or ’We should solve it’

If the verb uma takes personal suffixes, the meaning of obligation or duty
becomes somewhat stronger, but the sense ’to have’ also is present: MmMaw na

ja pewnw = ’You should (ought fo) solve it’, or ’You have it to solve.’

20.22 If the context so indicates, the same form represents an
habitual. action; the end is confidently expected to be achieved on
many Occasions.

Toj Ke mojne, Ke cenne, u He usually comes, sits dowr,
Ke pew OOu4HO HeKO]a and solves some problem.
3alaua.

Here ‘the series of terminative forms shows that one act follows
another as a chain; first the coming is achieved, then the sitting, and
then the solving. Not infrequently, such a form may be used in con-
juction with an interminative present (/pr), emphasizing the general
quality of the action, and noi mentioning its completion.

Kora Ke ce nanytu (7), When (ever) he gets angry,

He ce werysa (/). ie ney joke (=he’s
in ear

20.23 The expected future may be conditional upon the fulfil-
ment of another action, which is also viewed as highly probable. The
condition may be expressed by the 7pr with the conjunction ako ’if’,
or, less frequently, the particle mu.

AkO MH ja peluMu Taa 3a- If you solve this problem
maya, Ke TH Ovnam for me (and | think you
Onaromapen. will), | will be grateful

to you.

AKO cakall, Ke mMoKelu. lf you want to, you'll be

able to. |

He foOjmew su, Ke TH If you don’t come, Ill call
BUKHaM. you.

In the last example, it would be more usual to say ako He
Oj ew.

20.3 The /pr forms are used with ke in the same way, except
that the completion of the action is not mentioned, but the event is
presented as though contemporary, in process.

Toj] Ke peuwasa yTpe 3a He’ll be working on that problem
Taa paOoTa. tomorrow.

CO
Go

6*

20.31 Sometimes, however, the projective value of Ke does not

make the action future, but rather injects an element of surprise:

Takpa OymanauitTuna ue Ke Such stupidity surely can’t ‘be
ce Hiaofa Ha BeKoB! found in this age!
Koj Ke, yyKa BO OBa Who could be knocking in this
HeBpeme? bad weather?
“Koj ke e paka 2Oouna? Who could it be {at the door)
so late?

In all these cases, the speaker recoghizes that the action or
process expressed by the /pr is manifest, but he chooses to view it
as a little bit remote.

20.32 The action expressed by ke + /Jpr may be shown by the

context to be valid only on the fulfilment of some other action,
which is not necessarily viewed as possible.

fla cw ymeu, He Ke 36o0py- If you were intelligent (and it
Baill Taka. seems most unlikely), you
wouldn’t talk like that.
fia me Cakall, He Ke umaltl if you loved me, you wouidn’t
CTpas. - be afraid.

21.0 Here we will digress from a discussion of the strictly
verbal categories to treat an important syntactical combination, the
conjunction ga + present. fla functions simply to show a subordi-
nation; the verb accompanying it is viewed as secondary to some
other action, expressed or not. The exact nature of this secondary
event and of the relation to the primary action is determined by the
context or the speech situation.

21.1 Frequently a + present simply is the name of the action,
expressing Only person + number and tense.

He MOxe Ja ja peulasa. He can’t work on it.

He moxe Ja ja peuin. He can’t solve it.

He moxelwe aja pewaza. He couldn’t work on it.

He moxetiie Wa ja pen. He couldn’t solve it.

He Ke moe ma ja pewasa. He won't be able to work on it.

He Ke moxe fa ja pewn. He won’t be able to solve it.

[locTa mu e camo TeG6e Ja It’s enough for me only to listen
Te cyyiulam (/).4 fa Te to you and to look at you.
rnezam (/). E, yuwire ma Oh, if only | could kiss you
MoxaMm ‘/) fa Te too!

Oauam (7).

Oo
H>

21.2 It may take on a meaning of purpose, with degrees of
urgency which are determined by the context:

lojme ma ja pewaspa/peun. He came to work on/solve it.
My nopayaa Jia ja They ordered him to work
pelwaBa/pewn. on/solve it.
Caka ja ja pewasa/pemn. He wants to work on/solve it.
He cym houwna 2a cnywam ] haven’t come to listen, but to
( ), TyKy Ma Se talk!
(7)! 5;

21.21 To make explicit the meaning of purpose, ma may be
accompanied by ga.

Bp3am 3a ga ro garam j I’m hurrying in order to catch
BO30T. the train.

21.3 When ya'+ present is followed by a Clause containing
either of the modal particles Ke or 6n, the verb in the ja-clause
represents a condition viewed as impossible or extremely unlikely;
it is dependent on still another action, which may or may not be clear
from the context.

Jac a CymM Ha TBOe MeCTO, If | were in your place, I’d do
HELUTO Apyro OM Hanpa- something else.
Buda. :

ia moxe Oe6eTO a npos- If the baby could talk, he’d say

_ OOpysBa, OH TH peKNO... to you..

dla cu ymen, He Ke 300py- If you were intelligent, you
Ball Taka. wouldn’t talk like that.

low, Kamer jla ce cKpue, Even if he hides under a stone,
Ke ro npoxaj yam. * PI find him.

‘ta nanue na mnekn, If he fell on his back, he’d
{Ke cu ro CKpwH uocoT.) break his nose.

\HOcoT 6 cM ro cKpwus.f

21.4 Na+ present without a following Ke or 6n may still have °
a conditional sense, but the action is viewed as more probable.

lf it could be that | could be

jja e a cym Ha TBOe j in your place!
mMecTo! ; May it be that } am in your
a place!

Vrna na dpanu, Hema Kaj If you threw a needle, there’d
la name. be no place for it to fall.

(A common saying meaning
"jam-packed with people’’.)

85

21.5 It is frequently elliptical (as in some of the above cases),
and a translation into English may supply should’, ’would’, ‘like’, or
‘intend’. In some situations or contexts, it expresses doubt as to the
possibility or desirability of an action.

Tia Geram (/)! fla nopyram

(T) uw TaTKO HU MajKa.
Jlene, wTO jla npaBam
(T)?

Ta He cakail (/) a 3a Hero
Ma ja mameme (T)!

[Monologue, cf. text on p. 129}

-Should i run away? Make a

laughing-stock of both mother
and father? Alas, what should
| do?

You surely don’t want us to
marry her to him!

21.6 In other situations, the combination can show a closer
interest of the speaker in the realization of the action.

E, ajme kaxu. — fla tu
Kaxkam, Jia TH Kaokam,
Opate cylamoK...

Ila 3Haew, Jlenye, Oonen
CyM...

Go ahead, tell us. — I'll tell you,
let me tell you, dear brother...

You should know, /may you
know,/ so that you know,/
Lence, I’m sick.

21.1 This type of clause may directly express an exhortation or

a wish.

CnaTKo ja CNHewW, ClaTKO
Wa COHYBAalW.

3mpapje ma umaTe!

Cera Ia BuJLuMe WTO Mall
ma MM Kadkel.

Ta cemnam.

Ajme ma ro nilayeme!

BonKoT yla ro jane!

PakaTa Jia MM Ce HCYUIH,
alla Ka Me u3ele Tpo-
rapa!

May you sleep sweetly, es you
dream sweetly.

May you have health!

Now let’s see what you have to
tell me.

Let me sit down.

Come, let’s mourn for him.

May the wolf eat him!

May my hand wither, may the
three-headed dragon devour
me!

21.71 Since this meaning its not explicit in the ga, ma with a 3rd
person verb may be replaced by Heka, which has no other meaning.

Heka mn e.kuB!

Heka my e Ha 3ipapije!
AKO CH mouNana HeKa CH
HaCTaBH Oke
Ba COH

(1)
“Ha mpyrute.

86

May he flourish! (Stronger than
the conventional formula, [la
MU @ DKHB!)

May it be healthy for him!

If (Since) she’s begun, let her
continue.

Let him at spoil tha

we Lhasa no t tile

others.

sleep of

21.8 Here are some other characteristic examples of ma + present.

He cme Opane 3aeQHO adbHOH, Ta Ha
uMe fla Me Bukaw (/), adbvouapKa
HHegHa !

Kako ma Te OcTapam (7) na nnewm(!)?

Uito ce cmeelu! — Kako ma He ce
cmeamM, Opate ?

JauiTO ma He ce BeceNlaM, Kora MH e
apHo ?

JlecHo Tu e Te6e, aynja, na OnNW (7)
Ha ayHuiak, fa. My ce Kiama (/)
Ha rocnoga, ma my Nanuw (/) cBeku
Hu KaHMusa, Kora apyru 3a TeOe pa-
OoTarT.

TH uMaw Gapem KOj Ma Te 4eKa.

Ila nueme: enHaw ce *xnBee. Bea nueme
nak cCTpaulHoO e ma ce x«xnBe.

Ytpe MH € meHOT ma my ja NnatTam
RUXBaTa, a HEMaM.

E, nycta po6ysayxa! fla He MoxKew
(J) HH CNpoTH Hemena ga Nocemuu
(7) Kako yoBeK CO Jyfe, MaKuTe a
CH TH ucKaxeu (7)! ;

Kora Ojme fa ce nee xumHaTa, jac TH
NOwvaB Kako TpeOa...

We haven’t picked poppies together,
that you should Ss call me by
name, you poppy-picker you!

How shall (can) t ne you to drink?

Why are you laughing! — How can
{ not laugh, brother:

Why not be fey: when things are fine
for me? (Why shouldn’t I be...)
It’s easy for you, hadZi, to go on a
pilgrimage, to bow down to the Lord,
to light candles to him, when others

are working for you.

You at least have someone to wait
for you.

Let’s drink — you live only once.
And without drinking it’s terrible
to live.

Tomorrow is the day for me to pay
him the interest, and [have nothing.

Oh, damned slavery! That you can't
sit with people like ‘a man even on
the eve of Sunday, tell about your _
troubles ! ;

When it came (time) to sing the hymn,
{ began properly...

22.0 The imperfect. General meaning: action viewed as contem-
poraneous with another moment in the past, and non-distanced, The
moment with which it is coordinated may be an event or a time
which may be named, or not. The imperfect and aorist are both
Opposed to the present in that they specify pastness. The imperfect
is Opposed to the aorist in that the latter does not specify contem-
poraneousness. All three are opposed to the |-forms in that they are
non-distanced.

- The general range of use of the imperfect is very similar to
that of the present, for the present usually signals contemporaneous-
Ness and present, while the imperfect signals contemporaneousness
and past. As the terminative present occurs only in the presence of
certain conjunctions and the modal particles, so the terminative
imperfect is.not found without these same particles and conjunctions.

22.1 The interminative imperfect shows an action going on at
a moment prior to the moment of utterance:

To] ja pewapauwe Buepa

He was working on that matter
Taa padoTa.

yesterday.

22.2 |In‘the course of a narrative there is frequently a contrast
of aorist (terminative) and imperfect (interminative) verbs. The
aorists mark simpie points in past time. They build the chain of

87

events and actually tell the story, while the imperfects denote actions
coordinated with the aorists. .The imperfects paint the background
against which the aorists take place. For example, from the story on
page 140:

Taa Toraul TykyuITOo HanomHu She then had just reached (7a)

(Ta) i5 roguuu, a Jane
uMauwe (/i) mpexy 30...
Eguaul ce Bumoa (7a) ...
Kora ro moKanu (7a) Mutpe
... Taa ru mnoyectu 7a)
cnaTKO... 3umaTa ce Rane
(Ta) 360por. Mutpe umawe
(/i) dypka... a Jane pa6o-
Tee (/i)... EgqHo yrTpo,
OTKOra ja Haropu (7a)
Mutpe... JaHe zojae (Ta)
uv My peve (Ta)...

15 years, while Jane was (/i)
over 30... They saw (Ta)
each other once... when Mitre
invited (7a) him. She served
(Ta) them the sweet. That
winter the agreement was made
(Ta). Mitre had (/i) a bakery...
and Jane worked (/i)... One
morning, when Mitre had lit
(Ta) it... Jane came (7a) and
said (7a) to him...

e

Here the main points are the eight aorists, while the two cases
of umaue and the pa6oiiewe explain some Of the circumstances
subordinate to these points: they specifically mark the contempora-
neousness with the moment in the past defined by the successive com-
pleted past actions. Further in the same story (cf. page 143):

Bpsea (/i) rogunu. Jane cexoia The years went by (/i). Jane came

3uMa umeule (/i), ocTaHy-
Bale (/i) nO HeKOj Mecell H
nak ce BpaKauwe (/i) BO
BykypewT. ®pocunaparawe
(/1) Rela, HW WITOM Ke ru n0-
mOmpactewe (7i), yMupaa
(/1). Met pomu (Ta), 4 cuTe
neT ympea (7a).

(/i) every winter, remained
(/i) a month or so and then
returned (/i) to Bucharest. Fro-
sina bore (/i) children, and as
soon as she raised them up a
bit (71), they died (/i). She bore
(Ta) 5, and all 5 died (7a)

All of these actions up to the last sentence are presented as in

sented as tha rantor ahanrit which
semea aS ine center apout Wilich

Ha Hej3HHOTO sIMuUe Npea Bpeme
ce noKaxaa (7a) Opa3qM.

the process of happening, and the context shows that they repeated..-
In the last sentence, the birth and death of the five children is pre-
the whole paragraph is built. The

next sentence gives another aorist, the result of all these actions:

On her face lines appeared
(Ta) prematurely.

22.3 When used with the projective particle Ke, the imperfects

parallel the presents.

Thus ke + imp. rfect represents the future as viewed from a

llotoa Toj Ke pelwaBawe 3a
pa3HH Mpalatha ylTe He-
KONKy Tena.

Toj cekoj meu Ke ja 3emele
. (Ti) Kunrata v Ke peulapawe
, (i) 3amayn.

Ke: mMoxkewWe, ako Cakawe.

- Yuite monro Ke ce
MayeBMme (/1).

Ako ja peweme (71) Tora
pa6oTata, Hemale jeHecka
qa Ouyle Baka.

Toj Ke pellapawe (/i), ma
mokewe t/i).

[lo6po Ke Gewe (/i), ma ja
pewewme (71).

Toj Ke ja peweme (71) Taa
paOoTa Toralll, CaMO a He
Gee (Ji) cnpeyex.

Jia ympes (71) Byepa,

He Ke 3Haep (/i) 3a OBA. }
He Ov 3Haen (/i) 3a OBa.
fia me ocTaBea (7i) HeMa-
*KeHa MO 20-Ta rowquna, Ke
MoxeB (/i) Ma 3eMam Camo

BIOBeL.

Jja nexewe (7i) Toj ywtTe
HaJLBOp, U jac Ke my yypeB
(Ti) Hekoja KuouAa.

Hekoj nmopaHo ma mn pac-
lipaBpauie (71) OTH Cé OBa
MOKeNO (71) Ha ce H3 DPX,
He Ke MY BepyBaB -(71)...
Ke ro MuCaeB (7 i) HOMeCTeH.

moment prior to the moment of utterance, an habitual action in past
time, or the result of a past condition whose fulfillment is believed
possible.

Then he was going to work
on various questions for a
few days more.

Every day he would take the
book and solve problems.

You could have (done it) if .
you had wanted to.

We would have struggled a
long time more.

' If he solved the matifer then.

(and we think he did), he
had no right to have been
like that today.

He would have worked at it.
if he had been able.

It would have. been good if he-

had solved it.

He would have solved that
roblem_ then, . if only he
adn’t been hindered.

if i had died yesterday, | would

not have known about this.

if they’d ieft me unmarried
until ] was 20, I’d have been
able to marry only a_ wid-
Ower.

If he had been lying outside
still, | too would have given
him a biow or two.

[f someone had told me _be-
fore, that all this could be
endured, i wouldn’t have
believed him... I’d have
thought him crazy.

22.4 These examples have also shown that the use of na + imper-

fect is parallel to that of ma + present, except for the marking of
pastness. The variety of meaning of the subordination expressed by

89

na is much smaller with the imperfect, however, and except for the
contrary to fact conditions already given, the construction is rare.

Eno Kade ja my cBap- We might have made him
epme (Ti). some coffee.

STV Ore ene) Som ee ee a ren 8 aaa eee an WON ates ee p99) ee ee re ay
IniS iS parauei tO 4 preseim Siaieiment, Let uS make (a My CBapHMe).

23.0 The aorist. General meaning: witnessed action viewed as
having taken place tefore the moment of utterance.- The aorist is
opposed to the imperfect in that it does not specify contemporane-
ousness; both are opposed to the present because they specify pastness.
All are opposed to the I-forms because they are non-distanced.

23.1 Interminative aorists are rare.

Toj peiapa, pewapa, ama He worked and worked at decid-

HMLITO He Hsnese. ing, but nothing came out of it.
TQi yuu, yuu, celymMHaecT He studied and studied, for seven-
- ‘Forunu! teen years!

In these two cases (the first of which is somewhat artificial,
the. second recorded from actual conversation) the repetition. of the
verb merely indicates the intensity of the action.

pa wu non mecella TOj For two and a half months he
cee 6e3 padorTa. sat without work.

Bera wen eu u ce OOsupa- He ran all day long, and kept
we Hasay ma He ro looking back lest the rich man
mpustaca yopéayulata, catch up with him.

Again the action is shown as stretching over a. specific period of
time which the context names. In the second example the aorist is
contrasted to an imperfect (o6supawe)— the contrast between a Sin- ©
gle, continuing, intense activity and another activity, which is coor-
dinated to the first, but which is repeated.

He Ji Ce moni fla Ti Didn't you request that they for-
‘mpoctaT? give -you?

Kaku emHau! jocTa ro Say it! You've beaten around the
3aBUTKyBa!! : bush enough!

1 The rarity of these forms makes it desirable to document these quotations.
The first is a sentence manufactured by B. Koneski. The second was uSed by
his 90-year-old grandmother in a conversation with me. The third (cene) is from
Maleski, cf. p. 146. The fourth (6era) is from a folk-tale, reprinted in the school-
book QOd6panu Yeiiusa 3a 1 Kaac (1950), p. 128. The last two are from Il’oski’s
play Bezazka (pp. 128 and 39, respectively), but only one appears in the selection
given in this book, see p. 226.

It might be pointed out that the majority of verbs (all with the stem-
.vowels a and ge, except irregular verbs) have formally distinct aorists and imper-
fects only in the 2-3 singular; in all other persons the forms are identical. E. g.
imperfect =aorist, Gapas/cenes, Gapasme/cenesme, Oapaste/ceneste, Oapaajcenea:
but aorist 6apa/cene — imperfect Gapawie/cenewe. ;

90

The aorist stresses the intensity of the action. The action itself is
important, and there is no mention of whether it was completed or
had any results. That information does not belong to the aorist, but
must be given by Other means.

23.2 The terminative aorist signals a-finished act in past time.
Frequently a series of aorists gives the important moments in a
chain of-developments or events; the succession Of one aorist after
another automatically denotes that one action followed another in time.

Toj ja pew 3alayata Byepa. He solved the problem yesterday.

Kora m0jme, cea BegHatt _ When he arrived, he sat down
UW ja peu. at once and solved it.

LUTom paz0pa, oTuze. As soon as he understood, he left.

Tloa3acTana Mpel mMocToT, _He stopped for a moment before
ce oOspna, Ta KOfa He the bridge, looked around, and
Bue KUBA DyWa, Ce 3a- when he saw no one, he started
mage KOH meuatTa. , toward the children.

23.3 Sometimes the aorist occurs in a context which shows that the
action could not really have taken place or be past: the speaker,
however, chooses to dramatize the event, so to speak, by presenting
it as already accomplished and therefore belonging to the past.

[aj soma, NyKHas Of rope- Give (me) water, I’ve died of
LUTHHA. heat.
Tpruas. I’ve gone.

(Said when on the point of departure).

23.4 A similar caSe is found where the aorist represents an action
which would, in the speaker’s view, certainly have happened, had some
condition been fulfilled.

Ila He Oelwe jypueT, oTuMe If it hadn't been for the “liberty”
Bowko cypryy Bo Ana- (new laws), BoSko would have
now. gone off to Anatolia as an exile.

_ 23,5 The aorist also occurs in real conditions, whose fulfillment
is viewed as a fact.

AKO ja peKOB BHCTuUHaTa, If (since) | told the truth, why
30U/TO me OneuI? are you beating me?

Distanced Forms

24.0 The i-participies. General meaning: “distancing”; aS Op-
posed to the present, aorist, and imperfect, these forms show an action
viewed as distanced in time or reality. This may be realized in two
ways. The speaker may be disclaiming responsibility for the accuracy
of the statement by specifying that he was not a witness to the event,
Or he may be stating an action which started or took place in the
asi, but which is still relevant at the moment of utterance.

cs

91

24.01 There are four 1-participles, since both terminative and

tt Tae ee verbs may have both imperfect and aorist 1 -participles.
In the great majority of interminative and a large number of termi-

c Rivas aaa DB SACU e Shea

native verbs, however there is only a single form.

The limitation on form makes the choice of the speaker also
limited. Where there are both impefect and aorist 1-participles, the
distinction between contemporaneous and non-contemporaneous (im-
perfect. vs. aorist) can be maintained in past time, but the distinction
past vs. present can never be maintained’ Only the opposition termina-
tive vs. interminative remains in full force.

24.02 The 1-participles, like adjectives, are gender-number forms,
with distinguishing suffixes for three genders in the singular and a separate
plurai form. The piurai suffix is formally distinct from that of the
adjectives, cf. 6en ‘white’ pl. Oenm — 3en took’ pl. 3ene. Historically,
the meaning of these forms was participial, "state resulting from a

: 3 : ;
previous action’, but this meaning has been retained only as a Con-

textual variant of the general meaning of "distancing".- Unlike true
participles, the 1-forms never function as attributes, as adjectives. In
the overwhelming majority of occurrences, they appear in compounds
with the forms of the verb ’to be’. The function of these auxiliary
forms is to identify the person. Only the first and second persons are
thus identified; the third person is understood without this extra mark-.
ing, and the auxiliary is never used.
24.03 The full set of forms is then as follows:

==
a
| INTERMINATIVE TERMINATIVE
i : CYM yuer cyM pemwen a
IMPERFECT | fae: a
cyM pelwaBan : cu yyen cM pewes : CyYM NoGapan
(Contemp- e ais P i CY P
: yen ewes
ora eous) : 7
CH pewaBam : CMe yyeme cme pewene : cu nojapan
: cre y¥eme cte peuene :
pewaBall yyene - pewese : fae
> CYM YUKN cyM pewun *
cme peulaBale : cMe noOapae
: CH yun cM peng
> yawn pewuy :
AORIST cTe pemaBane : ! cre nofapan
; cMe yunne cMe peummne : 7%
i cte y4nne cte pewune ;
peWaBaJie ; noGapaste
y suse pewnne
{ : J i rY vidi : {
a, ene SS SS ge RC (RIE a eR

Hereafter, unless otherwise Specified, the fterm form includes
the auxiliary in the first two persons. au.
24.1 Let us give a few illustrative examples of distancing in the

ense of reporting or "renarration’: In a conversation, | heard this
rPY iB OV awe Csavat 6 sta TH Nut Ga — Bean

sentence;
Toj Geme BO CKkonje — OfHOCHO Guan, He TO BusOB.

A literal translation into English is impossible. Bewe is the di-
rect form, 6u2 the distanced equivalent. "He was in Skopje” is the
basic idea. But the speaker used the direct form, and then immedi-
ately corrected the slip by changing to the distanced form, with the
apology "I didn’t see him”. .

In a letter, J found:

Toj ja uutan (/a4) Bawata He read your article and ex-
cTaTHja, H MHOry modan- pressed a very favorable
HO ce u3apa3v (7a) 3a opinion about it.

Hea. ‘

The translation does not bring out the entire content. The form
quiliaa is distanced; the writer disclaims responsibility. "He claimed
to haveread”’ might the give idea. But ce uapasu is non-distanced, direct —
the writer is stating, approximately, "{! heard him express.”’

This distinction between vouched-for and distanced actions is
rigidly observed in the spoken language, and Macedonians even carry
jt Over into Serbocroatian. In writing, it can become an artistic de-
vice, used with varying skill and effect. The teller of folk-tales sticks
to the distanced forms, oniy occasionally adding in a direct aorist or
imperfect as a convincing, vivid touch. The literary writer may take
two attitudes; that of the folk-artist, who prefers the distancing, or
the more realistic. position of the witness, presenting the narrative as
his Own experience. This is true even of the writers of serious his-
torical works. The use of the direct versus distanced forms here does
not Specificaliy affirm or deny the truth of the statements, but only
the writer's identification (or lack of it) with the events narrated.

24.11 The category of distancing is fully grammatical. The use of an
l-form or a non-I-form automatically carries with it the distinction and marks
the event as distanced or not. However it is not infrequent in published mate-
rials to find extremely inconsistent usage, particularly in the daily press. This
is, nearly always, simply bad translation, usually from the closely related Serbo-
Croatian language, which does not have this distinction and prefers the l-forms
for all past actions. In other cases, itis simply poor writing, where the author
has failed to express himself in natural language — usually again under the

influence of the Serbo-Croatian which was his schooi language.

24.2 The function of these forms can be made clear by contrast-

ing distanced statements to the direct ones to which they correspond.

93

Since there are fewer I-forms than direct forms and the speaker thus
has less choice for: tense-distinctions, the context is more important
in determining the exact function of the distanced forms than with the
direct verbs. The terminative imperfect l-forms, like the terminative
present and imperfect, occur only with the projective modal particle
Ke and conjunctions. (For I-forms in imperatives and formulas, see
below, 29.3, 29.4.) For examples of the contrast between direct and
reported forms, see the texts on pp. 143, 147, and 172. The renarrated
‘transiation’”’ of the original passages is given in the form of footnotes.
24.21 Distanced equivalents for present forms.

Mu pekoa OTH TO} Ke pe-
waBan ( = pellapa) yTpe
3a Taa padoTa.

Toj Ke ja pewen (= pewn)
yrpe Taa pa6OorTa, Taka
MH pekOa.

Toj Ke pewasBan (= pewasa)
ytpe 3a Taa pa6oTa, ako
He TO cripedw Heo.

They told me that he would work
on that matter tomorrow.

He will decide the matter to- ©

morrow, so they told me.
He will (others believe) work on

that matter tomorrow if some-

thing doesn’t hinder him.

It is rather uncommon to use the distanced forms to replace a

present tense which refers to an action actually taking place at the
moment of utterance. The speaker usually uses the direct form, and,
if necessary, says explicitly that he has the information at second-hand:

Toj cera pa6oTn BO OuOnn0- He’s working in the library now,
TeKaTa, Taka peye Pana. so Rada said.

The information is such cases is presented as a direct quotation.
24.22 The distanced forms in place of a present Often express
the disbelief of the speaker, who thus emphasizes that he is quoting.
For instance, when a drunkard offers bread in payment the waiter,
the waiter scoffs:
Toa 6un ne6! Upn Kako
KYMYP, TBP KaKO KaMmeH.
He e HW 3a CBUHbM...

That's /supposed to be/ bread!
Black as coal, hard as a rock.
It’s not even for pigs..

His own statement has the regular present e, but his aaene of the
drunkard is distanced (6u.1).
24.23 Distanced equivalents of the imperfect.

They told me that he was work-
ing on that problem
yesterday.

He would have worked on that
matter if he had not been
hindered. -

Mu pexoa zeka 10] Byepa
ja pelapan (= peulasa-
jue) Taa padoTa.

Toj Ke pemasan (= peia-
Balle) 3a Taa paOoTa, Ta

, He Ons ( = Gee) cnpeyeu.

£2
be

To} Ke peuten ( = peweue) He would have solyed it then if
Toraul, ma He OuN he hadn’t. been hindered,
(= O6elule) Cnpeyen.

No6po Ke Guno (=6eule) It would have been good if he
la ja pewien ( = peueme) Kad decided that matter.
Taa padotTa.

AKO ja peuien Taa pa6ora, If he decided that matter (which
HeMalle Wevecka 1a is highly possible, but we do
Oulle Baka. not choose to identify our-

ealiurnac with tha act) ha hanA nn
OCLVOO wWwililt tlie a@ Jy ace lau i

right to have been like that
today.

This example contrasts to Ako ja pememe (22.3), the difference
being only in the -2 vs. -wé in: the condition clause. Ako + 7i shows
a real condition — it is highly probable that it was fulfilled. However
the direct imperfect shows that we identify ourselves with the eveit;
we view it as close and real: the I-form keeps it at a distance.

24.24 Equivalents of the aorist.

Toj ja pewun taa padota He decided that matter yesterday.
Buepa.

Toj pewapan, pewasast, ama He worked and worked, but
HUWTO He H38Rerno. nothiag came out of it.

This last example is the distanced equivalent of the rare interminative
aorist icf. 23.1), but the form is of course not distinct from the
distanced imperfect. In the few verbs which can make the distinction
between ihe two interminative i-forms, the tendency is to substitute
the interminative here, too. Thus a quotation would be, 7oj s4ua,
yuna 17 to0uKu (specifically interminative aorist, distanced), or, more
usually, dioj yyen, yxea (interminative, distanced: aii other meanings
are dependent on the context).

’ For a literary example of the contrast between direct and di-
Stanced action, Compare the text on p. i43.

Jlojme rnac Reka ro otTe- News came that her father had
ane TaTKa 4... been killed. He had failed...
IIponanuan...4 mucnen and thought he would start to
a 3apaooTn... WORK...

The writer, assuming the point of view of the protagonist of
the story, uses the direct aorist only for the arrival of the news. All
the other information is hearsay and therefore distanced ( = ro oTenaa,
nponayva, Mucneule).

24.3 Besides the sense of reported action as opposed to wit-
nessed action,."distancing’”’ includes a more temporal sense. In certain

eels <8 Gl Oeste ata ae

95

contexts, the 1-forms may represent the result of an act which began
in past time. For example, when the context clearly shows that the
event described has been witnessed by the speaker (cf. text on p. 134
and 138):

Cute. urpaat, TO} ce onme- All are dancing; he has gone off

JUN Cam. alone (lit. separated himself).
O6paByuthata my HaOabpe- His (the baby’s) little cheeks

Jie ypu HOCeTO My Tro have become so fat that they

noknonHvye. : have covered his little nose.

24.31 This use is much more frequent in the first person. Here
an important fact must be kept in mind — the first person, by its
meaning, is essentially incompatible with the “”distancing’’ which
characterizes non-witnessed action. [t is thus rather more frequently
used without the contrast to the direct aorist and imperfect forms.

24.4 The I-forms in the first person usually stress rather the
present-tense meaning of the auxiliary and the resultative meaning of
the distanced |-participle.

Ja cyM oulna co Te6e ta ] have come to talk to you.
300pyBamM. (= I'm here.)

He cme Ce Busene jBe We haven't seen each other for
POH. two years. (We still don’t

SeOra)
A similar meaning with the second person:

IpapynHo cTe ro olenune You have evaluated the transla-

NnpeBoor. tion correctly. (Your judg-

ment stands.)

.
fete ee Ae

24.401 This meaning is impossible if the context specifies a
moment in the past.
Jac CyM CTaHan TOKMy BO | got up exactly at two last

Ba YacOT HOKecKa. night.

Here the specific moment in the past precludes any present sense,
and the first person precludes non-witnessed action (but cf. 24,42),
so that the meaning is equivalent to the aorist, and can indeed be
expressed by the form ciianas.

24.41 The first person 1-forms often replace the direct aorist/im-
perfect if they are used in the same sentence or closely associated
in the context with an indirect form of another person.

~ —_

TH cu pa6oTen wu jac cyM You worked (I’m told), and |
paOoTen (or, padoTes). ‘worked.
24.42 The context may show, however, that the speaker wishes
to minimize the fact of his participation by presenting the event as if

96

not witnessed by himself, indicating that the action took place almost
without his volition.

HuulTo ja He CeTaM, CyM
ro CKpuwiud WMWeTO,
Cme ja ocTaBune spatTaTa
’ OTBOPeHa, WH HEKO] HE
- oOpau.

Without noticing anything, |
broke the bottie.

We left the door open (inadver-
tently) and someone robbed us.

24.43. Or the speaker may be repeating an allegation made about
1 > tha Aietanring hara exoresses vids
APERID, GEEU ULSLAGHUILIS Ure VAP! Oe - tiul

Jac cym My ru 3e7 mapuTe!

‘ icule ne dichalja
ule GF Gisoeile?,

So | am supposed to have taken
the money from him!

24.5 A related meaning of distancing, but applicable to all per-
‘sons, states a fact which was previously unknown to, and’ perhaps
unsuspected by, the speaker, Dit which is now accepted.

AMa TH Cu Oun urpay, He Why you are a dancer! | didn’t

3HaeB jocera. know before.

24.6 The 1-participles may be used with the past tense of the
auxiliary verb ‘to be’ (cf. 18). E. g. 6eB pellaBan, Gemle pemun,
Geile pelinna, 6ea peutapane, etc. The past tense of.the auxiliary
makes the compound specifically past in meaning, and the resultative
Sense Of the 1-participle indicates that the action started even previously
to the past moment already noted. The opposition of distancing vs.
direct is neutralized here: it cannot be expressed.

YuiTe npex wa Nojae opie,
TO] ja Gee pewaBan/
peulun Taa padota.

Even before he came here, he
had worked on/decided that
matter.

These forms are often avoided. In many contexts they are un-
necessary, since the prior moment may be indicated by other means.
A simple past form will give the same meaning, and distancing can

varaccad

24.61 On the printed page, Geme+/-participle is ambiguous,
for there is no indication of the accent. In speech there is a contrast
between the compound 6éme péwua with two accents, and-an emphatic
l-form 6ewe_péuua Or péutuA_Geme, with a single accent. This un-

Stressed Gewe is nOt a verb form, but an emphatic particle, stressing

mans

the past; it may be used with any person (6ewe_cile_pémuse, Oeute_

LYM OUNGQ),
Ama TO] Gewe—On
po_Bésrpan.

20.0 The n/t participle. Gene

= a ae Tow

aii

se

7 Macedonian grammar

pe hee oor the m~aA
action in past time. ror the mo

But he was in Belgrade (they
tell me).:

al meaning: a’state resulting from
t

ate nN ose

"et eat dA wentecrecd cists = Leeson
part, the n/t participle functions

7

purely, as an. adjective, but if the neuter form is used. with the auxi-
liary verb uma’ 'to have’, a compound form results which can express

all the verbal categories.

29.1 The n/t participle may be an attribute like any other

adjective.

lo. npedbpau co6neyenoto.
ilanTo upexy Gypero.

TpanckuoT enemenT, (op-
Mpa OZ NpusoOjmenn
celaHu ..

Kuura ocTaHaTa BO
PaKOMHC...

Bo magenata CuTyaluuja...

He threw his coat, which he
had taken off, over the barrel.

The urban element, formed of
peasants who had come..

A book which has remained in
manuscript. .
In the given situation...

20.2 The n/t participle of a transitive verb usually has a pas-~-
sive meaning. It can be used with the forms of the verb ’to be’ to
express a passive in all tenses, direct and distanced.

TIpauietheTO e€ peuleHo.
TIpauiaweTO e MHOrynaTu
peulaBaHoO Oe3 ycnex.

IpauiaweTo Ke Oume
pewiéHo/peuiaBaHo yTpe.

Yuntesn Gea TOBE LYBaHH
-on Byrapuja.

IipauiatbeTo Geule peweno/
peuiaBaHO ByYepa.

IipaujaweToO Ono peweno/
pewwaBaHO Buyepa.

Toa Geuie Guno pewieHo/
pewiaBaHO Mpel a
mojneme Hue.

Ta Aaittea nanan na
10a Ke Oeule prewmenv, Wa

He nonpeyeule TO}.
Toa Ke On0 peweHo, wa
He lonpeyen TO}.

The question kas been decided.
The question has frequently been
deliberated without success.

The problem will be decided/
discussed tomorrow.

Teachers were brought from
Bulgaria.

The question was decided/
discussed yesterday.

The problem was decided/discuss-
ed yesterday (they say).

it was decided/discussed before
we came.

lt would have been d
he hadn't hindered.

It would have been decided if he
hadn't hindered (they say).

29.3 The n/t participle of an otherwise intransitive verb remains:
intransitive. The participles of Tae verbs (particularly those sig-

-“~s emt as Ywasit

nifying moron) are frequen fly u
quasi-verbal sense:

He cme py4anu.
Noxtopot Ova oTHeH.

Nonvuok olamua Oeuie
3aMuHe7*

98

PEC tn ewat

tesatis +0,
witn the ‘forms of ‘to be’ in @

We haven’t had dinner.

The doctor had (they say) gone
away.

Midnight had long since passed.

, 29.31 However, the bond b
‘to be’ is not
Compare,

To) e MHOry WeTdaH.

ween the participle and the verb

wha &

a strong one, and the participle remains an adjective.

He has travelled (lit. walked)
a lot,

He is a man who has been

ay CR FSRCASS YM leNy SPCR Lee

around (an experienced man).

2a: 32 The verb lipe ljnajade T ‘eat’ represents a special case. Usually it

is transitive, with two meanings:

Toj ro najane ja6onKoro.
Taa'ro Hajaze.

He ate a little of the apple.
She fed him well.

In the n/t particip'e, however, these verbs ‘are usually intransitive:

Toj e jameH Bex’e, aMa caKa CO Hac

ma peyena,.
Ba OUI

Toj He K’e ua HajaeH akKO He MY
mane Tue.
Ilypu Tu na qojmew, Toj Ke Gume jamen.

He has already eaten, but he wants —

to have supper with uS.

He wouldn't have eaten (they say) if

they hadn't given (food) to him.

By the time you come, he will have

eaten.

20.4 The compounds with the. neuter form of the n/t participle
and the auxillary verb umMa ‘have’ or its negative equivalent nema
‘have not’ are completely productive. In this compound, the transi-
tive verb retains its transitivity, and the compouney may take a direct
Object. The meaning of the sma-compound is marked as ,,continuing
State“, and al] categories except reflexive and terminative/intermina-
tive (i.e. person, number, tense, distancing, and number) are expres-

sed by the form of the auxiliary.

To] MHorynaTu uMa peilla-
BaHO 3a TakBy padoTu.

Benat eka TO} MHorynaTu
MMaJI peliaBaHO 3a TaKBM

nahinru

REV tse

To} uma pelleHoO ma He
hoje Beke Bamy.

Toj HMan pelleHo, BeNaT,

FssveGoa

fla He WOjme BekKe Bamy.
Toj ywite Tora! vMaie

(6eue maar) noaywieu 29a
Vee Fhivadids j RY Wak vu

Taa paoorta.
THe HemMaaT yulTe MHOry

WVATIAUIA Taka
AUMaATLY rainy.

ypu Tu ma nojnew, To]
Ke ja wMa pelleHo Taa

“He has worked on such matters

often.

They say that he has often
worked on such matters.

He has decided not to come
here any more.
They say he has decided not to

come here any more.

Even at that time he had decid-
ed about that matter

wa aL 4et tli

They hadn’t yet dug much there.

By the time you come he will
have decided that matter.

99

Meve mu Ce YXHHH OTH TOj It seems to me that he would have

Torau Ke AMalle KONaHO dug (done some digging) there
_ TaMy. at that time.
Ke. uMan 3€MeHO, Bear, He would have taken it, they
a He ro cnpeyeno say, if something hadn't hin-
HeUITO. dered him.

20.0 This type of compound, when the auxiliary is in the pre-
sent tense, is very close in meaning to those cases where the |-forms
do not express specificaily non-witnessed action (cf. 24.3, 24.31, 24.4,
24.6), and the uMa-compounds can usually replace the 1-forms:1

He ce umMaMe BHeHO Be roynHn.

26. The potential mood. The I-participles are used with the
modal particle Gu, with or without the Ist and.2nd person forms of
"to be’ (cym, cu, CMe, cTe) The general meaning is potential action;
the act is viewed as possible or desirable, but not yet uchieved.

26.1 Examples have already been given of ihe use of these
forms in conjunction with a clause introduced by ma (cf. 21.3). It
may be noted that in such contrary-to-fact conditions, the forms of -
cym are used.

-

dia moxkes, On CyM ja pewudn. If | had been able, | would
have solved it.

The 6u-clause in this type’ of condition is equivalent to a
clause with Ke + a non-distanced form; speakers from different regions
favor one or the other type.

1 These compounds have given rise to a good deal of ‘comment about
their historical origin, which is presumably the Romance type of perfect. Cf. B.
Havranek, ,Romansky typ perfekta factum habeo a *casus habeo v makedon-
skych dialektech“, Mélanyes P.M. HaSkovec (Brno, 1936), pp. 147-156. It‘should,
however, be emphasized that it is only in Macedonian thatthe forms are wide-
spread and productive. They have almost completely taken over the participial
meaning of-,,resultant state“ which historically einen also to the 1-participle,
and thus made it possible for the 1-forms to function almost exclusively as an
expression of non-witnessed action. This development toward a strict separation
of the two functions is apparently still ore so that when an: 1-form does
not denote non-witnessed action, it may be replaced by an uMa-compound. At
the present time, there seems to be a conflict between an_oldér system, where
are no HMa-compounds, and the newer system. It is easy to start Macedonians
arguing as to which form can or should be used in a given Situation. The
Telationship of the uma-compound to the e-compound (uma Lojmeno — e sojmen)
is that of a more specifically verbalized compound to a loosely joined phrase.
It is possible to say nojmen e, but it is impossible to say *ojmeto uma, for the
auxiliary must precede the participle. E sojnexn is then simply verb + adjective

100

26.2 BH may be used without the forms of cym to express a
mild volition or moral necessity.

Toj 64 pewaBan/pewnun, ama
He 3Hae Kako. know how.

Jac Ou pewapana/pewuna, I’d decide, but | don’t know
ama He 3Ham Kako. how.

He’d decide, but he doesn’t

26.21 With accompanying forms of cy, the sense of moral
necessity is strengthened.

You should have decided !

We should have decided (and
regret that we didn’t) !

Bu cu pewun!
Bu cme pewuse!

26.3 Here are ofher typical examples of the use of the poten-
tial mood.

Jac 6 Cakas HeEWITO la pevam,
Jac ne On Onen.

Bu moxeno w ytpe.
Bu TpeOano vw Ha NOsMLMja

ma Be npezanam.
Cexkapawe feka CHaraTa MY

I’d like to say something.

I wouldn’t like to go; I’m
not inclined to go.

It’d be possible (to do it}
tomorrow, too.

I should turn you Over to the
police.

He felt that his body had

become so heavy that as

soon as he stopped he would

Gu ce CTpynomuya Ha 3emja fall at full length to the

wv pONro He OA MOXKe fa ground and wouldn’t be

cTahe. able to. get up for a ae
- time.

Oewie CTexKHala TONKY
WTO Npu NpBOTO 3anupatye

21. The projective mood is expressed by the modal ee
Ke + present. imperfect, Or imperfect l-forms, see 20. 2] -20.32, 22.3,
24. el, and 24.23. The general meaning is: action viewed as manifest,
that is, as real or highly procable, but not immediately present. With
the forms of the present it takes On the specific meaning of a confi-
dently expected future or an habitual action. With the imperfect, these
two meanings remain, with tre specification of pastness; the projection
is viewed from a moment prior to the time Of utterance. All of these
cases and their variants have been presented in the paragraphs enumer-
ated above. ;

28.0 The intransitive vo oice is expressed by any verb form
accompanied by ce. The general meaning is that there is no goal of
the action or process outside the grammatical subject. Several cases

are nossible
tw pve awe

104

28.1 The. subject may be at the same time the goal and the
actor; the verb is then said to be reflexive. :

Ke ce y6njam!
Jaa ce rnefauie BO ornema-
NOTO.

1’ll kill myself !
She was looking at herself in
the mirror.

28.2 The grammatical subject may be the goal but not the actor.

Ce rorBeue pyyen.
Ke ce Opnyuam Ha OepG6ep.

28.3 There may be no goal at all.

Ce HameBaM Ha apHo.

Dinner was being prepared.
I'll get shaved at the barber’s.

I’m hoping for the best.

3a OBa HB 3aTBOp ce On. For that people even go to
prison.

SawiTo ce cmeetu? Why are you laughing?

28.4 The subject may be one of several goals.

Hemaie eH a fa He ce There wasn’t a day when they

cTenaar. didn’t fight each other.
Osaj maT He ce nornemaa This time they didn’t look at
HallopeuKu. each other askance.

[In these cases each of the individuals making up the plural
subject is a goal of the action initiated by another of t.e individuals
also included in the subject; the action is not reflexive, but recip-
rocal. That is, A hits B and at the same time B is hitting A.

28.5 It is frequent that statements which normally would be
‘expressed by a passive construction in English will be expressed in
Macedonian by a normally transitive verb used in the intransitive
voice; cf. the first example in 28.2 above. The more specific passive,
consisting of the n/t participle with forms of the verb ’to be’ (cf.
above, 20.2), is relatively rare in Macedonian, and necessariiy has
the meaning of a passive state, resulting from a previous action,
rather than the meaning of a process, wherein the actor is at th
Same time the goal of his own action.

29.0 The imperative, unlike other verbal forms, is not a state-
ment, but an appeal or command. It is formally distinct from the
other verb forms because it cannot be made into a question. Its
general meaning is an arbitrary act, independent of the speaker.

Pewapa ypu Work on that matter while

there’s time.
Solve it at Once!
Don’t solve such matters in
a hurry. ,

Peuim ja petuaw!
He pelwasajl TakBu paOoTu na
Op3nuHa.

102

Aj He penim ja Taa pa6oTa, Don't decide ‘that matter, if
ako cmecul! | you dare!

29.1 The terminative imperative is used with negation only in
threats or warnings. Usually a negative command is expressed by
Hemoj Or HeMojTe + a + present: Hemoj 2a oguui "Don’t go!’

29.11 If the present in this construction is replaced by an |-form
(terminative only), the meaning is a strong threat, emphasizing the
necessity Of avoiding the result of the action.

Hemoj Ra cu fucnas 3a opa! Don’t you dare let out a
i O} Ra cw mucnal a! Von t you da Out a

awwiee aVu was ww alee

squeak about this!

29.2 When used in any sense but command or appeal, the im-
perative emphasizes the sudden, arbitrary nature of the act. St is with-
out person (except for the plural form, which functions only as a com-
mand or appeal), and may be used for any personal form. It is not
unusual in conversation and narration aS an emotional element.

A nocne 0j20a u BOJHHTe. And then came the wars too. The
"CpncKko”, "O6yrapcko”’... Serbian”, the “Bulgarian”...
eH OTUAY Bpyrn 2ojgu! some go off, others come!

Yekaj MaYOpoT: HeKOj rny- The cat waits for a mouse to.
Well 1a H3ese WeHeCKa — come out today — none; he waits
HeMasiO; yeKa] yTpe — He- tomorrow — none...

Maso... ‘

WA nanvan Ha KONeHUUM 3a And he fell on his knees to make
fa NpaBu MeTaHuH, UM Kpe- Obeisance, and he lifted his
Ba] rH paleTe Ha rope, hands up, he kept turning the
YMHM, BPTH ru GenKuTe whites Of his eyes up to heav-
Om ou4NTe Ha HeOecu... ele a:

29.201 This last example contains the imperative guau, which
functions to show that the action of the accompanying verb is re-
peated. ,

29.30 Meanings similar to imperative can be expressed in Other

vays.
29.31 The I-forms occur in certain formulas of blessing and
cursing.

jan Tu Bor po6po! May God give you good things!

Tocnog Bu natu! May the Lord (re)pay you!

AKO Ojme HeLITO TaKBO, If something like that, God for-
Hecyun rOCcnog, B Hale bid, comes to our village...
ceno...

Iykuan! May you burst!

29.32 The uses of na and Hneka have been mentioned above,

—f NW’
Chee hee bare
é

103

30. The verbal adverb possesses only one of the characteris-
tics of a verb; it may govern pronouns, both the direct and indirect
dependent forms. It thus may express the intransitive mood.

Jyto unuajku ja wxrapata, Angrily sucking on the cigarett
Ky3maH rv. KOWKale Kuzman kicked the stones in
KaMetbaTa mpem ce6e. front of him.

3emajKku My rO, nNOuHa ma Taking it from him, he began
Gera. | to run.

.. 3anpalla TO], ... he asked, striving to keep
TpygejKu Ce rnacoT Ma his voice tranquil.

My One CNOKOeH.

31. The verbal substantive has in common with the verb
only the stem and the basic semantic meaning; it presents an action
or process viewed as an entity.

31.1 We give a few characteristic: eames of the use of verbal

substantives in order to show the varied means by which they may
be translated into English.

[lenemeTO cTanHa. The separation took place.

E, CyYM uy Maku Kase Oh, I’ve heard men singing
neaT, aMa BaKBO yOaBo (action), but such beautiful
neetbe, BakKOB rnac He singing (thing), such a voice
OeB 4yI. i never had heard.

Taa umaule meTe Ha 2OHO- She had a child about to
CYBatbe. - be born. :

Toaky MHOry uMamM 3a ] have so much to study (to be
yuelbe WTO MasKy yyaM. studied) that 1 study little.

3a 3a6eNexKypBatbe e 1ekKa... It is noteworthy (to be noted)

that.,

Ke onam BeqHalu! — He, Pi go at once! — No, what do
KaKBO OJlefbe! you mean, go!

SOUITO HpH cekoe usetbe Why on every home-coming is
OW ryp6eT cé ucToO? it always the same?

31.2 In rare instances, the verbal substantive functions as an
adverb.

Buerysatse, lopru ja On entering, George took off
OMeTHa KapaOuHaTa. his carabine.

104

PART TWO

MKEHATA Oj] FABOJICKA OTALIKA

Kevnata Ousia HatipaBeHa of_faBoJicKa oMalliKa, 3aToa OMJla MHOTY
FaBOd, 3aTOa NpWKaxkysaaTt JlyreTO BakBa MIpHKacKa 3a_Hea.

Aeno_Tocnon, oTKaKkoO_ro_HanpaBHsl O_3€Mja MpBHOT_4OBEeK,
HiTO_ce_KkaxyBa AjaM, H.KakKO_yBHaJI Ha_Hero HOH OKUBes H_CTa-
HaJl KaKO_HaC 2KMB YoOBeK, MocyIe cu_pekon Tocnon: ,,Ha_opoj_qoBek
caka fa_My_MafaM elleH_Apyrap, 3a_fa_cH_NpHKaxkKyBa, 3a_ja_He_
My_ce_caksienucyBa myulata.‘’ Buxuan Tocnonk eneH_anres H_My_peKo.}
Baka: ,,Calyiiiaj BaMy, aHTese, WiTo_Ke_TH_KaxKaM. TH cera ofo0BeKa
Ke_oTunem! mpH_Anam BO_6aBUaTa H_Ke_ro_Hajmeul Meka_cnme, Ta_Ke-.
BeMeEL NOJIelKa HKe_My H3BaQuUI eRHO_peOpo O_MeBaTa_cTpaHa
H_Ke_MH_ro_flonecell oBneka. AMa_cJlyuiaj BaMy: TrJieqaj apHo, fa.
e_Tro_pa3s6y an!

Anresiot ce_nokioHHa Ha_Tocriog u_tpuajku oTumwion npu-Anama
BO_OaByaTa WeKa_cNwedl H_MY_H3BaHA nomeuKa emHO_peOpo, 6e3 Ma_
ro_ycetu Anam u_ro_ncHece Ha_-locnog; Ho_u_Tocnoyx
Ta_aHrewoT He.cMeall a_ro_co6yAu U-3acTaHadl Ha_BpaTaTa, Ma_ro—
yeKa Na_ce_cooy au.

Kora_ruieqa anresioT_cBeTtu, fraBouIOT ce_KavyBa MO_MepHBeHOT

°
rnarsa “mre raTrn worry ATT Tr7TTr ee

H_foafa ipad_Hero u_-My_BwKa: ,,UlTo_ceguli TykKa Ha_BpaTaTa HW 30-
WTO He_BJleseul BHaTpe?” AunresioT My_peKou: ,,Ce_6ojam jja_He_ro—
co6ynam Tocnog.“’ — Amu_mTo_e oBa WTO_ZpxuUI BO.pakKaTa? ro_
nonpaman raponot. AuresoT my_peKom: ,,OBpa_e pe6poto mwa_Ayam.

— [aponor my_pekou: ,,TH.ce_MoviaM, aHrejie, KaMO Jla_ro_BulaM

akpo_e.” AnrenoT ce_M3laraml U-My_ro_fan M_faBonor Toj_caaT

MUTT Ir Rania Qa cna Tr
Oli _oaUliddl,

—
’

Nk
LU

vipcHal fa_Oera UW_auresOT Ce_iMyuiTHi mo_Hero. Bpe TyKa — Ope
TaMy, faBOOT Hampen co_peOpoto Gera, aHremtoT mo_Hero Tpy¥a ja-
MYy_rO_OTMe, HU_faBONOT Ce_ Miya BO-e€\Ha_flyKa, a_aHresoT TO-
W Terug, Termua u_my_ja_uckyOanm Ha_faB
onawKata WH _faBONOT ce_CKpHJI BO -2ynkat Tener a KakoB lyBall
Ke_janam wa_locnog?’ Cu_BuKaJi _HaToT auresoT. KaKko_oTuiloui
tipu_locnon, ro_Haora feKa_cmMe iia »Ke_ro_co6yfaM,‘ CH_pekou
aHresioT, ,,Ta_WITO_CaKka HeKa_MU_paBu; fa_He_6W fla_MH_peue: ’30-

WTO He_Me_cKoDHa On_nvefecka?’’ U_torai dayan na_Buka: .locnonmu
gattiwv AK Nome LYE es NORE EL Ne ee NY iicle co wt ay wo aid. Aart a. ph VWeLlivV sri,

Tocnogu!“ WU Tocnox my_peye Muxejku: ,,Ajge, OMH_CH, Toa WITO_TH.
€_BO_paueTe, Ma.cTaHe Toa wtTo_cyM_pekou.. Miiraka faposicKata
-olaliKa CTaHaJia *KeHa HU_H_CTaBuse MMeTO Esa.*

BunejkH eReH_Mayop MHOry O64 NOBIHja, Selle_rH_coTpen cuTe
TAYBUM BO_Taa_OKOJIMja Kaj_Wiro_»KuBeeja. Kora_Bufoa craopute OTH-
IUYBUMTe MayOpOT Ke_ru_OCBpwles OA_MoBerwe, OWE Kaj_TOJIeMHOT_
<Taop CHTe cCTapH Ma_Cce_NpawlaaT WiToO_a_mpaBaT, 3a_a_Cce_W30aBarT
o-mMayopot: ,,Kako_a_mpaBuMe, YeCTHTM cTaope, Of_efeH-faoucKH
Ma4Op 1TO_ HH_rO_3aTpe COjoT OJ_TJiyBUu W_Cera_BeKe Ce_HaCTpBH
Hac cTaopute Ja_né_jane? Katayen co_wero Oop6a mpaBume mof_am-
pares apHO_aMa HMKOj Jocera WITO_Ce_6opuu CO_Hero He_fO_KYTHAU;

e_TO] KYTHiba, HaTeMaro HaTeMa, Ma_OM_My_ce_MCyllMJie THe_OCTpu
oes na_6u!“ — mMy_peKsie cTaoputTe Ha_TiaBHHoT_ctaop. — ,,dejan
Opaka, WejqH allaMuv, WTO_Be_rvieqamM cute Oyfasiu! amu_mMoxKe_sep
HeKOrall MpaBa CO_MeU¥Ka jja-ce_O0pv, Ta_W_Bwe CO_Ma4yOp Ma_ce-
‘Copute? IT[pamajre marasieu, a_He_tlpatiiajre ratasiey. 3a_pac pyro
‘dape HeMa, TipHjaTewH, OCBeH_a_cequTe B AYMKH CKpWeHH, MypH_ma-
CH_ja_HaMHOXKHTe eJlaylTa, Ta-locsie WH aKO_M3eZyBa MaYoOpoT M0O-
HeKOj_rulyuiell O_CWHOBH_BU WITO_He_Ke_Be_CJlyWlaaT H-Of_fyiKa Ke-
UsieryBaaT, HeEMa HMLITO TOFaj, peyeTe Ha_leceT e{Ha H_pyro HULITO.
‘On_meHe, a@ko_OapatTe yM, OBOj yM MOXaM ja_BU_ro_jlajam U_Apyro

Ce_6maromapvja Ha_HayKaTa WITO_MM_ja_Jaje roJlemMuoT_craop
Ha_CcTaopHTe H_CH_OTHOa crol IrO~ eink CHHOp, Ta_cH_pacKaxaa
WYKO or NVTKH HamBop mna_He_

HUKO] AN ep] fee ALA BOUL roa eet i =

Bs
a
oO
=
pal
S
3
be)
Se
=
‘D
~

* These texts were accented by Blaze Koneski. The accents differ in
certain respects from the versions I prepared from a recording he made
for me. The major difference is that to my ear the conjunctions (particularly
polysyllabic ones) have their own stress, while Koneski has nearly always
included them in a larger accent-unit. Other differences are chiefly in the
“logical” stress which he put on some words when he read for the recording
and on others when he wrote the accents.

106

oD

Yekaj MauopoT HeKOj_raylwiel, HIW_cTaOp a_u3neze ReweckKa —
HeMawo; yuekaj yTpe — HeMaJO, ¥eKaj Apyruwen — uemano. M_enen_
Ae 3actaHal Ha_eAHALAYMKa, Ta_WCYeKa eAHO_TyBue Ma_ce_jaBH
of-Hynkata. Equo ro_Buyesio MayOpoT, H.ce_TpMHaso MOBHaTpe a_
He_ToO_yanHe HelITO. — ,,CTOj_cH MayOpOK, cTOj_cH Ha_gymkKa, ako~
cakalll H_eMHa_HeZea; HaM HH-Hapadaa cTaopHTe Hu a_He_u3vlery-
BamMe OJ_yimKa Haf[BOp, 3a_TH 2a_He_mMoxKeul a_He_jageu. Pas6pa,
Mayopy, asiM_ne_pa36pa? Wy og-_cera TH_ruiyuiel] He_Ke_KaCHell, Baka
a_3Haewut.

Otkora_G6ele_ce_Hay4YH MAaYOpOKOT OTH _cTaopHTe rH_Hay4yHsme
TAYBUHTe a_He_H3qeryBaaT OA_AyMmKa HagBop u_OTKOra_raagyBat
MHOry HM, M3MHCJIM eeH_Mapuder 2a_uM_MpaBu Ha_rvtyBuute. Ha-
OpoeHHUH NOZON3H OA_HerO, Ta_OTHUION B WPKBa Kaj_aMOapoT, WITO_
ja_36Npaa UpKOBHAaATa MYeHHWa, H_3aCTaHaN COPOTH-AYyMKUTe, O1_Kaj-
ITO_H3Jlerypaa MHOry TIvyBUH, H_atTHs! a_ce_KpCTH M_MesTaHHu a_
YHHH H-a_ru_tpra O6pOeHHITe 3pHO_N0_3pHO H_fa_BuKa LITO_MOx«Ke
H_He_Moxe: ,, ocnogu, nomunyj, Tocnogu nomunyj, Tocnogzn nomusry],
Tocnogu nomusgtyj; mpoctu_me mene, Tocnoyu, mpocru_me meue, To-
CNOMM, OTH-CyYM_MHOry rpeweH!“ Og MonuTBaTa H_MOJI6aTa Ha_Ma4o-
poT uyja TvlyBUH H_ce_HaTpyaa Kaj_AynKuTe a_BAZaT UITO_BHKa
MayOpoKOT. Kora_rH_BHZes] MayOpOT TyBUHTe BO_AyNKHTe, (aTHsie
CIMHKH a-My_TeyaT H_fa_ce_oOMxKyBa, KakO_Kora_fa_Oewe_ ru -
w3el CHTe [IYBILH; H_Nafhasl Ha_KOJIeHHILM: 3a_fa_mpaBH MeTaHHH, H_
KpeBaj_r palleTe Ha_rope,_4HHW, BPTH_ru GemKHTe OD_OUHTe Ha_He-
6ecu, foa_na_[ocnog My —ce_mMovien; Tpraj_rH OpoeHuiTe H_BHKa]:
1 OCNOLH NomMuy]."

Kora_Bugoa PyBUHTe OTH_MayopoT Ke_ce_cBeKaBa, OTp4aa, Ta_
HM_pacKkamwasle Ha_MOcTapuTe_riyBuH H-Ha_momMasutTe. — ,,bpe seta,

HeMOjTe He_TpuajTe H_He_H3vleryBajTe O_AynKu HafBop, OTH_He_e 3a~
BepyBalbe MAYOpOKOT; mpajre uUITO_Mnpaite H_RO_Aymka BHaTpe cTojre!"

BepyBalbe MaYOpOKO T ajTe mpajte

Cute rilyBUH B AYMKH CTOjar H_Ma4opoKOT ro_rsieqaat KaKO_Cce_
cBeKaBa. Ce_uyaT PlyBUHTe Ha_CBeKaTMaKOT HeroB, HHajmocle CH_
ja_peuin %xHBOTTa efeH OF_riyBuuTe H_NOWION WO_Hero fa_Buau
amu_Ke_ro_jage. ,,,oOpo_ytpo, Kaslyrepe mauope, My_peKOwI H_ce_
TipHOIMKUT go_Hero. — ,,/Jlan_tu Tocnog BBe_no6pa, veo, My_pekow
KaJlyrepor Mayopor. ,,EJia_MH, @jia_Mu, 4e0, 2a_My_OaKHelli Ha_geqa_
allja MeCHHWa, 3a_TH 2a_MH_Aaell NpOWiTerme, OTH_jacC_CyM_6Ou Ha_
alumlak H.cakaM fla—-ce_cBekaBaM; TaMy, ¥eO, CyYM_Cce_HCcnoBesat, 3a_
jja.MU_ce_lpoctTaT rpepoute. Pouem KaHOH MH_fafoa, Yeo: Meco HY
fla_He_KaCHaM JLYPH_CYM_2KMB; e@, €, M€TAHHH HellpecTajHO 2a_4nnaM,
e, e, OpoeHHuHTe HenpecTajyo ga_ru_tpram Hu-_,. ocnogu nomuszy]”

craM, Ta_nmocye Ra_ce_cBekaBaM H_MoOCIe KaHTap Jla_Khe-akamM H_CO-
Tepesuja H_co_enHye3e HY Wa-He_MepaM. EtTe_Baka, nmwve, eTe_Baka,

107

jarHe, 1a_MM_KaxXelll Ha_cuTe TAyBUM H_cTaopu; HeKa_OjmaT H-Wa-
MH_UeJIMBaaT J€CHHila, 34_a—-ce_-MCnpocTuMme, Waal 2a-MH-cTopaT
jocera WTO_CYM_HM_oqeBadl U_He_CyM_I'M_ocTaBadl paaT a—cu_jalaT
no_aMOapute muenuila. Ete_Baka, yeO Moe, ela yiliTe_eAnalll 2a_Mu_
ja_UeIMBalll TeCHHIla HOAM_MUu CO_3—paBje, aMa_npBO HajaqH_MM_ce
MYeHHILa, Ta_Nomocse OFM_CH H_MO32paBH_ru cuTe; HeKa_fojfqaT Wa—
MH_afaT MpowuiTerhe 3a_4a_He_Me_OCTaBaT Bp3aH a_cH_yMpamM H-
BO_BeuHaTa Maka Jla_OJlaM, a_MaK_-aKO_He_jlojyaT, Opate, Ha_HHB HeKa_
e_TpeBoT, jac_Ke_cH_W3MHjaM palle H_Ha_HHB rpeBOT HM_ro_ocTaBaM..

Orpya Toj WTO_My_lleiMBa paka Ha_aliM_MayopKa KaJlyrepa co
CHTe Jpy3H PsIYBUH WTO_rieqaa OA_MyMKHTe H_MM_pacKaKaa Ha_cuTe
OTH_MayOpOT ce_cTOpH NMOCHHK H_rW_BuKa CHTe a_My-JayaT mpo-
wirerbe. Ha_toa o3ropa Oea_ce_co6pane cuTe TuyBUu H_cTaopnH Ha
rojieM coOop, Ta-cTopHja eeH_Me3IM4u Lamu_fa-W3siesaT OF_TyIKUTe
HayBOD fa_CH_MojaqatT ManKy mueHvua H_a_My_ayaT Ha_allujata
Mpollrere, auiu_fa_cu_cegat. Eguu Taka pekwie, Apyru wHaKy, Haj-
MHOry Oellle_peksie a_ce_pelllaT ylUTe_TpH_4eTHpH TIyBUH U_CTaopH
a_NojqaT MO_Hero fa_BUaT MasM_ce_BUCTUHA NoKajas. Hansneroa
ryBUH AU_My_Nojqoa Kaj_aliu_MayopoT H_My_wWesHMBaa Aecuula. ,,J,aj-
Te€_MH [IpOliTere, 4vefa, HM_Pp€KOJI, OTH_MHOry CYM_BM_3rpelinyi 70-
cera jac Bam. Tocnogu nomuayj, Tocnoqu nomutyj, Been Bo_TOa—
BpeMe H4HHE MeTaHUH, TH_Tpras WTO_a_MoxKe OpoeHHllutTe u_Nod-
Celyj cO_ouNTe, — ,,MOpe, aKO_MM_H3ne3eTe CHTe; Ke_Be.HalpasaM
nacTpMa, aMa_uvekaj,““ cu_Bejles cam co_ce6e. ,,4_Ke_BHAHTe KaKOB_-
MOCHHK CyM_jac aliM-mauop. Ilocram cakaM-HejKaM OTH_HeMa UITO_Ha—
jaqam!“ Orkora_My_uesMBaa feCcHulla H_My-aloa mpolliteme, ce_
W3Ha306aa MYeHWa, H_OTH0a Ta_MM_pacKaxkKaa Ha_CHTe OTH_BHCTHHA
MayOpOT_e aCJIH BHCTHHCKH NMocHHk. [loBpTopHo Oea_HalpaBusie efeH_
Me3IMU WH Ce_HalllIO 3a_MyHaCHN Ja_M3ye3aT CHTe TuyBLH M_cTaopu
Ipey_alyM-Mayopa, Ja_My-amaT Mpolliteme, aMa_ceKoj rvtyulell Ma-

My_Ja_OZHeCaT Ha_aljMjaTa, 3a_2a-My_ro_yecTaT allMaKoT.

Cure 6ea_HalpaBiie MaHIiH W_-oTuUIIe Kaj_auu_mayopot. Cute
Cea_My_I'M_Hapequne Mmpeq_alvu_MauopoT MOKAOHHTe H_MY_WesIMBawe
mecuuua. Kora_ru_BAxes MayOpOT MOKJIOHHTe CHTe MOCHY, HM_peKo.n:
,»AOpe jaruutsa, OTH_HeKOj] H€_MU_MOHECOBTe NOKJIOH MeCO meyeHO?
— ,Eqa_-feKa_-NOcTHW, MeO_allM, THKH_3aTOa He_ROHECOBMe,“ My.
pekse. — ,,E, kKora_e_taka, aj nourpajTe eXHO_opo,‘’ UM_peKOul, ,,Ta—
IIpOUlTaBajTe_MU WTO_CyM_BH_3rpeulus. Ce_Hacbatuse cHTe opo ma-
MrpaaT OKOJy_eMa_ayuja, WeweH Of.nocTapHTe_cilaopu UM_BeJli
THBKO, KakO_co_necHa: ,,M_urpajre, OpaKka, opo, aMa_v_Ha_ynkKyu
raeqajre!“ Ha opoto urpajKku, Beke_He_MOoxeJ MayopoT Za_tpnu u_

MM_Ce€_CilyluiTH Ha HHB, Ta-rH_HalipaBu CuTe MWacTpMa.

108

CBEKOP, CBEKPBA H CHAA

Eqguo_ppeme CH_OnJIe Be 2%KeHH — CHaa H_cBeKpBa — H_cBeKOp.
JipetTe_2KeHH CH_Cefesie MoMa NoKpaj_orHulite Ta_cu_npemene, a_cBe-
KOPOT Cu_pa6oTen MmO_HafBopelHa_pa6ota, a_maK_cHH_My My-6nJl
ia_tyruHa. Hepectata HM.6us1a TpygqHa.

-HeH mMpefejKu_cu Kpaj-ornuuite cHaa H_cBeK
mpaiua CBeKpBa_cu: ,,A_MOpH HaHO, kKora_Ke_HH_ce_poa
TO_HOCaM BO_MeHe, KaKBO-MMe Ke_My-—KJlageme?

_-—~_L1€TKO, OATOBOPHia CBPKpBa-H, Ke_ro_KpcTume!

— Amm_Kane-Ke_ro_KulaqeMe Ja_sexH? NOBTOpHsa cHaaTa.

— Ose, Ha_KaToB, Kpaj_OrHMuITeBO, peksa mak cBeKpBaTa.
A_Ha_nouMuata, wWTO_6usla Ha_KaTor, Toraj HMaso efeH_cKenap.

— AMH_ako_MagHe Ha_Hero CKemapoH? npawana weBecrata.

— Ke_ro_orena, OAroBopuuia cBeKpsBara.

— Xaa! Kora_e_taKxa, pekia MajKkara Ha_Hepomgen_IlerKa, ajae
Wa_ro_nuayeme!

— Ajae ma_ro_nyiayeme, CH_peKie o6eTe yMHHuH %*KeHH! V_taka
CH_ja.ocraBulle pa6oTaTa H_ceqHane a_ro_mylauaT, a_ro_Taxat
W_Ma_ro_penaT Hepogeu_lletka.

Beyepta, Kora_cH_ouwlon of_pa6oTa, cBeKOpOT ce_Nouynna rue-
MajKH_ru X%KeHHTe Da_navaT Ha_HWWITO H_3a-HHIITO, Ta_ru_npalad
KOrO Taka ro_nwauese H_Taxkene. Tue My_pacKakKasie KaKO_OA_cHaaTa
Ke_ce_pojeno fete; Kako_Ke.ro_kpcteme; Kako Ke_ro_nospueme H_
Ke_ro_Kslafesie Ha_nexKu Ha_KaTOT; a_Hajmocyie KaKO_CKeNapoT WTo-
Ou Ha_nomuua Ke_magqyesl Ha_Hero, Ta_Ke_ro_otenam Jlerka H_Ke_
yMpeu, Ta_saToa THe yliTe_oTcera ro_nsiauese H_ro_tamese! -

— On_Bora Hale, MOopH_xKeHH, Tocnoyq BH_atTHa! wW3BuKaJ
CREKOPOT; WTO_e OBaa OyanwiTHHa of_Bac? KaKko_ce_nayeno 3a_
HepogeH yiuiTe u-HeymMpen TleTKo? Taksa OygauiTvia, NOBTOpH cTa-
pHoT, He_Ke_ce_Haofa Ha_BeKosB! Jac Ke_M3sle3aM H_Ke_WeTaM TIO_CHOB
cBeT H_Ke_OapaM fasmM_ce_naoraaT no6yaJH tyre Of-Bac.

Vi_raka cTapeloT Hu3sieron Of_f0Ma_cH a_Oapa WamHM_Ke_Moxe
a_Haie no6yzaylu O_ HeroBHTe_KeHH

we eee yA Gulee See wee ee MT ae

Onejku maTeM, BHJles] BO_@Ha_HHBa HeKOJIKYMHHa wTo_Oepese
Ha_KYM H_cakavie a_KpeBaaT KaBTeHH Open CO_BHJIM, Ta_ru_Nlo3apaBHl
H_MM_pekom: — Uectuta_su pabota, Opaka! — UYecr 2a_wmall, cTapye,
My_OropopHse THe. — I[]TO_umHNTe TyKa CO_BMJIHTe? YrH_npallal
CTapHoT. — Cakame jla_rH_co6epeme opevwBe Ha-Kyn Ta_fa_ru_kKpe-
HeMe, My_ogropopuvuie Tue. Crapelor Toraj cH_noMucsM: Opne_yre
Ouse no6yanH O_MouHe_xKeHu! — Amu_ce.KpeBaaT Open cO_BHJIM?
MM_peKo crapewot. THe_ve_ce_ceHo, Ta_fa_ru_coGepete H_KpeneTe
co_BuH! Hemojre Taka, Opaka; aMM_3eMeTe NO_egHa_MonaTa, Ta_H3pH-

109

HeTe_rH Ha-Kyn. Ilocne 3e€MeTe-“BpeKH Ta_HamOviHeTe_rH. THe_3eue
uonaTH H_Bpekw Ta_Toj¥ac Tu_coOpame opente Ha_Kyl H_TH_Hanol-
HUJIe BpeKHTe, Ta_TO_MOJIMTBeJle .CTapeLOT, ‘WITO_TH_Hay4HJI TaKOB yM.
Iloramy ogejKku, cTapenoT Hallion Apyru ayre WiTo_ce_Mayeue 1a.
KauaT Ha_MovlecOK e€HO_Marape, 3a_Jla_ja-ucnace TpeBaTa LITO_H3-
pacila Ha_MOIeCcOKOT; aMa HWKaKO He_MOKese Ma_ro_KayaT. — -Tlo-
Mo3uv_Bor, mpujatenu! wuM_pekon ctapvor. — Jlan_tu_Bor_jo6po,
cTapye, My-ogZroBopuuie THe. — LlTo_unmnute TyKa? ru_mpalian cta-
peor. — Ce_MauuMe Ja_ro_KayHMe MarapeBo Ha_MOlecoKos, 3a_fa,
ja-ucnace TpeBaHa, My_OJToBopyule, TyKy_HuKaKkO He_Moxeme. — A,
HM_peKOJ CTapelloT, MajTe_MuM efeH_cpM, jac a_ro_Kayam!
Tue_My_ane cpn U-cTrapemoT ce_nmoTKayHs Ha-nosecoKoT, ja-

raAwoew TnNeRATA vw wy 19 hnorAun o mwaranaron 1q iam era hey
HOKOCH TpeBaTa H_MY_ jaa QD pv npe x= Marapcre Aa ~jd-jaA Aid

CH_XKMB, CTapye, H3BMKaJle CHTe, WTO_HH_TO_CTOpH opa_200p0; HHe
ylulTe..MHOry Ke_Cce_MadeBmMe!

— V_osue He_6une moqonHH OA_MOMHe_2KeHM, CH_PpeKOJI caM CcO_
ceOe CTapHOT H_CH_TprHa no_naT fa_Oapa yuiTe 6yfawu.

Iloramy ofejku crapvoT Buse eH cBaTOBH IITO_HOCcee B UpKBa
eqHa_HeBecTa Jja_ja_peHyaBaaT. Hesectata Ola TpOa BHCOKa, MOBH-
cOKa OJ_UPKOBHaTa_Bpata, Ta_KOra_ollisla MO-BpataTa, He_ja_co3e-
Malo jja_Byiese B UpkBa 6€3 a_ce_momHaBege Mausy. CBaToBuTe ce
uylelle KakO_fa_ja_BHecaT HeBecTaTa — eJHH Beslene Ma_iu_rv_nor-
ceuaT Ha_HeBeCTaTa HO3eTe 3a_Ma_Ce_CKyCH MaJly; a Apyru Beseue He,
OTKaj_HoseTe Taa_CH_€ TOKMY CO_fiparoTt, a_llaBaTa ili_e_moBUcoKa,
Ta_oTTaMy TpeOaNo wa_ce_neTKycu. Jipyru_mak Mucsiesle 1a_ro_ypHatT
FOPHHOT_npar O_WpKOBHaTa_BpaTa, Ta_a_MoxKe HeBectaTa a_BuJe3e.

Korpa_ro_Buyel HWY TOa CBeKOpoT, RemoTO Ha_HepoyeH_Ilerxa,
CH_NGMHCJIMI: OBHe_Jyre_Nak Ouse yliTe noOydaliu O2_MOHTe_*KeHH.
Ta_uM_pekou: — LlITto Baka unHuTe, Ope Opaka? A_Ha_HeBecTaTa i1-

vwoanugn eHHa TUTTALYVIIA mA Unary wou peKOuvl aneany ‘cra MOONY
JAP tut Xu i ot yilatirilnd LIVoOLVICNYI FL— HL UENUY 9 pt tA QADvUAFievryy, WANS PEL —ii

BecTo!‘‘ Hepectata ce_HaBewla H_CH_BJleraia B WpkKBa. CHTe CBaTOBH Ce_

HouyAhIe Ha_YMUITHHAaATa OJ_CTapHOT H_TO_HU3MOJIMTBHJIEe 3a_OOpoTo
WITO_MM_ro_cTopHudl

gana’ ak Ve ade

Tloramy cpeTu Apyrv_eqHn nyfe wiTO.ce_Mauee Ma_-My- ja_ns-
BalaT of enue BpukKa TlaBaTa Ha_e{HO_TeJle, WTO_6ellie_CH_ja_3arHe-
THO, 2a_fa_jame TPM, Ta_Moce He_MoOxeJIO Wa_cH_ja_usBaJu.
M_Hum HMKAaKO H€_HM_TeKHyBaJIO KaKO_la_My_ja_u3BaaT. Eguu Be-
Jiele Wa_My_ja_mpeceuaT TlaBaTa Ha_TeweTO, a_mocuie a_ja_cKplwar
BpuKaTa, Ta_Taka fla_My_ja_u3BamatT! A_ctTapemot, Kora_ru_Buzed,
HM_P€KOR: — Cxpuere_ ja BpukKaTa, Ta_Ke_My_u3Jle3e TlaBaTa Ha Te-
evo! THe Toraj ja_cKplivJe, 4_Tlapata w3Jera.

Oruuios NOoTaMy cTapHoT, Ta_BUesl eHa_KeHa Kafe_CH_ja_Ha-
KUMTyBaJia CBHibaTa CO_HM3H QJIOpHHH 3a_fa_ja_mpaTH Ha_OpaKk 3a_

110

KyMa. CrapvoT ja_npawag 3a_Kage Taka ja_pyoxH cBHIbaTa. A_xKeHaTa
My.ogfropopHaia: — Ke_ja_npatam na_6pak 3a_Kyma! — Jlaj_mu_ja
a_ja-3anecam jac, nOBTOpH CrapHoT. /KeHaTa My_ja_ana u_Toj_cu—
ja-sa6pad HCH_ja_saHecoul TOMa_CH.

OtTKakO_H3BHe TOKy OyasuTMHH MO_CBeTOT, CTapHOoT Ce_Bpa-
TH yTellieH 2OMa (3ae€2HO CO_HAKHTeHaTa CBHIba), OTH_HalWION syre
noo6ynasmu ON_CBOHTe_>KeHH.

Pacis weet ri te STL Sle

TEKCT Off EBAHTEJIHETO (diyka X)

30. EgeH-yoBek cueryBaiue om Epycanum Bo Epuxon..H ro datuja
pa3sOojHHWH KOH To CjleKoa HW To u3y6uBaa UM CH OTHAOA OCTAaBAajKu TO
onBaj xuB. 31. A cayyajHo cmeryBalie eeH CBeUITCHHK NO TO} NaT Hu
Kora To Bugze, CH momMHHa. 32. A Taka H efeH JeBUT LITO Gellle Ha TOa
MecTO pucranu, ro Buse, H CH 3amuHa. 33. A nekoj CamapjaHnH
OfejKU Mojme Ham Hero H Kora To Buye, ce cmusu. 34. MW npucrany-
BajKu My TM nMpeBp3a paHute H My rv nosea co Macao Hu BHHO. HM otKora
TO Kau Ha cBOeTO WOGHYe TO AOBeMe BO CHA FOCTHMHHNA HW Ce 3a~
rpwxkn 3a Hero. M ytpementa OFejKu CH, H3BaqN WBa rpolla u My gale
Ha POCTHJIHMYAPpOT, H My peye: ,,SarpwxKU ce 3a Hero, H WTO Ke u3ap-
YL MOBeKe jac Ke TH MvlaTaM Kora Ke ce Bpatam.“

BJIAXKE KOHECKH
MAKEJIOHCKATA JIHTEPATYPA BO 19 BEK

1. YBOX

3ano3HaBaleTO CO JHTepaTypHaTa ejHOCT Kaj Hac Bo 19 Bek He
NlOCTaByBa IIpe OCHOBHUTe Npalilalha Ha OMUITECTBCHHOT Ppa3BHTOK BO
Makemouuja Bo Toa Bpeme. A wiTo Gee ocHoBHoto? Hero ro raegqame
BO HpowecoT WTO MoBpewe WO OPOpMyBalheTO Ha MaKeOHCKO HallHo-
haJIHO-OCMOOOTHTeENHO JBY2Kelbe, KO€ BO WieeceTTHTe TOAHHH Ha MMHAa-
1HOT BeK H3M—MrHa Oapatba 3a AYXOBHa cyloOoma, a NomoWwa U 3a
Wp2aBHa CaMOCTOjHOCT.

HopMaseH pa3BHTOK, IpH OHHe 2XMBOTHH YCJIOBH WTO MOcTOeja BO
Typcxata Mmnepuja, 6eme Hemucaum. Ila cemak, MpomecoT Ha KalHuTa-
JHCTHYKOTO IpeoOpasyBaihe, HaKO CHOPO, TH pa3HHIlyBalie OCHOBUTe
Ha GefroBCKHOT CHCTe€M H BHespyBallie HOBH omliTecTBeHH dopmu. Beke
BO MoYeTOKOT Ha 19 BeK ce 3a6eexKYBa KHBHYBalbe Ha HalMOT rpas-
CKH eJIEMeHT, POPMHPAH BO CBOJOT NOroseM Wes OF MPHAO)|TeHH celaHu
WITO ja HallylWiTaa 3eMjaTa NOpafM 2®XMBOTHaTa HecurypHocT. MaKkeou-
‘CKHTe TPrOBUH H 3aHaeTUHH Gea MOCTHrHasle H3BeECHA CKOHOMCKa MOK
WTO HM aBallie MOMHOCT 3a TpOjaBa H Ha WpOCBeTHOTO MOUe.

Tue ro cioMaraaT u3JieryBaweTO Ha IIpBuTe NeyaTeHH KHMru Ha
MaKeOHCKH HapomeH ja3HK. CamMOTO nNedyaTere Ha KHIM TOKaKyBa
feKa e cO3RaweHa W3BeCHa cpequHa ITO MMa 3a HUB uHTepec. Bo
TIPeMrOBOpOT KOH ,,YTellieHve rpelliHHM“, OCTaHaT BO pakonuc, Kupnat
VlejgHHopuk pacnpaBa OTH, Kora ja HamMuiadl Taa KHura, MHO3HHa
My BeJleyie: ,, Langu ry Tajy KHMKMLY Za ce WiTamMnoca HU MHe Ke TH
MOMOXKeMO Ha XapNlOoT KOra Ke HH TpaTHU NO ef\Ha KHura, H MH Ke
3eMeMO OT THa KHHIH 3a pa3faBawe NO KHHKOBHULM. Komky oceTHo

mrornahiara OR KH
HOT yin

wanntrar nO WOT
preveia

ATA ™9 120K Ha eae
AML a a NaAVUALEIL Jao, a apny MUNG

*KYBa OTBOPdawheTO Ha MaKe HOHCKA TWeuaTHHla BO CoulyH O70 CTpaHa Ha

‘Teonocuj Cunautcku, oKowy 1838 romqua, KakKO HM OMMTOT HatpaBeH
feceTtuHa POAMHH NOMOMWHA a ce co3fame MewaTHHWa BO THKBELIKOTO

Sp SESLEE OAL z a 252 IS

ceno Barauia.

HANAPwIATTA
FLAVA TAWA

112

7lo nmonopunata Ha 19 Bek KHMOKeBHaTa ejHOCT Kaj Hac HOCH
CKOpO HCKJLYYHBO UPKOBeH KapakTep. OBa ce OfHeECyBa KaKO JO He-
yaTeHHTe KHHTH Taka H WO OHHE paKONHCHH 360PHHIM WTO Toralll ce
COCTaBYBaa Ha Pa3SNHYHH MakewoncKH ~AMjanexTH. Mcrospemeno c.io-
BCHCKaTa mpocBeTta Bo Makegouuja Oelie orpaHwueHa Ha eJIeEMeHTAap-
HOTO H3ydyBalbe MHCMCHOCTa, BP3 YaCOCMOBOT MH NCaJITHpoT, BO Taka-
HapeyenHte KewajuH yunamiura. Of nonoBpHuata Ha 19 Bek cé noBeKe
ce WHpH Mpexata Ha rpafancku yuHuMuTa. Tora ce movaraaT 4
OCHOBHTe Ha MaKeflOHCKaTa rpafaHcKa HTepatypa.

7)
3. COCTOJBATA HA KYJITYPHO-IIPOCBETHOTO TIOJIE BO MAKETOHHJA

Bo cpequHaTa Ha MHHATHOT BeK, CO rpHKHTe OL HauIMTe TProBuUu
H 3aHdeTunh, Ce OTBROpaaT Ce NOBeKe PparancKH YUHJHIITa, MecTO Mo-
PpaHelIHHTe KeJHjHH BO KOH CeTa HayKa ce cocToellie BO CpHILalbeTo
MPKOBHH KHHrH. Iloxpaj rpiKute yuHMlutTa, popcupanu of Llapurpaa-
CKaTa NaTpHjapulnja, Ce ypeAyBaaT WU YYHJIHUITa CJIOBeEHCKN, BO KOH Ce
mpefaBa riaBHO Ha Me€CHH MakeOHCKH TroBopH. Yuutesmute ce umm Ma-
KeROHUH (HajnosHaTH — JIumutap Munagunos vw Jopnan xayn-Kouctau-
THHOBHY [InHoT) MIM Oea AOBeRyBaHH of Cpbuja u Byrapuja. Mery
OBHe TpafaHCKH Y4HJIMUITa, BO KOH Ce MpefaBallle HCTOpHja, reorpa-
uja, TpaMatTuka, CMeTaibe H Ap., ocoGeno ce HCTakHyBaaT Yy4uHWiH-
ultata Bo IIpusen u Beatec.

Bo cpequuata Ha 19 Bek mouecta e nojapara, MakenoHuH fa OfaT
H@ BHCOKH UIKOJIH, IpBHH O6HYHO BO ATHHa, a MOmOUHA Cé NoBeKe BO
Pycuja. Taka ce CO3HaBalie MaKe@OHCKA HHTeCIHTeHUHja WITO, Wako
MamyOpojHa, HakO YeCTO MaTH NpHMOpaHa fla ja Hanywita nopaAU Te-

UIKuTe wupnAtTut owenoenty ereniara 2asria cenak WoHo7ACcHeEce RATT ANIINT ey
2100 ANKI DU ITE yvivorn CBOjaTa Vem jay, Cenak Mipry neve NETL Y oda

NOCTaByBalbe H pellyBalbe NpaildwatTa OF KYJITYPHO-NPOCBETHHOT pa3-
BHTOK Ha MaKe€JOHCKHOT Hapoyd.

Bo spemero 3a Koe 360pypame Typiuja ce Haofallie BO cpeuH-

lUTeTO Ha eBponcKata nomHTruKa. Bo 1853 ronuHa n30u KpumcKkata
BOJHA WTO 3a XpHCTHjaHCKHTe HapowH BO TyplHja ce 3aBplu riaBHo
CO janOBH BeTYBalba 3a rpafaHcKH pedbopmu. Mefytoa Kako HoB dak-
TOP HeTaiyBaule OpMAparbeTO Ha HaWHOHATHH DBUKelba Ha NOpo-
G6eHuTe HapogH BO Typunja. Cranysa jacHo WeKa THe JIBM>Kelba 3eMaaT
Ha ce6e cé norodiema yui0ra BO MpaillameTo 3a HaTaMOlllHaTa CyA6uHa Ha
OToMaHCKaTa WapeBHHa, Ta 3apawW TOa MH BeJMKHTe CHIH HaCTO|yBaaT
Qa TH NoTuwHaT NOx cBoe BMjaHue. CeTo oBa ro non6yAzyBaie 3a
MOJHTHUKA aKTHBHOCT H MakeJOHCKOTO rparaHcTBO, OyyejKH BO HeTO
OMpedeHHd HawexH 3a ocAMOOOMYBalbe OF TypcKOTO poncTBo. OueKky-

BaibaTta Gea yvopaRBeHN Open ca Ha Pycuia Kako Ha rolleMa CWOBeHCKa
EIAs VOR Vespasusiss te BLA 23 2Uye <a vais a

wt whe Gy Sees 1a awe ie B\J ESE

113
8 Macedonian grammar atom

Airtnans

Ha CJIOBEHCKHTe TpaHWHu, CTaHyBa Taka CyllITeCTBeHa COCTaBKa BO
MHpOrJieqOT Ha MJlafaTa MaKeMOHCKa Oypxoa3nja 3a MOMOBUHATA
Ha 19 Bex.

4. BOPBATA TIPOTHB WAPHIPAJICKATA TATPHJAPIIWJA

aan7 aan

aan

IIppoTo opraHu3supaHoO MOJMTHYKO MCTalyBawe Ha MA@KeJOHCKOTO—
rpafaucTBo Oewle HeroBaTa Oop6a NpoTuB myxoBHata BJlacT Ha Llapu-
rpamckaTa NWaTpHjapwHja wro rorai Bo Makefouvja ru yipaByBalue
IpKOBHUTe HM MpocBeTHHTe paGoTH. Opaa Oop6a ce 3aCHIM TIpH KpajoT
Ha MefeceTTuTe H, PaBHO, BO lWeeCeTTHTe FOAHHH Ha MHHATHOT BeK,
Kora BO HEKOH rpamHulTa AOjfe AO WEMOHCTpaTHBHO U3jaByBatbe Heno-
KopHocT Ha [larpujapwnjarta.

Ifapurpagckata naTpHjapwuja WpercTaByBallle BCYWHOCT areHTypa
Ha BeJIMKOrpukata Oyp2Koa3Hja, CJlyaKejKH Ha Hej3HHHTe 3aBOjyBauKH
mnemH BO Makegouuja uv byrapuja u cTpeMejKu Ce KOH eJIMHH3allnja Ha
HapofoT BO THe 3eMjH. SaToa Taa Oellle 3akOpaBeH HelpujaTen Ha
HallHOHaJIHaTa MpeposOa Wu WHpeweTO Ha CJIOBeEHCKa MpocBeTa BO HUB.
OcBeH TOa, OBaa Of OCHOBa KOpyMMupaHa yCTaHOBa, BO KOja IpKOB-
HUTe 3BaHHja ce KyMyBaa 3a Mapv, eEKOHOMCKH [oO UCIipnyBallie Haceve-
HHeETO CO CBOHTe FOJIeMH WaHOWH WTO cenaK HHKOrall He cTacyBaa ja
rH NOKpHjaT NaTpHjapwiHucKHTe ONroBH.

Tlogma6oKaTa COApxKuHa Ha WpKOBHaTa OopOa Oellle ycloBeHa Of
CeKHAHeEBHOTO HaCTOjyBalbe Ha HaluleTO rparaHcTBO fa rH OcHrypa 3a
CBOMTe MpOH3BOAK MaKeJOHCKHTe Ma3sapHlTa Of OMacHaTa KOHKyped-
iHja Ha rpukuTe TproBuy. Taka HW oBAeKa PakTOpH Of eKOHOMCKa MpH-
pofa Oea pelaBalliTH BO 3apOyBalbeTO Ha HalWOHAJIHOTO ABHKerbe.
HerospuoT ueOOWKH OOJMK Nak Oewe BO TO] Nepuoa — OopOata 3a
CIOBeHCKa I[pKBa HM MpocBerTa.

Bo tTaa 6op6a MakefOHCKOTO rpafaHcTBO ce Hajme Ha HCTH 0-
SHIHH CO OyrapCKOTO rpafaHcTBO koe, OUAejJKA NOpa3sBHeHO, HMawle
rulaBeH 3060p Bo ceTa paOoTa. SaeHHYKUTe HHTepecu WTO MOcToeya,
3ae2HHuKaTa OopOa NpoTHB IpiH3MOT, MpH OWM30cTa Ha ja3sHKOT —
ceTO Toa cCo3fame OCHOBa 3a LUMpeme Ha OyrapCKOTO BJIMjaHue BO
Makefouyja, WTO Hajme CBO] Ofpa3 BO HapOAHOCHOTO onpesesyBae
Ha efleH es O MaKeMOHCKOTO rpafaHcTBO,’ KakO HM BO MpalilarbeTo
34 MaKeOHCKHOT ja3H4eH HM JIMTepaTypeH pa3BHTOK.

Mefytoa, MaKeOHCKOTO rparaHCcTBO TocTaByBallle BO IpKOBHaTa
Gop6a MH CBOH ChelN@uyHN Oapama WITO Ce OAHECyBaa MO ycTpOjcTBoToO
Ha WfHaTa 3aeHHuKa OyrapcKo-MakefOHCKa UpKOBHa yipaBa, OTKaKO
Ke Ce H3BOjyBa OTIemyBate o7 Ilatpujapwujara. Tue Oapatha ce co-
cToeja BO Toa WTO 3aeAHH4KaTa UpKBa a Ouse nocTaBeHa Ha JeMO-
KpaTCKH @ He Ha WeHTpaJIMCTHYKH OCHOBH, 3alTO CO MpaBo ce mpexy-

114

ceTyBallle OnacHOcT AeKka OyrapcKaTa Oypxoa3vja Ke ja WCKOpHCTH
WpKOBHaTa OopOa 3a cBOM MoceOHH WelH BO Makenonuja. Bo eqna
cTaTHja u3meseHa BO BecHHKOT ,,Makefonuja“ (23 jyHu 1870) cocem
OApeseHo ce MOABJeKyBa eKa WeHTpaJIMCTHUKHTe TeHAeHWHH, WiTO ce
6ea Beke OjaBMle, Hema la TH 3anoBomaT MakenouuutTe uM eka He-
MHHOBHO Ke ro 3a0CTpaT MAKeJOHCKOTO Mpalatbe.

HheTO Ha CaMOCTOjHa OyrapcKa Ersapxuja, co ‘cyJITaHCKHOT depMaH
om 28 despyapu 1870 roauya. Hexou makenoucKu enapxHu BeLHall,
a [pyri MaJiKy MowOlna HoTMagHaa MOR Hej3HHa BJiacr. Mefyroa,
Kako ITO Geme Er3apxujata ypefxeHa Ha WeHTpaJHCTHYKH NpMHuaAn,
CTpeMejKH cé 1a TO NpesemMe WeJIOKYNHOTO paKOBOACTBO Ha W.PKOBHHTE H
yuHJHWinHTe paOoTH BO Makegoniija, Taa HaCKOpO ce CyApH CO MaKe-
MOHCKHTe .ONUITHHH UWITO HaCcTOjyBaa -fa ja 3a4yBaaT CBOjaTa CaMo-
cTojHocr. Beke Bo cpeaquHaTa-Ha cellyMfeceTTuTe TroMHH ce jaByBa
Bo Makefouvja ABHKewe 34 CALenyBawe of Ersapxujata u co3qa-
Bate aBToKkedanna Oxpuacka apxMenucKonija, Koe TpeOaJio Aa ce
NIOCTHFHE CO MPe@MHHyBafheTO Bo yHujata. IIpu kpajot Ha 19 Bek mak,
ail HU3 OopOaTa npoTuB opraHHTe Ha Er3apxujata, ce oopmysBa pe-
BOJIYHHOHEPHOTO ABHKerhe WTO 3a CBOja Wes ro NOCcTaBM CO3,aBarbeTO
Ha.apToHomHa Maxeyouuja. Popue Terpos, emeH of OCHOBaUNTe H pa-
KOBOAMTCIMTe Ha PCBONYUHOHepHaTa OpraHHsauuja, H3HECyBa BO CBO-
ute ,,CnomeHi feka oKosy 1890 rofuna ce jaByBa peakuitja ,,mpoTus
cTpemMexutTe Ha Er3sapxujata GecKOHTpOJIHO a rocnokapyBa BO IPKOB-
HHTé H YUWJIKINHHTe paOoTH BO 3eMjaTa... HemMatie Biaguka HM Mo-
BUCH er3apXHCKH yYHTe/ WTO Ba He Gemle MOAMOKeH Ha HaBpeAM U
ronelbe Off CTpaHa Ha HaceyleHueTO’. OBa ABYKelbe TO] TO CMeTa KakKO
»IIpB YeKOP KOH camofejHocr’ Bo Maxkeonuja: ,,Toa HeoceTuHo ce
IipepOAM BO peBOJIyWHOHEpHO ABH xKerwe. OA MOYeTOKOT BO peBOJYWN-
OHEPHOTO JesIO HeEOCeTHO MpBO H TviaBHO yyeCTBO 3ef0a UCTHTe sJTyfe

ITN La Bex TA TINOTUR Braa
dda ace i Vr wy asi vu

63

on

TAQ ATA
VAC a

6. NOJABATA HA FPAFAHCKA JIMTEPATYPA BO MAKEJIOHHJA

Bo oOHa OMUITeCTBeEHO pa3qBH>KyBakbe, WTO HacTaHa 3a], MOJIOBH-
HaTa Ha MHHaTMOT BeK, ce pa3BH BO Makeyouuja HM NOMHTeH3MBHAa
pa6oTa Ha KH KeBHOTO nove. Cera Beke ce Ha/[MHHyBaaT TeCHHTe
PaMKH Ha WPKOBHAaTa KHWKHHHA, WTO yuiTe BJlafeelle BO TpBaTa Mo-
siopHHa Ha 19 Bek, 4 ce jaByBaaT MOY“eTOWH Ha rpafkancKa muTepatTypa
cO HOBa COUpxKHHa WH HOBH M3pa3HH cpescTBa. OBpaa JuTepaTypa ce
cTpemeile a ce OriacCH Ha COBPeMeHHTe MOjaBH BO KUBOTOT Ha MakKe-
JOHCKHOT Hapoy, Koj TOoram Geme ondateH of OopbaTa 3a KyJITypHO,
CaMOYTBpAyBaibe, 4 OCBEH TOa Tada HOCellie aKIeHTH Ha HHTHMHOTO
HM OMUTECTBEHO CTAHOBHUITe Ha JIMYHOCTA.

i
—_
ol

g*

(ako H Kaj ApyrutTe CAOBeHCKH HapoH WTO BO 19 Bek ja NpexKu-
ByBaa CBOjaTa HallHoHaIHa mpepoqOa, HM OBA2Ka € 3a KHHKEBHATA
O6HOBa KapaKTepHCTHY¥eH pa30yMeHHOT HHTepec 3a HaposHaTa JHTEpa-
Typa H HapogHutTe o6nYaH. Bo HHB ce ruleqallie HajH3pa3sHTOTO OTeJIO-
TBOpeHHe Ha AYXOT Ha HapoAHOcTa WTO Tpeba Aa ja MpOHHKHYyBa Mpe-

naoaratara wranontyva wrwyrtTyna
PYALTaIe TRAP ALii ci ny ke ype: *

Tlouerokor Ha paOotata 3a NpHOupate MaKeAOHCKH HapOJHH yMo-
TBOpOH e€ CBp3aH CO HMeTO Ha Opakara J/umMutrap u Kouctantuy Mu-
JAMHHOBIM, YHjUITO ToJIeM 300pHHK OJ HaPOAHH NMecHH u3sieze BO 3a-
rpe6, Bo 1861 roguHa, co nomouira Ha J. J. IWtpocmajep. Mogouna
Taa pa6ota ja NpodouoKHja HHBHATe cweqOeHHILM, Mery KOH OCOOeHO
ce ucTakHyBaaT Ky3man Ianxapesp u Mapxo Llenenxos. JLo Kpajor
Ha 19 Bek Oellle BeKke coOpaH HU H3RameH TovIeM Wel.O, MakeORCKIL

Hapogz Ww nec H} HOuUKa3syH UW AP TARY
Taps L Nair, iL peau re £1VUdiVriitii,.

Aumutpa Munanwuopa (oKory 1810 mo 1862) ro cnomeHaBMe
BeKe ef{Hallf KaKO e€leH OA HajMCTaKHaTHTe NpocBeTHH paGOTHHIH BO
cpemuHata Ha 19 Bex Bo Maxkegouuia. Toj Oelie YoBeK cO MOlMpoKO
oOpa30BaHne: yuellle Tpuka ruMHa3Hja Bo JaHvHa, TO no3HaBalle, MO-
Kpaj PpuKHOT, UTasMjaHCKMOT H (paHilyckHOT ja3HK. Mi3BecHO BpeMe
(1856 rog.) npoBene Bo cpmcKuTe Kpanuita, Bo Mocrap, CpemcKn
Kapnopun, Hopu Cag u Benrpag. Orxako ce Bpatu Bo Maxegouuja,
TO} Kako yuuTen Bo IIpuaen, Kyxyur wu Oxpug 6ele eeH Of mpBHure
W HajaKkTHBHuTe opraHh3aTopH Ha 6op6ata wpotus Llapurpagzckata
naTpujapuimja. KapakTtepucTHuHo e feKa pe4uHCH CHTe HCTaKHaTH Ma-
KeNOHCKH paOOTHHILH Ha JIMTepaTypHOTO MoJIe BO Toa BpeMe Oca He-
rOBH yueHHIH, Mery HMB u noeTHTe KonctranytuH Muaanunos, Pajko
Kunsupos u [purop lpanues. Osoj nocmeqaHHoT co BakKBH 300pOBH
ce H3pa3yBa 3a cCBOjoT yuHTes: ,,fOj BO ceKoja moctanka HMalule
HELITO MpHBsIedHO. SOOpoT My Teyellle Of yCTaTa Kako Meg. CpBellTeH
craH My Tropellle BO ounTe™.

io Kosky € 1O3HaTO, NpB NOTCTpeK 3a ccOMpame HapoaHH Necau
na Mujagquyopa My Jad pycKuoT caaBuct Buxtop Ipuroposuy Koj, Ha
CBoeTO Hay4HO NaTyBalbe 0 Typinja, ro nocetua Bo Oxpuy 1845 ro-
KuHa. HataMy cekaKO JOUWIO, KakO HajBaxKHO YIJIeAyBalbe, 3amo03Ha-
BalbeTO co BykoBuTe 30HpkKH Ha cpicKH HapORHH ymMoTBOpOH. 36op-
HHKOT Ha MumanHHoBid cnara Mefy HajpaxKHHTe mojaBH BO THe [2-
HOBH Ha KHHKeBHAa Mpeponzoa.

Kako WTo Ke BHAHMe TOfOlHa, MakefOHCKaTa HapomHa noesnja
H3BPIUH BAMjaHHe pu CO3qaBaHeTO Ha MaKeQOHCKaTa YMeTHHYKA I10-
e3Hja BO BTOpata nomoBuHa Ha 19 Bek. Tpe6a ucTo Taka la ce 3eMaT
NpeABUA, BO BPCKa CO WeJIOKYNHOTO KYJITYpHO H30Mrawe Ha MaKeOHu-
CKOTO TrparaHCTBO, H Apyrute JMTepaTypHu BAHjaHHja WTO NoMorHaa
a ce Of *KuBeaT OOpachiiTe Ha WpkOBHaTa AWTepatTypa. Tyka uje Ha
MIpBO MeCTO BuJIMjaHHeTO Ha rpukata, mpeg cé Ha KuacMuHaTa JHTepa-

Typa, cO WewlaTa Ha Koja MaKe€JLOHCKHTe YYUCHHITM Ce 3anO3HaBaa BO
rnukuTe vunmnuta. Hecomyepa yaora H3HrDa 4 CDmCcKaTa muTepalypa:

af? aan J *eeuatiies ava ue PR pCR FR presser aa vit Me ee 7

116

TlocTtojaT AypH u 3a4yBaHH penmucu Ha CpicKa rpafaHcKa JMpuKa OF
TIpBaTa NOJOBHHa Ha 19 Bex. Bo Makefounnja ucTo Taka uMmalle BO
TOa BpeMe Jlyfe WTO 6ea 3anO3HaTH MH CO pycKaTa jHTepatTypa. Cute
THe PaKrope mpumoHecoa fa ce co3qame W3BeECHa CpefuHa UWITO Ke

HHTepec 3a HOBaTa JINTepatrypa
’ pees BelHaul fa ce eee eka padota’
MAKeMOHCKH TparaHCKH NMCaTeJIM He MOXKelle, MOPaW NPWInNUTe LITO
Ke TH cnoMeHeMe, fa ro uMa BO Maxkeyonuja oHOj o”r

2arkvu ~

4s
-
~~

4m

MDaBO OH Ce OUCKYBAU. Vimexo, HipBHTe€ MaKe AOHCKH ToeTH — Koucran-
TuH Munanunop wu Pajxo Kunsudos, padoTea faseky Of cBojata
seMja, Bo Pycvja, nevatejkH Bo va anuja WITO CaMO BO orpaHHueH

C “A BO paHHy
6poj Moxea fa ufat BO Makefonnja; a Vpurop IIpavyes cpojata
aannecne pa6Oota, noemata »Cepmapor’, ja Hamuila Ha TpuKH ja3HK.
KapakTepHCTH4HO e 3a OBMe noeTH, MefyToa, eKa 2%KHBO CO4“YBCTBYyBaa
Ha cyfOuHaTa Ha CBOjOT HapoOf, Ta HHBHaTa moe3Hja e MHOry HHTe-
peceH MOKYMeHT 3€ MaKeJOHCKHOT X%KHBOT BO TOa Bpeme. MunejKu
cela Ha NONOAPOOHO COOoMMITeHve 3a HHBHaTa paOota, Ke BHAMMe KakO
ce Opasusie Kaj HHB HacTpoeHHjaTa u Heute WTO ja TBMKea OMLWTe-
CTBeHaTa aKTHBHOCT BO MakeouHja TO NOMOBMHATa Ha MHHATHOT BeK.

;

7. KOHCTAHTHH MUJIATMHOB

TlomsaqHoTt of Opakata Munanunosuu, KoncraHTuH, e€ poseH BO
Crpyra oxony 1830 roguna. OcHoBHa mwkona yuer Kaj Opata cu n-
MHTap, THMHa3vja BO JaHHHa; CTYMpadl TpH TOAMHH UCTOpUja KH CpH-
JOOrHja Ha yHHBep3suTeToT Bo Aruya (go 1852). OrKako yuntescrBy-
Bal €2HO Bpeme BO cello Marapeso u burosa, Toj co 3a3eMame Ha

OpaTa CH ycneal a oOve cTuneHguja 3a cTyAupatbe BO Pycnuija,
TYBaJl pH Kpajor Ha 1856 rojuua.

ma 2UVU 12 4a\

m =f

Se UIKHOT _akyarer Ha oe

ajell OF Toa BpeMe ee
ie VY

co eJMHCKaTa KyJItypa KOH OHa UITO Torall ce Ha pew
,ClapjaHu3am". Cé morojema MpHBJewHocT mouna

cy HatuHTe TW Te Dx Fev, WaAwy wawwmr THORNRAAQ y nopencka Se
a TLCLIWIFL LY di a ycHja, Hany ays JiCWa CUI DUEMUna VuUlY

a CaMHOT H3BOp MOx*Ke a ce 3aNO3sHae CJIOBeHCKaTa KyJITypa. Bo
Pycuja cTurua, Nak mo HacTojyBame Ha JIumutap Muaanunop, u apy-

EE Cones

JED, FL

rHoT MakKefoHcKH moet — Pajxo /Kun3ndos, ABe rosMHH uO Kon-
crauTuHa. Tue Bo MockBa ce ABHAKea BO KpyroT Ha CJIOBEHOPUAOT
VW. C. Akcakos, ma Tu ycBouja cmoBeHOduscKuTe Hen, WITO HAaT oO
H3pa3 ocoGeHo Kaj 7KuH3udoBa. SaenHo Co efHa rpyna OyrapcKH cry-

HeHTH, Mery KOH e€ Hajno3HaT Jby6en KapaBesioB, THe paOoTea Ha

M3naBpawmero cnucaHHe Bparexu Tpya* ne yaTejKu TYKa H CBOH padorTH

9 iu

aoa wists AtAlWiw 4547 eae

ey,

KoxwcTadTHH ja Hanyurn Mocksa mpy Kpajot aa 1860 roguHa, He
MoxKejKH Ja Hajjle TaMy H3aBay 3a 300PHHKOT OM HapOAHH MecHi.
Toj om Bo Buena, Kage wito ce ctasyspa co J. J. Wrpocmajep, Koj ce
nadaTua ha ro CHOMOrHe H3,aBalbeTO Ha 360PHUKOT, Capajku on Mu-
JlaqMHOBa fa ro Mpenule CoO KupHaila, 3auiro mecHuTe Ouse Oevle-
*KeHM CO Tpuka a36yKa. S60pHHKOT u3sie3e Of MeuaT BO 1861 roquHa
BO Sarpeo.

Bo ucToTo Toa Bpeme, nocTapuoT Opat JiumuTap, HakJleBeTeH Of
OXpHACKHOT BulanquKa danapuoT*) Mesneruj, GumyBa 3aTBOpeH HM cripo-
Bereu DBS BO Ruranra 9 narnma pon ranurnaneyvara 2aunau Ulrom

poy bY Ayrlivvla a Lluwedviv DY Wa pris peArL DG 1a VAI AaAtae aA ava
pa36pam 3a Toa, KoncranTuH noOp3am Bo Lkapurpagq, 3a wa My M0-
MOTEe HeKaKo Ha OpaTa CH, HO TaMy HM Hero ro 3aTBOpHue. Bo janyapu

1862 ronvua. Bo pactojaHHe Of CaMO HeKOKY TeHa, yMpea B 3aTBOp
hw _ a VHRR, yy Rear Ea cee ne VE VAIL Via tiny ry diQiy af are “a Vo, Uw YY

Alumutap u KonctantuH Munanunos, 3acslyKHHTe MakeJOHCKH mpe-
poq6enuuu.

On Koncrantuna Munanuuosp HH Ce OCTaHaTH OKOJIy MeT-liecHa-
eceT NeCHH, NeuaTeHvH BO ,,bpaTcKH Tpya H BO HeKOM Apyru OyrapcKu
CIMCaHHja HW BeCHHUM Of TOA Bpeme. Maia mo oncer, HeroBaTa noeTcKa
paOoTa saToa ce HCTaKHyBa CO CHJlaTa Ha MCKpeHa HayjaxuaToctT. Co
Hea He NOWHYBa MaKeMOHCKaTa MoesHja CaMO BO JIMTepaTyPHO-HCTO-
PpHCKa CMHCJla, AMH NOUHYBa BHCTHHCKaTa YMeTHHYKAa MakejlOHCKa 10e-
3Hja, WTO H feHecKa Hé Bo36ynyBa. MHaky u3BeCHH 4HCTO CrHxo-
NJIeETCKH OMHTH WMalie Kaj Hac u pea KonctanTtuHa MumayiinHosa.

Ilecnute Ha Muanqunopa ce NXllyBaHH Ha YMCT Hapojen ja3HK
-O], CTpywikHoT Kpaj. Toj Tprua Of Toa DITO Kako noeTCKH H3pa3 Oellle
co3qafweuo BO MaKeMOHCKaTa HapOfHa Moe3hja, HHCMUPUCyBajKH ce OF
Hej3HHHOT JyX M Hej3HHaTa MOTHBHKa, HU jaByBajKu Ce H BO TOj Noruses
mpeTeua Ha TBOPHMTe Ha COBpeMeHaTa MakenoHcKa noesHja. [[ponoa-
MKyBaleTO Ha HAPOMHUTe NOeTCKH TPakuluu Gellie OHO] NpaBHvieH naT,
no Koj omeuie KonctaxtuH Musaqunos, u camo TOj] OA MpBure Make-
mouckH noetu. Ke BuguMe Kako Hepa30OMpameTO Ha Toa -TelllKo ce

AVN A wR LYS sehQask abe ypavwrs

Olpa3H BO MOeTCKOTO TBOpelITBO Ha Pajka ?Kun3udos u Tpuropa
IIpauuesa. (...)

*) PanapwuoTH — mpwHnmaqtHuuM Ha OoraTHTe rpukH TproBcKH dbamMumun, Kou-
wiTo o#KUuBeeja Bo LlapurpancKuoT KBapt PaHap. PanapuoTuTe uMaa HM3a TIPUBH-

eruv, KaKO CKOHOMCKH Taka H IONHTHUKH, BO TypcKaTa uMNepuja. Panapuotute,
ae ; : eo a

yBajku ‘OKa UpkKBeHa yctTa
a a rT
So VY

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whe Ha Byrapu, Makeaouuy,
ws) oReriivar BUvaETS BuaIEeAAsUIG a5 sirngits fe
Ha BeUHKOPpaKaTa OYPpRMOaSHjd, SAHOCYBajKH CE
CHYBame MOKTAa Ha HeKoralida BusantTija.
THUYKa napTuja (KOmyxucTu) u MakedoxcKoro #a-
S)ecerp. ik

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YUuoHaAHO npauatoe (CKonje i9

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118

10. COCTOJBATA BO MAKEJIOHWJA IPH KPAJOT HA 19 BEK

Hue BHAOBMe eka BO 60-Te roquHH Ha MHHATMOT BeK OopOata
npotusp LlapurpagckaTa maTpujapliuja to uCNOUHyBallle OMliTecTBe-

HMOT 2%MBCT BO Maxeflounja. Bo tecna Bpcka co Taa Oop6a croelre
yu nmojapata Ha rparanckata MakencHcKa JuTepaTypa BQ OBA Bpeme.

aca: GAMRBLAG SACING EATS vAKe SOY

Illeecetrute u nouekane ceayMAZeceTTuTe ToaHHH npeTCTaByBaaT me-
PpHOA Ha HajKuBa padoTa BO MaKefOHCKatTa sHTepatypa om 19 Bex.
Toraui ce jaByBaaT Hej3MHvTe HajBuyHM mpercTaBaulu — Munagnnos,

PKun3ndos u lIpsmues. Tleuenunte lWiroO Ojqoa moTOa MoBexoa AO
OnafameTO M peuHcCH MOMHOTO es Ha JIMTepatypHaTa paoota

Tipex cé "Tpe6a qa ce uctakue (baxtot eka peslaTHBAUOT eKOHOM-
CKH IpocneputeT BO MAKeAOHCKHTe Fpamuluita mouwa og 70-Te roAHHH
OcTpo ma onafa. MakefoHCKuTe NpOu3BOAM He MOKea Ma ja u3ApKarT
KOHKYypeHUHjara Ha KaNWTadHCTHYKHTe CTOKU WTO cé moBeKe ce Mia-
cupaaT, OCOGeHO OTKaKO ce OTBOPH XKedesHuyKaTa JMHUja CouwyH--
Cxonje. [lopaqu TelikuTe XHBOTHH YCJIOBH UM JIMUHAaTa HECHTYPHOCT BO
OBaa TYpCKa NpOBHHUMja, H MHaKy MaslyOpojHata MHTeMreHuja OF
TOAHRa Ha TOAHHA eMurpupa, OapajKu MOCHOCeH 2KHBOT. Osue smyfe
mOBeKeTO ce O2HapOyzyBaat.

Oco6eHo HeraTHBHa yJlora BO YMpTBYBalbeTO CaMOCTOJHHOT Kyu-
TYpeH MAKeQOHCKH Ppa3BUTOK H3HTpa Er3sapxujaTa Koja ce moKaxka 7O-
cTOeH HacsieqHHK Ha LlapurpagcKata nmatpHjapuiuja. Hej3uuute Me-
TOAH Ha yilpaByBalhe Ha UPKOBHHTe HM WIKOJICKUTe pa6oTH BO Make-
HOHHja BCYWIHOCT He Ce pa3JivKyBaa MHOTy Of OHWe LITO MopaHo TH
ipuMenysBaue Tlarpujapuujata. TIporupHo ua uHTepecuTe Of MaKe-
MOHCKHOT Hapon, Ersapxujata ce pakoBofelie Oo MpHHWMNUTe Ha
BeHKOOYrapcKaTa Xe€reMOHHCTHUKA NOTMTHKa, CTpeMejKu ce fa ja
MOTUHHM HallOJIHO KYyJITYpHO-lIpocBeTHaTa paOota BO Makeyonuja HW aa
ON€BC3MOKU CeKOja MpOjaBa Ha CaMOCTOJHOCT BO TO] Morseg.

Muory HHTepecHO @ HpeTCTaBeHO OBA HacTOjyBathe wa Ersapxu-
java, KaKO MH HeroBuTe naryOnu mocNeaHWM, BO NOeMW4KaTa Opollypa
Ha Ilerap Ilonapcos (BapazapcKu) Ee aus Bo Maxkeyo-

uvia vw weievutTe mnpereTaBHyn’ Kola Hzgqe3se BO TROA muna Tht Co.
anjd MW He\Sannte mpercraBbAawuy oja M3SJIese BO 109% iia. iMeca

TeNOT ja W3HeCyBa OHaa ,,KasOCcHa cJIMKa WTO ja eperecaevaais
Makeouuja oKouy ocyMecertata romuna, Kora Ersapxujata m06u

HoroJTen eA Wea a HawmatTa Tare OpUuHA cTanHa Yawn ucwewAeH WUMoOW
AVAL UYLOLy 9MaGWerpD.Y, a4 qagiuaia iainvorna Lana Nand AUILO ARO ogi khiva tyra

(lIrO BHpoweM He Oellie 3a dpsame), OuRejKu uMeHO romem en OL.
MeCHaTa HHTeJIMreHUHja ja HaMyuITH 3eMjaTa, a ocTaHaa caMO OHHe
cTapu paOoTHHyN UITO BO CBOjaTa MpocTOAyWHOCT Hu Bep6a He AOMMy-
tmitaa meka Ca. Hatia Er3sapxuja KakO 4YOBe4Ka yCTaHOBa, MOKe BOJIHO
WIM HeBOJIHO fa OHAe BO 3a6Jya MO HeEKOM Mpalllatha, a ja Curyilaa
6e3 HHKaKBa KPHTHKa: coceM jacHO CraHyBa KaKO MOJIeKa Ce 3a4Ha HU
W30HTHa BO Wed] CHCTeM er3apxXHCKaTa MOHAPXHCTH4Ka yapaBa WTO BO
HajHOBO BpeMe... Ce MpeTBOpyBa BO ZuKTaTypa“.

3

ErsapxujaTa mpef cé ce crpemelle fa ja cBefqe §O Hysla He3aBH-
CHOCTa Ha M@K€MOHCKHTe OMLITHHH WITO nopaHo urpaa TrosemMa ywora

RN MOKOBHHTeE YW OMLITeECTBeHHTe naocoTu 3acTanveaikH ry meSToORNaAwaAanyA
Oy Apri © dA LUViwwvririie pa Afly, OCU Cees CASES Ee ir WAY LV DYVUEMNTIY

WHTepeciTe Ha XPHCTHjaHCKOTO HacesieHve Mmpea TypcKuTe BulacTu. On-
WITHHCKUTe yupaBl, H30HpaHu Of HapOOT, cmpoBesyBaa BO HeroBO MMe
KOHTpONIa Ha mpocBeTHaTa paOota. Satoa Er3apxujata resale BO
ajromeMa mpeuKa 3a CBOHTe WeHTPawIHCTHYKH CTPeM@XKH, H HaCTO-

THM war nerenwer ow

yBaliieé fa TH COHEBOSMOMKH WH a HalipaBu Of] HUB MOCJIYWIHO opy Ane.

20}
an

Axess

_

met, cr

Bulaguka TFpuropuj Oxpuacku co peBoulBep B paka pacTypHsl eHO
3acefaHve Ha ONUITHHCKala yupaBa.

ErsapxujaTa HeMallie Bep6a BO Me€CHaTa MHTeJIMPeHUja, Walle jKu
ce Of H€]3HHUTe ABTOHOMHCTHYKH HacrpoeHuja. SaToa Ha CUTe MOBAKHH
IIpOCBeTHH HM UWPKOBHH JOJMKHOCTH mMocTaByBalie wyre og Byrapnija,
CHrypHH CNPOBOAHHUM Ha XereMOHMCTHUKAaTa MOMMTHKa cipema Make-
mounja. (pocpernuot ofmen Ha Er3apxujata Tlonapcop ro HapeuyBa
»IpOcT H GHCT CeBepoOyrapCKN je3s3yHTCKH OpHeH CO H3BeCHa 3afa4da...
WITO Ja COMP BO ceOe yuITe TEHACHWUNjata Aa ce co3nmanaT Bo Make-
Hounja Byrapu!“

Ce pa3s6upa eKa BaKBOTO MocTalyBare Ha Er3sapxujata mocTaBu
SH Mefy Hea H HapoHHTe MacH, H MOpallie Aa ypou co peaklinja.
Bo HapOfoT ce 3acHyBa ABUxKewmeTO a ce 3auyBaaT CTaputTe mpaBa
Ha ONWITHHCKaTa CaMOYypaBa, BO Ma@KeJOHCKHTe MpOCBeTHH Mpalatba
HajBaxkeH 3060p 4a uMaatT Makefonuute. YKaxyBajKu Ha MOLMOJHAaTA
yiiora Of BestMKOOyrapcKuTe areHTu BO Makeyonuuja, Kon Ha ce6e KJa-
BaaT MacKa Ha Opaxa, [lomapcop ro ynpaByBba OBOj ane MO HapoOOT:
tla momo, cute yvecHH Makengonuu! Jla ru cnaceme yMupaliTure
ommuTHHu BO MakejloHvja, co Koe CaKaaT fla Hé MpeTBOpaT BO MPTOB
Tpyl, 3a Ma ce urpaatT cO Hac NO cBOja BOJIja, THe OOmeM Halli
Opaka!.. .“

MspnekyBajku Qia6oKa moyKa Of moctamkuTe Ha Ersapxujata,
HajZOOpute mpeTCcTaBHHWH Ha TOraliHaTa MaKkeJOHCKa MJlawa renepa-
WHja, Kako mito ce Toue Jlenyes, Popye Terpos, [lepe Toutes, Ilerap
TlomapcoB H Ap., yBHoa eka e TyKa paOoTaTa 3a e4Na NOJMTUKAa Ha
mopo6yBate Ha Makegounuja of cTpaHa Ha OyrapcKuTe BJacTOApULY,
UITO C€ KpHjaT 3a), TeopHjaTa 3a e/leH Hapoy MU 3a JIMMeMepHUTe Ppa3n
3a MOMOL Ha ,,Oparot-poO“. Bo opa BpeMe Kora MaKeOHCKNTe CelaHH

BEEN AES SEER pg hp ee ke Wie CLEA AA EE Ea VR shy

CHTHH TPrOBUH HW 3aHaeTUHH Cé MOBeKe Ce PeBOJTYNMOHU3HpaaT, THe TH
yupuja ocHoBuTe Ha BHaTpelinaTa MakefOHCKa PeBOJIYWMOHepHa opra-
Hu3aunja (BMPO), raaBHata Wel Ha Koja w Oellle, MAKeJOHCKHOT Hapod
CO comcTBeHa Oop6a a U3BOjyBa cmoO0Ma MU CBOja He3aBHCHa JpxaBa,
Ta 2a Ce OHEBO3MOXKAaT 3aBOjyBayuKHTe CTpeMeXKH Ha GaKaHCKMTe xere-
MOHHCTH cipema Maxkejonnja. ,,Makegqouuja Ha Makeonunte, 3eMjata
Ha 3emjomesunte’’ — GOellle OCHOBHa Napowla WITO yKaxyBa Ha CVIIIHO-
CTa Ha OBa peBOJYHHOHeEpHO ABM xKeme. On Taa cocToj6a Ha padoTuTe
ROTHYHO MOPalwe 1a Mpoussiese MpallaweTo 3a MpOOMKYBalbe Ha OHHE

pond
i)
So

TpaQHUMH WITO BO TeKOT Ha 19 BeK, a ocoOeHO BO 60-Te rogqHHH, ro
o6eulexKyBaa CAMOCTOJHHOT aT Ha MAKe€QOHCKHOT KyJATypeH pa3BHTOK.
Hepelienoto nmpalilatbe Ha JMTepaTypRuOT ja3uK mak ce japysa. Hezo-
CleqHO H HECMesIO Toa Oelle nocTaBeHO BO 1892 roqnHa npeKy cHMca-
HveTO ,,Jlo3a“, H32aBaHO BO Coduja On efHa rpyma MakeJOHCKH HHTE-
JlekTyasiuu. Bopoyem cmucanveTo Hackopo Oelle s3adpaneto. VWaKo
lipaliateToO Ha ja3HKOT O CTpaHa Ha MaKeJOHCKHTe peBOJYyWMOHeEpH
ce ocTaBallie 3a nomomHa, Kora Makeyouuja Ke Ouse OcmOGOMeHAa, BO
Koe CeKaKO Ce OFielyBa ylliTe HEJOBOHaTa U3jaCHeETOCT Ha HalMoHaJ-
HHOT porpaM Ha ABHKeHeTO — TOa MoOpallie a rH 3aHHMa JLyXOBHTe.
Toa Hajje HajapeH H HajmOJIH M3pa3 BO KHHraTa Ha Kpcte MucupKos
»oa MaKeOHikuTe paOoTu, u3e3eHa BO Co@uja 1903 roguua.

het
ea

. KPCTE I. MACHPKOB

MuycupkoB e pogzex so 1875 roguua Bo cenoTto Ilocton Kaj Exuye
Bapaap, Erejceka Makegounja. OcHOBHa rpuka LIKOJa yuen BO cBOeTO
MeCTO, HHKa FHMHa3Hja BO Coduja, Bearpag u Wla6au. Bo Bearpan
saBpiuna uv Tlemaroumka wkova, Bo 1895 roguua. Moroa roj ou Ha
cTyiuu Bo Pycuja, Kaze mito 1902 qunsomMUupa To COBeHCKa (uJOO-
ruja Ha [IlerporpayckuoT yHuBep3HtTeT. OTKaKo ce BpaTusa McTaTa
rojuHa BO Makegouuja, Toj OuAyBa KpaTKO BpeMe npodecop Bo Bn-
Tosa, HO M0 yOHCTBOTO Ha pycKHoT KoH3ya A. A. PocTkKoBcku, Hero
JMu4eH Tpujarem, ja Hanylira Burowa u noBpTopHo og Bo [letporpad.
Tyka Mucupkop Bo cenTtemBpu u oxTomBpu 1903 roaquHa o”pxyBa,
pe MaKeJOHCKH CTYMeHTH OpraHH3HpaHH BO MakefloHCKO Hay4Ho-
“MTepapHo Apyrapcrso ,,CB. Kaumeut, TpH mpeaBalba WTO moTOAa,
3acHHO CO se Ape HOBK CTaTHH, ce oOjaBcHH BO KHHraTa ,,3a Make-

Wh HILK wTra 60T Tat maryna wn Cam 11a WONT meauvatTrean CTO W949 Raa
AOH <H ic pa U . iv) aTyBa DU COMH ja mupaAn HOeWVaALOCmelv na pad

KHMra KOja H3auiese pH KpajoT Ha 1903 roguHa. Mefrytoa, camo Mas
6poj ersemmuiapH MOxellle Ja ompe MO jaBHocTa, 3alliTO HHTepBeHupaa
BeJIHKOOYrapcKHTe KOMHUTeTH, Ta KHuraTa BO norovem Wen Oeme yHH-
WiTeHa BO MeyaTHHWata. Taka ce cMpeyu, OBa AeuO Na H3BplUM MOLWH-
POKO BJIMjaHHe BO Make/JJOHCKHOT HapoOd KOj CO Hero MOxelWe Ma ce
3amo3Hae JYpH MO CBOeTO* ocO60yBatbe. MucupkoB BeHalll 10 OBa
MOpalue 2a ja HanyuiTa Coduja. To] paOoTw Kako Mpodecop Bo pycku
ruMuHa3un. Bo 1905 ronusa u3qaBa Bo Ogeca BeCHHK Ha MaKeJOHCKil
ja3uk ,,Bapgap“. Ilo [Ippata cBercka BojHa ce ycTaHoBysBa Bo Byra-
plja, Kafe WITO H yMupa, KaKO jHpeKTOp Ha THMHa3ujata BO KorpHB-
uTuia, Ha 26 jyHu 1926 ronuHa.

Compxkhuata Ha KHWrata of MucupKosa ,,3a MaKkeJOHIKHTe pa-
6oTu“ e opaa: |. [Ipegroop;? 2. Uluo nanpaudme u miuo TpeouT ma
mpaume! 3a ofHanlpey (mpeqaBate OApxKaHO Ha 21 centemBpn 1903);

1 {penrospop; Lito’ nanpapusme Hu WTO TpeOa a pa uMe.

po
peat

nenaBawe onnmaHo Ha 28 cenTeMB
sapeAMaduaip Vip ae giv 110% ay Ve avi as
i3M: i id

a

Aare TK x vrs
lal

ca
* gantiaiTTeno?s
3€M jHuIiGeTO

<<

cTayasia,* cocrayaT H MoxuT mH Makejonnja fa coctayat oT cede
ofmeWHa eTHorpadiuka W nomuTMUKa emununa; 6. Hexomky 360pou® 3
MaKeROHUKHJOT JIMTepaTypeH ja3sHk.

Mucupkos, 3Hauv, PH MOCTaBH OCHOBHHTe npallama Ha MaKejJOH-
CKHOT HallHMOHaJICH Pa3BUTOK, CTpeMejKH Ce a TH OCBeTJIH KaKO BO"
HCTOPHCKH MJlaH, Taka WH BO MOrnes Ha HAYHHOT MO KOj TpeOa THe Mpa-

oe

TQ TIN HTHUKa CUTVAe
a ad

Wawa mwa ce TINE aBVBaatT WwW nelmlaBpaat RA TT Tau L
pada rm pe aa a alive Paha Vrai ya

Wlara fa ce mocTapy I aBaaT BO Hane
uuja. MucwpKoB He Gellle NpHBpxeHUK Ha peBOTYUMOHeEpHaTa akwnja,
3alTO CMeTalllie eKa Halpe/OKOT H WeNOKyNHOCTa Ha MAKe€QOHCKHOT
Hapod MOxe ja Ce OOesOeNH CO 3aBeyBalbe pecbopmu BO Typiuja, Kou
TOKMY BO TOa BpeMe, KOj 3Hae MO KOj Mat, rH BeTyBallle eBpolcKatTa
unsomatuja. Ce pa36upa meka BO Toa Ce siamKeilie. Ho Toj Seliie BO
mpaBo KOra Oapallie noOApeweHO HcTaKHyBarhe Ha HallHOHaJIeH IIpo-
rpaM Of cTpaHa Ha MaKeMOHCKOTO ABMKerbe. ,,CaMo OffeN’HOTO MaKe-
JOHUKO HalHOHaHO CaMoco3HaajH’e® Kaj HaC HM JaBaT’ MOpaJHO mpao
— BejlH TO} — Ra ce Gopume npoTuB GapajH’eTo® Ha MasHTe 6amkanukH
Apxau,? fa ce pa3qemut?® Halllata TaTKOWHa, H a ce 6opHmMe mpoTHB
pomaraH ute, WYO TOTBaT NOYBAa 3a ese". Bo OBOj CKJION eMHO OL
HajBaxKHuTe Mecta Mucupkos my ro Of feJslyBa Ha MpalilarbeTo 3a Make-
AOHCKHOT JHTepatypeH ja3HK. Toj ja nuurysa cBOjata KHMra Ha WeH-
TpawHOTO Hapeuje, Koe — KaKO LITO. Be BO TpesropopoT — 3a Hero
,OT Cera Ha TaMO uMaT!! na OUAMT MHTepaTypeH MaKeMOHUKH ja3Hk™.
Ha mpatiamero 3a muTepaTypHuoT ja3sHK MucupKoB my mocBeTysa,
KaKO ITO rope MpHBeOBMe, WH ChelujaqHa CTaTuja now Hacnos ,,He-
KOJIKY 300pOH 34 MAKeOHIKHjOT MiTepaTypeH ja3HK", BO KOja Hajmor-
NOHO H HajcecTpaHo oTorall Selle paspaOoTeHo Toa Mpalilate.

Bo usrpagqOaTa Ha MakeZOHCKHOT JMTepaTypeH jasuk MucupKop

9
a

rieqatie HajmoOap maT fa ce OTKUHe BeKe eHalll MaKeNOHCKMOT Hapoy
OR pallete Ha OamkKaHCKHTe XefeMOHHCTHYKU KJIMKH WITO ce cTpemea
Ha TO pa3equHaT, pasfzesaT u nopodar: ,,CosqaajH’eto!*? smTepatypeH
ja3HK jeT’’ yOBHa moTpeOHOCT Kaj Hac, CO KOja ce MUCNIUT a ce

2 Uma

3 3eMjMUITE... HM@.. pa3Buja

4 CocraBypajla, COCTaByBa WH MO‘*e.., Ma cocTapysa on ce6e

5 360poBu

6 CAMOCO3HAaBalbe, CAMOCO3HAeme

7 napa.. mpase

8 OapameTo

9 Tp kKaBu

10 paseiu,.. TAaTKOBMHA

11 Uma

12 Co3apatbeTo

13 e yXOBHa

122

Kant! Kpaj Ha 3ul0ymoTpeOuTe Ha MponaraHAHTe cO HaillMTe HHTe-
pecu...‘© Ccbakajku ro TaKa roJieMOTO NOAHTHYKO 3Hau4erme Ha Odop-
MYBalbeTO MaKeJLOHCKH JHTepaTypeH ja3HK, BO KOj OAHOC — KaKO WTO
M CAMHOT HCTaKHyBallie — G6ellie NpOAOMKyBaY Ha CHO Meso 3allo4-
HaTO Of NopaHo, Mucupkop allelupallie KOH CBOHTe COHApOAHHUM fa
ro JbyOaT H OpanaT MajyuHHuoT jasHK: ,.Musocta KOH HapogHujo’? jasuk
— muurysa Toj — jer Hall Jomr u Hauie npao. Huje cme AouwKHU Wa
MuJIyaMe?® HalIMjOT ja3HK, 3allluo TOj jeT Halll, HCTO Taka, KaO UNO HH
jeT Hauia TaTKoHHaTa Hu“. MucupKoB Jafe OTroBop Ha OCHOBHOTO
mpaliaiwe — Bp3 KO] MaKeJOHCKM HapoOfeH TroBop Tpeba Ma ce usrpaya
JUTepaTypHuoT ja3suK. Cnopem Hero Toa TpeOalie 2a Oude WenTpaJ-
HOTO MaKeJOHCKO Hapeuje, KakO TaKBO WTO MOxe fla BHeCe BO CTPyK-
TypatTa Ha JMTepaTypHHOT ja3HK HajMHOry THMHYHO MaKeJOHCKH WpTu
HM BO HCTOTO BpeMe fa: Oufe cHOHA Mery OCTaHaTHTe MaKeJOHCKH
ropopu. Bo ofHOc Ha BTOPOTO Mpaliame — 3a MaKeJOHCKaTa OPTO-
rpaduja, TOoj ce 3acTamyBallie Ma Ce MpHMeHH *OHETCKHOT NPHHWLUN, co
HU3BeCHH ,,MaJH OTCTaNKH Ha eTHMONOrHjata‘’. Bo OHTHOTO TO} Ce BO-
feule Of mpuMepot Ha BykoBatTa mpaBomucna pedpopma. HataMouiHHoT
pa3sBUTOK Ha MaKeMOHCKHOT JIMTepaTypeH ja3HK ru onpaBda norsequte
Ha MucupkosBa m0 O6eTe CHOMeHAaTH Opallialha — 3a HapOfHaTa OCHOBa
Ha JIMTepaTypHHOT ja3HK MH 3a HeroBaTa oprTorpaduja.

12. SAKJIYYOK

JluTtepaTypHaTa akTHBHOCT BO Makejonuja upes 19 Bek Oeme
orpaHHuena. IlonHaky He Moelle HH a Ouse, Kora Ke ce HMa mpes-
BH], BO KaKBH YCJIOBH KMBeelIe TOrall MaKeAOHCKHOT Hapon.

Cemak pe3yiiTaTute WITO Taa aKTHBHOCT FH WOHeCe Ce MHOTYy 3Ha-
yajHH BO KYyJITypHaTa uCcTOpHja Ha MaKkefOHCKHOT Hapog. Toraul no
MpB WaT ce HampaBu oO“ Wa ce co3fawe eMHa MakeOHCKa WMTepatypa
HITS, OCMO6OMeHa OA paMKHTe Ha MOpaHelliHaTa WpKOBHAa JinTeparypa,
Ke OfTroBapa Ha HOBHTe XKHBOTHH NOTpeOv, YMeTHHYKH Ke ru OOmHKyBAa
CTpeMexKUTe HW HaCTpOeHHjaTa WTO TO ABHKaT MaKeAOHCKHOT YOBeEK BO
oBa Bpeme. Ilo Toj maT, Bo noe3sujata Ha K. Munayunos, P. )Kwu3ucos
u I’. pamues, ce cturHa 4 0 H3BECHH YMeTHHYKH OCTBapyBalba.

OngemtHO Tpe6a Wa ce HcTaKHe BaxKHOCTa Ha OHaa pa6oTa, ITO ce

S
NANADWUN ATTA BO nny ama rs AOrTTaA mr. RATITTO Mrmr TIATYA at Tr.
BTOPaTa MOJO @ Hd

Pa3sBuBailie B BHlid Ha MHHaTHOT BCK, 34 fipHOWpatb
MaKeMOHCKH HapOwHH ymMoTBopOu. Hapognata noe3vja M3BpUIM BJINja-
HWe€ IPH CO3jaBalbeTO Ha MaKeJOHCKaTa YMeTHH4KA Noeskja Tora;
OBa Hej3HHO BJIMjaHve Ke Oujle yliTe NOH3pa3HTO MOMOWnHAa ~—— Kora ce
3apOyBa COBPpeMeHaTa MakKeJOHCKa Mo0e3Hja.

14 - Mucnu TA ro ornran a
ce MHCIN Ta Cé Kale
15 HapONHUOT
‘6 MUJIyBaMe (= CaKkaMe, JbyOuMe)

123

Cekako WeKa HajBaxKeH pe3yJITaT Ha MHTepaTypHHOT, HH NOTOUHO
peyeno Ha WeJIOKYMHHOT HaluoOnaHO-KYyJITypeH pa3BuToK BO Maxejo-
Huja BO 19 BeK — Oellle NOCTaByBameTO Ha AHeBeH pe MpalliatbeTo
3a M@aKe€QOHCKHOT JIMTepatTypeH ja3uK. Bo Toa ce myrauie Hu ce Oapalle,
HO CBeCTa fleKa Ha MAKe@QOHCKH ja3HK NMOCTOjaT YMeTHHUKH TBOPOH,
eka, 3HauH, Ha Hero MOXKe fa ce CO3faBa MuTepaTypa — Taa cBeCcT
Gelle TyKa. BuqOBMe Kako Ce OABUBallle ja3HuHOTO Mpaliaibe crpemejKu
ce KQH OHaa KpajHa Wel: a ce cosfame moceGeH MAKE MOHCKH JIMTepa-
TypeH ja3HK, KaKO H3pa3 Ha HHAMBUAyasHocTa Ha MaKeOHCKaTa Ha-
WHja, YH] Mpouec Ha PopMupatbe — H MoKpaj cuTe NpeykH — ozelile
Hanpey. Taa wel ce OCTBapH Hajiocuie BO HalliM MHH, KOra MaKeJOH-
CKHOT HapO NOCTHrHa cBOja HallHoHamHa cuObo0Ra.

j—
i)
>

[JJIEHYE, Kepka na TPAJKO un BEJIMKA, ro caka BOLUKO, cun Ha cupoma-
Wkata BaoBrYna EBPA. Hea ja caxa JIOCE, cun Ha uop6ayujata CTOJKO. JIOHKA
e€ cayrHika Ha TpajKo.

JlejctBoto ce onvrpysa Bo KyMalono BO NOYeTOKOT Ha TRaeceTTHOT BeK.]

BTOPH YHH

Tocruncka co6a Bo allu-Tpaixopara KyKka. (...)

BEJIMKA (saeryza); Ito, cu oruge OHOj YOBeK?

TPAJKO: Cu orvje, ma wito?

BEJIMKA: Enno kacbe fa My cBapeBMe.

TPAJKO: A, my cBapus jac Kade, ma peyam, came Kade. (Muuysa
Bo tedrepot.) Ha Mutpera Toxun yuire vepek aupa muxpa. Ete my ro
Katbero, Heka my e Ha 3ypaBje! (fo cxnonysa tebrepor u ro 3aknyyyBa BO
xonanor.) BS cera fla BHMMe UIro HMalll 2a MM Ka Kell?

penuy eee aes
BEJIMKA: Ila, HCLUTO 34 JleHue.

. TPAJKO: 3a Jlenue?

MYMPCA pene 6p30, 3anysana): Y, era Hora cKpuimuia, Ke BH Fo

CKPUlaM pa3rOoBOpo"

pea: Ee ne pco, ceZHH.

& -
MIP Wa CATIA TYNEY
£ CA: BA paburst 1 m

CH a6opysare.

ue JKO: Jlemek, Toa cakal fla 3Haeml, Cejun, ma Ke uyelll.
MYUPCA fae neers He ava RoOWwsa na OMUITTON MUIZUT FA 2Ronvy-
iwWwsr (ceqnyBa): ric LYM yal Z Uulyiludm, Lynhy Wa GUYpy

Bam. Yimam uHeuTo 3a Jlenue...
TPAJKO: WU tu 3a Jlenue?
MVUIPCA: Jlemek 4 Bue 3a Hea CTe 360pysase?

mory «A Yr

TPAJKO: Camo wo mounyBa oBaa.
MMPCA: E, ako cu nouHana, HeKa CH HaCTaBH.

BEJIMKA: He... jac CaKaB OHaka..

bo
an

MMPCA: A, onaka! Hacamo. Axo, axo! AmMa Toa He e npaBuua!
Tu cé KpHelll O2 MeHe, KaKO a CYM HeKoja Tyfa.

BEJIMKA: Jac He Kpyjam...

MMPCA: Mosuu, monuu! Yuire umaut ycta a ce 6paunum! He
KPHelll, TYKY He KaxKyBall.

TPAJKO: E, na u ako Kpne, ne! Cé mu Te6e a TH ce Kaxe?

MMUPCA: Taxa! HW tu ja Opanum! WU tu nejsuHata cTpava ja Jp-
mull. Taka, ApxH Ce 3a nosaTa of #wKenata. A cecrpata? Koj T™ ja
Oakapu Mak Hea? Ta, mTo weka cymM Tu cectpa? UlTo neKka cme, WTO
ce BeJIH, Ha @MeH CKYT pacTeyie H CHO MvieKO IMILase?

TPAJKO: Ama uiTo dpwiaul TomKy KpyHH 300poBH 3a HMLITO?

MMUPCA: 3a HumIto? 3a HMUITO He Me CylaraTe H He Me Mpaly-
BaTe — TOa OuJ0 HHWITO! Kako a CyM HeKOja cOKauKa WIM He 3HaM
KakBa. He Bu e cpam, Ja ce 3acpamute!

BEJIMKA: Jlene, Mupco, Hemojre Taka!

TPAJKO: Ama cu OUlia mM TH OBE 2a ce Kapalll, 2a peyam?

MMUPCA: Tu KaxaB jac 30ITO CyYM Ola; HMaM Ja 300pyBaM
3a JleHue.

TPAJKO: E, ajme Kaku.

MUPCA: Jia Tu KaxkaM, Wa TH KawKkaM, Opate CulaqoK, TyKy MH e
Ka He Ke Te u3panysam. E, KoMKy MM MafHa MaKa Kora MH Kaxwkaa
mMeHe. JlypH He mu ce BepyBalme... OW Hea Ma H3Jle3e TaKBO HellITO,
Om Halmeto JleHue.

TPAJKO: Ama wltTo e Toa, wro? Kaku efHaul, 2ocTa ro 3aBHI-
KyBa.

MMVPCA: Ce caka, uMa jby6oBHuk!

TPAJKO: LUlro? (Ws6ysuysa): Ce caka? Co Koro? Koj e Toj?

MUPCA: E, Kxoj! Mu e cpam vypu ga TH Kaxam!

TPAJKO: Kau ro, Koj e?

MUPCA: Hukoj u numto! bomKxo Espun!

TPAJKO: UWro! Toj mypjax! Co wero Taa... aywcka Kepxa!...
(Ha Benvxa): Buctuna jm e Toa?

RE MUKA: BuctuHa yK HAMA OUNITIITH JIOWUIOC. . Taa ew WnAAa

AYU AL ALN Ls THHa ve an AAW ivaCe FAFA ay aybiy aa fi fFilvia
CcaMO Mepak Ha HefPo, ee oe PO CUMETOT .. a He HEIITO OHaKa .

TPAJKO: Kako: Baka, paral

MMPCA: Besumi camo Mepak BO cpuieTo... AMa Mepakot, UITO

ce BeJIM, Ce H3eBa OJ cple B JIHue. Ce rena Toa. Ce ucunmmopusa
KaKO HeKOja KOKOHa OJ Oew cBeT. Ja ruieqaM Ha Opo; Kora He e TOj 0
Hea, OJBaj rH Mpa HOseTe, a AOjAe 1H TOj, ce atu WM MO Hea, Ke ce
pasurpa KaKO HeKOja 4eHrHja, urpa, WITO Ce Be, Hrpa, urpa, Ha 3eMja
He ra3u. Ilocue, TouIKy maTH ja BUZesIe co Hero Ha MeceuHHa.

TPAJKO: Taxa! A, gajte mu ja Bamo! (Ha Benuxa): JoBequ mu ja
BeHal!

BEJIMKA: Hemoj, Tpajxo, Hemoj taxa!

126

MMPCA: Octasu ja cera, Opate. Co Aoulo, nomowo Ke Ouge. Te-
taj ja KyuKaTa KOJIKy cakalll, WTO Ce Be, Taa mak Ke nojme Ha

KaCanHilla fa Apline Wnrep. Ako CaKalll fla He OAH, HapaHu ja.
TPAJKO: He te pa36upam.

AATADC A. Ts a ESOS arity
MYrIrUAL KE Me pas0epelll. Ceti

cTdacaJia .

egaaT camo royqusu. Ilo Hekoe Jy
Jlenue, cTacano mpea Bpeme. Satoa Tpe6a co

y3pepa. Taka HW HaweTo pem
Bpeme fa ro Maxkume. Li7o ce Bean 360po7, ,,.Bp3aHa KO3Hiia, MupHa
ropuna”™.

TPAJKO: Ila jac we cyM MuCuIM 3a MarKerbe

MVPCA: E, Tw we cH. MucuiMn, aMa Taa... HW aKxo ja ocTaBuu
Taka, Ke ja 3emMe fFaponot, WITO ce BesM, Ke MyKHe Tulac, Ma nocme He
Ke MOKeW a ja omaxkuuI... SaToa rmegaj cera BeaHaw. Tokmy uma

y
efeH apeH KacmeT: YopG6ayu Crojko nywitan 360p eka ja caka 3a
Jloceta.

TPAJKO: Uopbaiyn Crojxo?

BEJIMKA: 3a Jloceta?

TPAJKO: Buctuna, yop6auu Crojxo e om HajOoraTuTe ayre BO
rpanor.

BEJIMKA: Ama cu my e og HajOynanute.

MHPCA: Mase e Oy aanuika, aMa Mak e NOapeH OF OHO] Hypjak.

BEJIMKA: Sourro noapex?

MUMPCA: Sautto e no6orat. Saito e of KyKa, 02 dbamuvnja.

BEJIMKA: {lak onoj Bouko ¢ noapen.

MMPCA: JJa He cakalt 3a Hero ma ja RagemMe? Bo Kakpa kykKa
aa ja myuitume? Bo nicBua. Co Koro fa ce 3acBaTHMe? Co Espa map-
TaiKaTa. Jac noapHo Of Bac 64 ce OApOANNa, OTKONKY co Hea fa ce
3acBaTam!

TPAJKO: OcraBnte toa ulTto He OuBa. Jia BURHMe co YopOballH

MHPCA: Moxe Renna ma Oufe pabotata. Cé mo Te6e cTon.

Ako cakall...
TPAJKO: Ama, jac, 4 cakKam u HejkKam... He 3Ham HH CaM.
MMPCA: Tpe6a Wa sHaeul. Saito MoxKe nocvie TH Wa Cakall, TO

Oj
a Hejke. AKO 4ye WTO ce 360pyBa 3a JieHye... A cera Tpe6a camo
€eH 360p fa ce Karke. da OHaM BeHailir (aan perHaTo ueka OfroBop.)
TPAJKO (no nonro aRoymeme): Ogu!
BEJIHKA: Jlene, Tpajxo!
MMUPCA: Taka te cakaM, Opaty-y-y! (Bpro u3nerypa, Tornemuypaiku
a Benuxa no6ennuuky.)

WAS

BEJIMKA: Jlene, Tpajxko, WTO € OBd WiTO mpaByuu!

wer m

TPAJKO: Jac uito mpapam! A faa, Kepka TH?
BEJIMKA: Ta taa, kaxo cekoja WeBojkKa.

A AAaANL aS Brey wVUMmY

pat
i)
w~J

TPAJKO: He, He cmee Ttaa ga OMe Kako ceKkoja. Taa e alivicka

ale pe ees

BE NMKA: AnncKa TT es T11uT

ewa nReBoika RN TID TOAMHBY we
fu TAMYIUNA, ane etare AbD jira DU £xkere fuser Nw

eae Kakos Ha @, 3a a cH e Apert hnewH cH To Keuacaee
A oxoj Jloce, Hejke HH fla To BUM.

TPAJKO: Axo. Konuuna ce 3eme Taka... Ma mak CH KMBeAaT.
A MepaKoT He MOxXe Ja BUpee BO He€MaLITHHaTa KaKO WBeKe BO Mpa3.
Kora ke HeMa HH Mey HH Jle6, Ke TO CHEMa MepaKOT YLITe BO Me€eCHHOT
Mecell.

BEJIMKA: Ama tToj uu Hue e cmpotu nea. VI He sm ja uy cecrpa
TH, CaMa BeIM eKa e Oyaaa.

TPAJKO: E, ako 6u0 Manue TeBeKemuja, Ta... Ila rocnoy, ma
peyam, He ZaBa “Be 2oOpa Ha eHO MecTo: eM Mapu, em namet. Tamo
MaJIKy CKYCH O2 "aMeT, aMa mapH MHory maw. Muory.

BEJIMKA: He tpe6a camo napu ga raeqaul. Sa Hamero Jienye
TpeOa MoM4ue OHAKA... yOaBO, MJlaqo.

TPAJKO: Maagocta 4 y6aBuHaTa ce, Ra pedam, 3a Bpeme. Ere,
u TH Oewe Hekora Maga, yOaBa. A cera? Iformemaj ce qa ce BUAMUI
KaKBa CH.

BEJIMVKA: Apxo, apHo. A ce rena Tu?

TPAJKO: Ia... u jac cym ocTapea masue...

BEJIMKA: Ocrasu toa, Tpajko. Tyky 4a Tpyam no Mupca, va ce
BparTu.

TPAJKO: He. Toa e . Ajme Kaku Ha Kepke
wTo e peg. Jac Ke ce BpaTaM BeHALI., (Otuzysa.)

JIEHYE (anerysa): Majxo!

BEJIMKA: Od, Kepxo!
JIEHME: He. Me naBé?

+h

aD:
O°
to
oS
BE
oO
mn
O

ic

TH, KAKO

Hdba... Od JPY... Sa OHO] ZLOCEe.
ae ont ja o6anpaar): Jiene! Sa nero! Sa 10| 2... He! He
jaBaj Me, Majko! Oyu, MajKo, 300pyBaj my!

BEJIUKA: My 300PYBaB.

aia ff lls

JIEHUE: Onn mak! ‘Taenaj KaKO 3Haelll, 3aTHa Majko! Bpry aypu
He Hu3qerow! ;

BEJIMKA: Od, jac cupota! (Usnerysa.)

JIEHYE: Od sene, mene! (Cuno nuname ro 3anyutyspa raacor. Ja

BoBMpa riapata BO NepRMua Ha MH epor.)

JIOHKA (snerysa): Jlenye!

JIEHUE: Jonke, cecTpo, a 3Haeili WiTO Me Hajze!

JIOHKA: 3uam, cectpo! (Ja mperpuyea.) Jlenue npoctu mu, Jlen-
vee}

NMEHUE: Bomto? (...)

Westie

128

JIOHKA: Jac ro siaxKeB OHO] myufua Jloce... Toj cekoja Beyep
MH JlaBallle MO HeuITO 3a jawerbe: wWeKepunipa, neomeouH, cyBo rpo-
gje... 3a TeGe.

BHUOUEF.- T RIF Mrmy7 AORTA map

vbasil Abs. xi 4keb UFL OW adic.

JIOHKA: Sema, pakaTa a MM Ce HCY, H fo JaxKeB eka TH
IpHMall, a CaMa cé jaqeB, ala Ma Me u3ene TpormaBa! (...)

JIEHUE: Jlene, Jlonxe, JLouke!

A ty A eo ke in ee aoe a = rs ane eae aa

JIOHKA: Od, diese, WiTO CyM TH HanpaBusa! Kopu me, cecTpo,
Kapaj Me, MHOry CyM TH 3Prpellivwa. (Tlmaye cyano.)

JIEHYE: He cu 3naena, Jlonke, we cu cakana! Moun, cectpo,
He maaun! (Ja 6auysa.) .

Ny riers

JIOHKA: JleHue, cecTpo, KouIKy cu apuHa!
JIEHUE: Od, ouxe, 3ouiro mH e 2uBOTOT! Ke ce yOujam, JLonxe!
Coma ke ucnujam.

HOHKA: vo MHOTY, cectpo!
JIEHUE: Ke punyam on 62a mkoH!

DHNHaM Of OamKo!

JIOHKA: BHCOKO eé.

JIEHYE: Ke punuam B See

JIOHKA: Jina6oxo ce... Jac a CyM Ha TBOe MeCTO, HellTO Apyro
Ou HanmpaBuua.

JIEHUE: UltoP

JIOHKA: Bu noG6ernaaa!

JIEHYE: Mucsmu toa e momecHo?

JIOHKA: Camo ako’ cakalll, H TO] ako caka.

JIEHUE: Toj... A TaTKo, MajKa?

JIOHKA: Octasu ru Hus. Pa3mucau 3a Toa, Jlenye. Pa3mucau
y6aBo, cectpo. Ke te octapam. Hacamo moapHo ce MuCJIH. (Vsmerysa.)

JIEHYE: Jla Oeram! Beranma!... [a nopyram vw TaTKOo H MajkKa.
Jiese, WTO a mpaBaM? (Tinaue.) (...)
[Majxa my Ha Bourko fojme wa ja nodapa Jlenue.]
TPAJKO: Touky, He tTpe6a moBeke 300pyBambe!
EBPA: He mytu ce, alluja, co cuaa yOaBuua He 6uayBa. AKO cyM
MpOsO0pyBaJia, HHUWTO JOWIO He CyM CcTOpHua.
BEJIMKA: Taka e, Espo, uMall mpaso.
TPAJKO: Pexosme ceKoj HMa MpaBo 4a mMouyKa Ha MeBO}KHI
; liaK 4GOBeK Tpe6a Ma Pi Kane jaan
H qTpeOaitle a MouyKaiul Ha NOAA Baia
EBPA (cTaHyBa, ce HcCMpaByBa, CNOKOjHO M JOCTOHMHCTBeHO, CO TOH Ha COBe-
TyBawe): E. ayuja, ceKakKO Me: OM BHCOKO YOBeK Mowe Ma culeze Ha-
HoWy, a o3f0ula Mowe Ja ce ucKaun. BekoB e€ KaKO TPKaJIO, He CTOH Ha
emHo mecTo. IIpomraBajtTe, cemeTe co 3Apasje. (Cu otuaysa.)
BEJIVUKA (ucmp aka jku ja mo Bnatata): Co 3/IpaBie, cecTpo, mpouta-

4

Daj W TH.

TPAJKO: Hlypjaun 6e3 cpam u 6e3 o6pa3! Tue ma ja NOOe ee
kepka mu! ILITo 3naena Taa, NapTadkata! Tpkaso, uckauyBatbe... Cuy
it Hej3HH Ke ce uckauen. Ke ce Kaun TO] — Ha ecumka!

—
INQ
©

9 Macedonian grammar

BE MUKA. ida ah

Diced L¥iLi\s.i-e Jlesge, Tpaj ajKo, ii T 0 300)
TPAJKO: Taka noMuHyBaaT TakKBH — jaJIM B alcaHa, jas cyp-
ryH, jad Ke (atu NycTuHa B MWaHuHa.

BEJIMKA: Jleteto He e off Tue... Cu ja raena Dee
TPAJKO: A! Tue now enHa nasota KpUuiat opovra. He 6uau Kako

2hvayrws a aa pavuvla & rijat rst a. asian

TR arr!
ny, Dail.

Nas orJie rwetxy mows ~-eyy fphanenr o6UYyaYWs

KOPda KOKOIIKa. Ioruie naj ro TH CaMO KaKO TO HOCH M€COT, KaKOB MY
€ ONOT, MOrie OT. VU octasH cé Apyro, CaMO OBa LITO CmMee Ja ja no-

Gapa Kepka mu! A u Taa, Kyaka... WM Tu, Kako MajkKa, a OTBOpHIt
OH, La pa3MHCAMI, Ja moKapall, ma noyumm! Takpu Kyxa He OTBO-

paat, TyKy 3aTBopaaT, Een eH Ke fOje ona: ,,Ce Maxkusia MOMa, 7a
He cea oma“.

BEJIAKA (ocayutysa 4 raega Hagpop): Jleme, ene Tro yopOallH
Cro 0jKo!

‘TPAJKO: A, uze

6opaBu!

CTOJKO (snerysa, ce paxysa): Llomos3u Gor!

BEJIMKA: lan 6or no6po... Tope...

TPAJKO: Hlo6po mu gojae, uop6ayu Crojko! Byjpym, ceaHu oBze
mo MeHe. A taka!

CTOJKO: [Ia kako cTe MH BHe?

BEJIMKA: Ila, cnomaj Ha rocnoga, apHo. A Bue?

CTOJKO: Cnonaj Ha 60ra, w HHe cme apHo. Kako Mu NoMHHYyBalll
TH, allwja?

TPAJKO: Ila co munocta 6oxja apHo, yop6ayu CrojKo. Ere, cu
rH 6pojaM Be3qeH, Ma peyaM, OpojaHHWuTe WH MeHOBHTE.

CTOJKO: E, yuire muory Ke ru 6poull, ullasa, yuITe MHOTY.

TPAJKO: A, mpukpaj ce Beke, Komaj Ha npukpajKa. Tyky yuiTe
KepKka MH fla ja yOMaM, Ila aKO CakaaT, Re/[Halll HeKa Ce MpeKHHAT.

CTOJKO: A, He, aynja. Kepka Ke yomuul, Na BHyye Ke 4eKalu,
ma pyro Ke foueKalll, ma Tpeko, HWasa. Taka e, BesuKe?

BEJIMKA: [la toa e Bo Gor ja paka, a Trocnog, cnoslaj My, He

MNpautyBa HH KOFa flaBa, HH KOYa 3eMa.

(Jlewue BaeryBa momeka co NOCTyKaBHUK.)

CTOJKO: Taka e. IIpaBo uma Besmxa.

TPAJKO: Pafatbeto u rane oro e BO Goxja paka. Ama 3a cé
pyro Tpe6a TaTKoTO ga rnega. Ha npBo mecTo 3a BeHYate, 3alliTo
YOReK €fiHaili ce para, efiiaili YMupd, hw eal Tpe6a Ha ce BeHYd.

CTOJKO: Taxa e. .

JIEHYE (ro nocayxysa co cnmaTKo, mppo Crojka ma Tpajxa) Tlopean.

BEJIUKA: Jlo6po cu MOWwIOs uop6ay Croiko.

I oe ae, | > gies
CTOJKO (semaju na ce nocayxu): [a cH Ma 2kupa! Aj mo6po cym
Halou. (Sema cnaTKO H mHe BOs.)
CHUTE: Ha 3npasje!

CTOJKO: 3apapje na umare!

(Jlenue u3nerysBa.)

io
ww
eS

eres Er

CLOJKO: EB: WTO HMaTe KepKa, rocnok Ha Bu ja T102KHBU!

BEJIVKA: Amun! WM te6e 2a TH @€ KB CHH TH.
TDAIKN: AMa womry umMmain cu yop6aln CroiKo! Mupeu KpOTOK

rPAJKO HM TH UMal CHA, Oa UTOJK
ce ruieqha MeKa e yopOallucKH CHH, OJ MOMAaKHHCKa KyKa. e e, Aa
peuaM, Kako OHHe nypjauKu 3aaHrypu.

CTOJKO: 3ourto ro yuaM Be3eH Tloce cuuKo. AKo noi

an Wess d ane fern

110 KPHB [1aT, BO MOja KyKa MecTO 3a TeOe Ke Hema. Jac cé 3a Te6e

ce MauaM, a Te HampaBam uoBek. Jian rocnoX uMot, uMotT. Cé Toa
Te6e Ke TH OCTaHe, TBOe Ke Oune.

ew Aiavy, sD

TPAJKO: Taka, yoBeK, Za peuaM, BO rpoOoT He MOE fa MOHECE.
Cekoj TaTKO 3a cBOjaTa 4venagq padoTH Hw xHBee. A Kora Ke ympe
yOBeK, [lea a HM OCTaBH NoapeH XKHBOT,

CTOJKO: Taka e, anja. He 300pyBalll, TyKy BaHresuja moe.
E, ere WTO TH YHHH 4YOBeK ie fa OMe HM BO CBOjatTa KyKa Ja
WOueKyBa BuawKa!

TPAJKO (co moxnon uw co paka Ha rpaguT la my ja uMame Mo-
JMTBata!

BEJIMKA: Jla pugam Kadero... (Usanerysa.)

TPAJKO: TlocnatKo! Ila kako tu ofu pa6otata, Yopb6auu CrojKo?

CTOJKO: Tpeora e og 6ora fa ce nonmmauam, aliHja, apHo. Cera
se (aTaM fla CH HOCaM CTOKa HallpaBo of CovJlyu.

TPAJKO: A, taka Te cakaM, ye! Soulro a uM fu NOMI yeK-
MeUUmaTa Ha CKONCKHTe OouITaliMH?

CTOJKO: Ito penum, ayuja, uw Hue HMaMe YeKMelutIba.

TPAJKO: Benum, ctoka on Comyn. [nenam, 2ykaHoT Tu e MOJH:
He MOXeW a MOMHHel OA BpeKu HM CaHAalH.

CTOJKO: TecHo mu e.

TPAJKO: Tecuo.

CTOJKO: Komuiujata Moj, Cane, Ke tame (basIMMeHTO.

TPAJKO: Bpe?

CTOJKO: Muory e 3a6opyeu. A BaMo cyla6 e co Kalletau.

TPAJKO: Cua6.

CTD Ikon. Koa RAY OO anf

Ui: Ne MY Ce pacipolfaBa ce,
Ke ro ypHaM SHOT, H Taka Ke cH To palmmpaM MOjOT.
TPAJKO: E, y6aBo Ke Tu Ouse Taka.

(Beauka u Jlenue BaeryBaart.)

oo
a
NY
D

=

=a
A
“4

aa
>
D
dl
=
¥}
a
=
a
~
at
\.

CTOJKO: Ila wanposet, co 6ora Hampea, u KyKa HOBa Ke sHaaM.
Jlyfero ce yMHO&KyBaaT: CHH Ke BeHUaM, Ma BHyuHMmha Ke Ojmar..

TDA TIZM. EAM eA ere (aN cay ec gee int ee et Pein or ete ee es
TPAJKO: Mimaaa, uumaia! Co moMoKktTa CO MHJ0OCTa TOCHOAOBa,

ce Halpejiwia a TH ON, yop6aln CTojko. .
(JieHue mocayxyBa co Kade u u3meryBa, Benuka no Hea.)

CTOJKO: A tu, ayiuja, Kako TBOjata pa6ota? Tokmy Kako 3a
al U oe Tede apHO, M Ha JlyreTO UM MpaBuW WoOpuua. A ce Buze

anuja
HeKOj Ha 30pT, Tpuaj Kaj alivjata.

jut
OW
—

g*

TPAJKO: Taka, Tyky Mak allujaTa, 4a peyamM, He uM UHHH. Cé uM
e€ MHOry jtuxBaTta. KomutalwuTe ru no_OyuHyBaar: , Fle jaBajte!“
UY MeHe MU MopauyBaar: OA TONKY U TOUKY WHXBa MoBeKe 2a He 3e-
Maw. A of wpyra cTpana: ,,Ke fanelll TOMKy HM TONKy 3a KOMUTE-
ror..." CaMoO 3a HMB fa paOoTu yorek! Mam ce uymamM Ha HeKOH OJ
waplwiujatTa WTO ofaT co HuB! Ilro He cH ja rmegaaT paoorara...

CTOJKO: Beat, 6aul 3a pa6orata walla, 3a TpropiluTe He YH-
HeJIO OBa... SHaell, HMa AypH u Typ WTO cakaaT fa ce NpOMeHH...
MlaOTYpuH.

TPAJKO: A, Maanorypuu... dykapH Hw allamuu, yuuse, HeRO-
yuHvle, Herge m0 Gen cperT. Jac ce ipsam co craporypunte... M apyo
MM OM padorata... Ila u 3a Toa Mu mopauaa... Yuite Masiky Ke
cbaraT 2a Mu nopesiaaT UITO a jaqaM MW KOJIKy 2a cnvjam. Tyky Heka
MM @ XKMB MeHe Expem-ara. Llapot HMa gosta paka.

CTOJKO: Ke my ja ckycese, BenaT. CysraHoT Hé MpomaBat wa
€BPONCKHTe Gakkapu wu KyMMmaHuH. Ke ne u3uanaatT Kako jarya cur-
HuTe PHO: He MoxemMe a U3ApAKuMe CO HUB KOHKypeHlwja. OcTaBi
ito MpomafaaT 3aHaeTYHH M MochaOM TproBuM, TYKy HM Myre CoO roveM
Kanetai... BanKata aBa Co Mawia JIMXBa, TYKy MpexKatTa if e WHpoKa,
Ta HaKpynHO jjopH. M kpynHo ce 3anueTKyBaaT Bo Hea. A Kaj Te6e
cé MOMaJKY WaT, HewH?

TPAJKO: Tlomauny. : -

CTOJKO: VW snouecaraam. [lopaHo ce 3Haeliie 3a CeKOrO Ha KOJIKY
cTOu, Oo Kora Ke crow. A cera, OfefHalll TYKY Ce CTPKaJiadl YOBeKOT
orourou... Ha Jtumxa Casjoscku cu My fad, cayuiaM, MHory mapu?

TPAJKO: Ila... muory... Tyky Toj e, Ha peyam, yao.

CTOJKO: Tao, TYKY Byleroul upBpenot... TO}. .

TPAJKO: Ila, u wa... oHamu... uma 10] KYKH, Maras. ..

CTOJKO: Mma u nusu u m03ja. TyKy cé Toa Ke Ougze MaJiky,
KOJIKy OOpYOBH HMa.

TPAJKO: Bpe? Ke umMa HelITo: OX HeKOe BpeMe MH ja 3a0aBa
JIMXBATA.

CTOJKO: Tnenaj Begqual, 1a He TH H3PrOpH MMXBaTa Coce riaBaTa.

TPAJKO: ApHo Wro Mu Kaxa, Yop6ayn Crojxo... He ce MauKy

napv... [omeMa JoOpuHa MH cropu!

CTOMTWOAY: > Tr 3a maAa jac arnurya
VWLUIINY. Ly, Ud s 1CUC jd, aiivijda...

MUPCA (snerysa 3anyBana): A, ROWOn yop6ayH CrojKo!
CTOJKO: E, Kage cu tu, Mupco?

MUPCA: [lpoutraBaj, sop6ayu CrojKo, Me BpaTH CHaliKka Epka
Save len 300p, lla ylltTe emen, la yuire GnrcHe

Aish Paes45 22G pi

CTOJKO: E, s60poBnTe TH Ce Kako penny, Ha eneH flecet Ke
ce Hadakaat.

MUPCA: A BHeE 6eCTKY 1 CBPWHBTe
. #4. byi y A J iv
CTOJKO: A, we. Jac Te uekam TeG6e.

pes
we)
to

MMUPCA: E, ma ako e 40 MeHe, BeAHall Ke ja CBpulMMe paOoTata.
Muory 360pyBamhe He Tpe6a. Tu, yop6ayH Crojko, HMalll CHH 3a

WrawratLa
ANOCNCIDE.

CTOJKO: Taka.
MMPCA: A, TH, 6pate, KepkKa 3a Maxkelbe.
TDA IKN: Tara

Ai FAdIAN\Y.- Aana.
MMUPCA: Kosky 3a ReBojKaTa, 44 He Tpe6a 360pyBalbe, MaHa CH
HeMa, Ila CO CTO O4H a ja ruegaw. A 4 Ha MOMUeTO He My TpeOa

tha Wehbe Karn ma ca nnnrawvy anun 29a TnaUrn
civi peer 4NGNyU AG VU PYAR VAY Va AR Y+ VU.

CTOJKO: Taxa. 3a Toa TowKy cu ce cakKaarT.

TPAJKO: Koj? .

CTOJKO: Ma moj Jloce co tBoetro Jlenue.

TPAJKO: Ce cakaarT?

MMPCA (my masa 3Haxk co Mumuxa): A-a, Ce Cakaat..

CTOJKQ: Cera, aluja, TBOoj 360p uexam. M tu, Bemuxe, wito Ke
KaxKell 3a apoB, 3a OM %KeHCKa CTpauHa...

BEJIMKA: Ia, ce 3Hae 3a Aapot, cnpoTH KyKaTa... 6oBYaally,
eHO, Apyro, Tpeko... cé. Kako uiTo mpwiera Ha alluCKa Kepka.

TPAJKO: HM cnpotu Bpamata kykKa.

MMIPCA: Taka. 3a MeHe eHH KOHAypH cTH*asieTH poraHvuH,
jaJM Of BHZeO, CO BHCOKH TONyWH, WITO cyM TpYama Tomy... Tyky
3a JapoBuTe mocuie 4a 360pyBaMe. Cera peyeTe aupuuja Heka e!

TPAJKO: Aupanja! !

CTOJKO: Aupsuja! JJa ce ucwemmBame! (Ce nperpyysa co Tpajxo,
ce paxyBa co BeauKa u co Mupca.) Heka HH e€ ¥eCTHTO, CBaKe!

BEJIMKA: Amun, cBare.

MMUPCA: UectuTo, cBate, BeKoBuTo!

TPAJKO (suxa) Jlenue, JIenue! Bpro pamo! Bpé, sop6ayn Crojxo,
4 Ha rocioga Ke My e€ MHJIO HauluTe Kyku Ja ce oponar!

* MMPCA: Taka. Hajqomakuuckata uw HajyopOaliucKaTa KyKa BO
rpagort!

_CTOJKO: E, miro ke HanpaBpume cBag6a! Ke ce uygu weno Ky-
MaHOBo!

(Jlenue BueryBa, omBaj ro KpHe OYajaHueTo.)

TPAJKO: Lesmpaj paka, KepKo, Ha CBeKOp TH.

CTOJKO: Jia cu Mu xuBa, KePKo. (A nonasa 31aTHUK. ) On mMeHe
Aap, Oo 6ora 3upaBje! A KacMeT BO MOjata KyKka Ke Hajell H KacMeT
Ke MH BHeCcelI BO KyKaTa. A cera NpoulraBajTe, Ma OfaM BelHall
OMa fa rH u3spanyBam. Aj cemeTe mu co apaBje! (Msnerysa.)

TPAJKO: Co 3ygpasje, cBat Crojxo!

BEJIMKA: Co 3ypasije...

_ MUPCA: 3ipaBo KMBO Ha CHTe WOMa, Ha cBaka [lena Ha...

s
(Cu Té ro vcnpakaar NipohowmMmyBajKu Aa TOBOpat.)
x

JIEHUE (xako octanysa cama, com3uTe 4 OMKHYyBaaT M ceta 3aipxKyBala
6onKa MpoBatyBa BO KOHByacuBeH naa): Od, aene!..

133

AIOHKA $ (4 npurpuysa): Jlenue, cectpo!

JIEHYE: JlonKe, Me cappuinja, Louxe!

JIOHKA: Ako Te cBpuinse, Ta He € cé CBpwieHO! (Iaena Hu3 mpo-
30peluloT, Bowejku ja u Hea Hatamo.) Exe ro Boo!

JIEHYE: Boumiko! (Hagpop seke nouname opo uv ce caywaart ,,TynaHunba“.)

JOHKA: Cute urpaat, Toj ce onmemua cam. IIpapo BaMo ryiema.

Bowe Kako e@ Haxkauseu!
WIOLITIC. UY HaJIVT alee .
Ji “nr: Wi HaJlyTeH! (Ce TprHyBa Of mpo3operorT.)

Cc
JOHKA: Tpe6a na ja pa3s6pan pa6otata. Ena, Jlenye, 2a BHAHUI

Kak Kanno rena
JIEHUE: He, Jlouke, ako ro mormeqamM moBeke, Ke punHaM oO
nenyepe.
HOHKA: Toj 6u Te Qouekas Ha patie.

(Tpajxo, Mupca u Benuxa Baerysaat.)

TPAJKO: Aj, Honke, u Ha TBoja rsaBa!

MUPCA: Jla tu ce Bpatu, JioHKe, oBaa payoc’.

TIOHKA (3a ce6e): He aaj mu, 6oxe, TakBa pazoc’!

TPAJKO (na Jlenue): A TH UWITO CH TaKBa, a peyaM, KakKO reMHH
a TH T1ponmawnase?

BEJIMKA: Ocrasu To cera qeBojyeto!

TPAJKO: Kako ga ja ocTtaBam? He ja rviemaul KakBa e? A Tpe6a
ila e Becela, a ce panysa.

MMPCA: Ila taa ce pagyBa, Tyky uw mwasH... Hé_3Haem Tit
KaKO_Cé_KaJii 34_MOMHHCKO_BpeMe, 3a_Opo, 3a_nécHa, 34_Apyrauku...

TPAJKO: 3a toa mu e? Ajne BuKHeTe TH ApyrayKHTe, HeKa cH
noneaT, Heka cu nourpaaT opo. Ajge, JlonKe, 36epu ru cute of oporto!

FIOHKA: Cera (Wsmerysa.) (...)

TPETM UHH

{Co6opHo mecTo, Kafe BO Helena WH Npa3HHyHH AHH MaAagexKTa unpa opo.
TlecHo KykaTa Ha aliu-Tpajko, BHCOKa Ha 2Ba KaTa, cO OaakonH, yOaBo OojamucaHa
uM Halwapena. Iipeq KyKaTa rpaguua. Iloxpaj suqoT Oo wABeTe cTpaHH Ha Moptata
sufaHH cequwTa. JieBo nu mecHo yaunun.] (...)

BOULKO (eo yauvea Ha wCusSHAOKOT rieza Bo mposopeuoTr Ha Neuue

aw ass a yryry ow aad pa a SEU Aoi sgAwarvei. viv Jia DU dtpyuuyvpe wh ‘EROL vinv-il ivi}
eee Te Warten Da ge Dic] An Aire ar a 2 R
mHe ja Ha fieHiiepe. 4Wa ja BHKHAM? AJAe. (Satpecysa rpanka.) DHAC-

2

Jian Ke u3ue3e?
JIEHUE (usgerysa): SaliTO Me BHKall?
BOUWKO: Ila... taka... Ha TH ja “eCTHTaM CBpllyBauKaTa. ..
JIEHUE: Sap tu?
BOILUKO: Ja jac, ja Koj aApyr. Ama wro Momue cu of6pasa!
Momue “N00, JLoce... ,
JIEHYE: Bomxo, 3ap we 3naem... UTo moxes jac?

134

BOIWIKO: A, Ke momwemre, ga cakate... JIa Me cakaulle MeHe.
E, 6yfasia jac: MHCJIeB, BepyBaB JeKa Me Cakalll.

JIEHUE: Sap yurre He Mu BepyBall, BouKo!

BOLWIKO: Bpe, yuite? Muxu ga Te maxam! Sauito He u3e3e
CHHOKa? TovikKy CcakaB 2a 360pyBam co tTeOe. He TH peye 4yo-Tpenfo?

JIEHYE: Mu peye

BOUIKO: VM nucmo tu mpatus. He xynu Buepa usyrpuHa CuMH
on Cnace Tym6oueseloT?

JIEHYE: Kynus. Paceyen... Cpeme, mucmo... To uutaB u ro

IMNTITTTZ

BOIIKO: Amu Kako ue, consu. Ulro mu Bafamw wuputTn! Samro
He u3uese?

JIEHUE: Tatko, Bowko, me 3axmyun. MW sBeyepapa. Tyxy JlonKa
Hekako yjauca Ksyy. Jlene, Bowiko, qa 3Haell CO KaKOB CTpaB cTOjaM.
AKO cTaHe mak...

BOUIKO: Jia Me cakalll, He_Ké_uMalll cTpaB, HH...

JIEHUE: Kako na TH DWoKaxKaM, Bouiko, Weka Te cakam!

BOLIKO: Kako? Beraj 2a mene!

JIEHYE: Beranka! La 6ugam G6erasKa!

BOLIKO: Berasmka, ako cakalll Moja a Ouselll.

JIEHYE: Cakam, Bouiko, Tyky Majka, TaTKO... TaKBa paHa ja
HM OTBOpaM.

BOLWKO: Taxa. A mojata pana, a MOjata 6ouKa! Cayuaj, Jlenue!
Axo Te usry6am, He Ke MOKaM fa mpe6omam. Jac He MoxKaM wa
*KuBeaM 6e3 Te6e, Jienue!

JIEHUE: MW jac we Moxkam 6e3 Te6e, Boumko! HM Mojata pana e
6e3 npe6ona! Ke tu ympam, Bomxo!

a Samo, Jienue! Sauiro qa yMpeMe, Kora MoxKeme Ja CH

BeeMe 3ae HO, cpeKHH.

Vp titt, Spe sysizie

We I e Re oS
JIEHY » fAMd.

BOILKO: eee Beke HH aMa, HH aMaH! (Ja mperpyysa uspcro.)
Ajze!

JIEHYE: Baka, 6e3 Huo?

BOLIKO: Taka, 6e3 Humto! Humro azpyro He_mMu_tpe6a. Jocta

CH MH TH, CaMO TH Ha cBeToB, Jlenye!
JIEHUE: Vstu mene, Boutko!

BOWIKO: Torar Ajne, Jleuue!
JIEHYE: He, Bonk (0, He cera. OCTaBH Me fa MOMUCJaM,
DOUIKO. ..

BOLJKO: Jfo kxora?
JIEHUE: Jo... yrpepeyep.
BOLIKO: Yrpepeyep Ke Me cakal JIM nopeke OTKOJIKY Sane

ELILIC z
TEHUE: He. He moe ma ce caxa

Kam cCefra.

BOUIKO: Jlesue! He cakam mospeke 36opopu! Camo 360posu!
diokaxu Mu! Ajne! Begnamt! (Max ja nperprysa uspcro.)

JIEHYE: Ajne! Bonu me, Bouixo!

BOUIKO: Aine. 6n3ai Tenuel (Orn)

SAAS VPOays, v i

QETBPTH UH

[Cienata KdaKO BO ees 4yuH. Og mo4ueTOKOT LO kpajot On ManeKy ce

cma60, Yac NOjakO CBMpKa, necHa HW M3BUuUK: ,,JawacH Jypuer™.]

[JJEHUE ja wocaT a BeHuapatbe. CBaToBHTe MHMHAaT Mpeg KyKata. TpajKxo
pa6oten fa Tro 3aTBOpaT Bowko HAM Ma FO MpatTaT cypryH, HO He ycnean mopayn
TOa WTO TOKMY Toralll ce H3Bpllysa BO Typuvja cmeHa Ha Buacta. Tlocnequata
Hayew 3a TOa TO OCTaBHAa Kora HeroBpHoT Mpvjaten Expem-ara My COONLITH
meka He MOMKEe HHLITO wa Hanpabu.]

TPAJKO (co remwxa so3qusKa ro uenpatysa Expem-ara): Co 3ypasie.
(llaysa.) Epe ra Kunucaa Ha Benuame... A jac He MO%KaM fa rH
sanpam. Jac, jac, alin-TpajxKo! Tpouyen auu-Tpajko! Jac...

BEJIMKA (snerysa aynma on 6onxa): Ese ru! Opge Ke nomunat, now

NeHiiepHibaBa!
(CBatosckaTa necHa cé noOnusy:

Ha3aq, 4a3a—, KHTeHH CBaTOBMN,
WeBOjKa Be BO ABOPH He MyUITa,
AeBojka € O1 poma ronema,

OHA IIyUWITa, a pOm.He Be MyulltTa.)

BEJIMKA: Cayman au, Tpajxo? Mornenaj! Bugu! (rnexa ava mpo-
opel 3aTcKpuBajku ce 3aq 3aBecaTa.) Exe ja! IIpapo Bamo raena! Co oun
Mou... Buau ja, BHM ja Kako e Kasia, MuHa, Kako [enosesa. Jleue,
Nese, naue, COJI3M POHH Kako JewMunN. Consu it MafaaT Ha BeHuaH
cpycrau! Oo, jlee, KepKO MajkuHa! Od, aene, rpaHko oTkKpiuena! ITo-
riehaj ja camo, Tpajko, Na ako He TH e cplleTO Of] KaMeH, Ke Ce
paxkaNHul 4. .

TPAJKO: Jlocra a! Quemu!

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(Ja TPrHyBa 3a Paka Ha3al.;
“" (EILEH TMJAH PJIAC OJHAJIBOP: Ajne, auuja, ua Kepxuna TH
cBanéa!

ae ee OJKHAJIBOP: OctaBu ru, Mope, u 6e3 KamGepa

AUJIMBO: Anu-Tpajxo, anu-Tpajxo,
KepkKa CH yilaBa,

eM, yilaBa; eM yjlaBa,

eM 1a He ja JaBa!

DypHO cmMeeie H BHKatbe.)

ar
Ow
oO

TPAJKO (6ecex on rues): WM He_ja4a_gapam! He_ke_cé_senya! ..
(Vctpyyspa H BeHmalll ce Bpaka cO MyliIKa B paka, Ce HaMeCcTyBa NO mposopeuoT
HW HHUIaHH. )

BEJIMKA (3a toa speme Ha mpc3sopeyoT 3aneceHa, 3arnegana no Jlenyc,
cinema W fiyBa 3a cé ~pyro, He ro 3a6enexyBa Tpajka): Jleu...

TPAJKO: A, kyuko HHenHa! Ympu,. kyyKo! (Tyxa.)

BEJIMKA (xaxo taa aa ¢ yapena co Kypitlym, tafa ua Mungep): dle...

3a Bc c a.

NETTH 4HH

CueHa Kako BO tTpeTHOT 4HH. Y6aB conyes eH. , I]pouxa’ — moxkaagua
Hegena. (Ha toj new e o6n4aj ayfeTo ma cH mpouitaBaatT Mefy ce6e 3a HaBpeAHnTe
CTOpeHH CO 3Hae€ibe HAH HesHaerbe.) (...)

TPAJKO: Ama tu nak sm... Mosuu!

BEJIMKA: Jlene, Tpajxo, mito men e geHec, 3aTHa [Ipoukal..
E, Tpajxo, Hemoj ma Ce JIYTHI H Kapalll, TYKY pa3MHCJIH MaJIky, Aywa
UMalll, a Ayula He mMoBesall. YtTpe, 3anyTpe, TH ue YMUpayKa...

TPAJKO: Ulro uma 3a Toa aa Mucaam! Huxoj He Moe, fa pe-
uaM, Ha yTeue Of yMHpaukara.

BEJIMKA: Taka. AMa Hekoj yMupa co moBeKe rpeBoBH Ha Aywata
a@ HeKOj CO MoMauJile.

TPAJKO: Bes6eum, Oe36enu: cekoja NlaHHNa CO CBOjaTa TexKHHAa.

JTIOHKA: (nopafa co crpas 3a ce6e): Jlese, cera Ke Me npawia Kaze
cyM Onwa! (Caxa ma Baeze Hekako BO NopTaTa He3aberexana.)

TPAJKO: A, TH He cH noma! Cu u3merma 6e3 mpalate!

JIOHKA: Ta...

TPAJKO: Y6aBa pa6ota, Mawana! Jepojka fa u3vie3ze 6e3 mpa-

mame! Amwonevul Kane Heme?
ADT CA LAIN 0 oe eee ae 24y\U Awe Vw we

WOHKAS Tid... Bes...

TPAJKO: Kage, Kaku!

-HOHKA: Wa geuec e Tpouxa... Ha Jlenue muory cym arpe-
wa... Bes ga ce npocram.

TPAJKO: Kaj Hea! Kako cu cmeena ga nojgeu!

BEJIMKA: Od, Hlonke, apo cu cropuja! Ena, Kepko, fa Te
HcwemuBamM! Kaj Hea cu Guna! Cu ja Bugena! Cu 360pyBaJia co Hea!
Od, Kaxkv, KaxkyBaj] MH, Kaku MH Cél

TPAJKO: Ama TH KakKO Of yM fla ce Mpgua!

BEJIMKA: He 6u 6ust0 uyno u a cé MpqHam! Od, Kaxyj, Touxe!
Kako e?

JIOHKA: Apna e, Majko. Muory apHa. Cé h e apno. KykuyeTo
MaJledYKO, €aM@ HOBO, y6aBO Kako KyTHBYe. CBeKpBaTa ja 4yBa KaKO
€]Ha Kallka BOfa Ha JWlaH, KaKO WBeKke BO rpaguna wiTo ce uysa. Ulto
e Toa a je cKapa, mom 360p ga & Kae! Muory y6ap nomMHH cH
HMaat.

pat
Ow
oJ

A- a ai AM ‘TIT A RATIATU aa ra an TimW none ww Titre},
2€fLivii. A\aMyoay ivi ¥1 luiTe, ivi TLU I » VAG LL, LL liTO HAC Fh tiv

JLOHKA: = Bowko of cBpagOata mMeme BeKe B yCTa He Typa, OA
Ma

yKau mpaBo cH He, WTO Sele ce 3a adopuus 3a KyKatTa, BpaTHu;
paoorata ae MY OH, BO eCHadoT TO] e€ HpB "MajeTop-

BEJIHKA: uy uu, Tpajko, vy mm?
TPAJKO: He, HejkKam HulwTO Za uyjam!
BEJIMKA: A suyyeto? Kakysaj, JlouKke, 3a BHyyeTo! To Buge JH?
JIOHKA: Kako ue! OpostKaBo e, Kako gu6eue! O6pauuniwata MY
HaOaOpese, AypH HoceTo my ro nmoksonuse. Ilro e toa ga 3ansaue!
Wu, wu! Camo cu ryra, ryra Kako rysamue.
BEJIMKA: Oc, ryamye 6a6uno! Od, 3naTHO BHyYeE, 3ap ee ma

He MH Te BUM, Wa He MH Te Wye, a He MM Te WemHBa W Musysa! He, ue,
He MOKaM NToBeke Wa HeKam Baka! He momaM BeKe fa uCcTphaM, Ke
OaM Bena!

TPAJKO: He, KaxBo ogerme!

BEJIUKA: Huxoj Beke He MO a me 3anpe! Camo ja ce 06-

Jeyam!
(BaeryBa Bo moprtata.)

JIOHKA: He, majxo, He Tpe6a ga ofnm, 3amto JleHue co cBe-
KpBa Hi Ke nojne ope! He Me uy...

TPAJKO: Uexkaj, 4ekaj, niTO peue?

JIOHKA: Ke gojmat ma ce mpoctute. Ene ru ugar!

(Hopafaar EBPA co 6e6eto u JIEHYE.)

“TPAJKO: E, cera mpxu ce apuo, aliu-Tpajxo! Cera ako
HCTpaell. . .
EBPA: 3a MHory rogqvHH OBO] eH, cBarTe!

(Tpajko ce cBpTyBa yuiTe noBeke Ha ApyraTa cTpaHa MH Mos4N.)

EBPA: Hue LOjROBMe KaKO WTO H€ HOCH peOT, KakKO WTO e aner

iv MYVAY 4) Gray

Ha OBOj 3aTeH Jeu, a ce mpocTtumMe, a ce H3MupuMe. Tu MOJHuU,
alluja, He ruleqau. He rieqai wITO WpxaMm BO pauese. Ilormegaj, cBate,
nee eva) em Malwko! Buyye Moe H TBOe, H TBOja KpB, allHja.
ro, Buyu ro! Cera e Mawe¥KO, HHUITO He 3Hae. Tyky m0

sid Aaj Vwi c #lU oN Set a Ome.
MpDos0o0py Ba. Ko ROBG ara Kaj

VUpae Ke poo, Ke Hpyo Sees £10 OA iL
TeOe H Ke Te BHKa: ,, eno, nego!“ Ke Tu ja Tove Opanata, Ke Te Tpra
3a myctaku. Ilorsenaj ro! Bugu ro Kako Te ruiega! Kako ga Te mown!

Jla Moxe fla mpo36opysa, 64 TH pekuo: ,,/le0, H3MHpH ce, Weq0, 3eMH

ao
we nenol Ucnenyera me “nero!
LO UE EN UE | A PE Sed

TDNOA TIT ee
IPAJNY (BeyeH HeCOMOAHBO Of WeTeTO, 34 MaNKy Ma Ce CBPTH, Aa FO

HeKOTa ronura Ke
ft a a UMP TIaA WS

4

opac cs

-

1

3rpaOu uM MCWeNuBa, Of FrpHoTO My ce UCTprHyBa MmpumapeHo): ALCJHH... O...
ol... Jlen... (Bo Toj MOMeHT HeKOj] Om HecoOpaHuTe myfe CO pecKO CMeerbe
noT@prysa): A, aymure! Cu KamekHa.

(TPAJKO ce crpecHyBa uM B MHF noOerHyBa BO NoptTaTa.)

JLOHKA (suka tog mpo3opeuot): Majko! Majxo! Bpro! H3ne3u! (Ha
Jlenue): Cera Ke u3me3e, Jlenue!
(BOLUKO cc nojapyBa mefy rpyna apyrapy. TPEHJJO newto ro copetysa.)

BEJIHMKA (o6neana Bo con3H, ce mojapysa a noptata): Kepxo! JLyuio

. I

Ma jKHHa.
JIEHUE (HONTDUYBA BE eae Ranier navay Maivnl Cratren
(IpHTpuyBa, ja NperpHyBa, WH SaliyBa paka). saVadjHO. Wid PHv

Majye, npocTH mu!
BEJIMKA: Kepxo! [Ipocto Heka mu Tu e! Buyyeto! JLaj mu ro

LOVIaATS CHatKa crarel
Dey Uk, VIG TAG Uoane.

EBPA: Ha, cBake!
: BEJIMKA: (ro srpa6ypa 6e6eto u ro 6auyra): Oc), BHyYe moe! Od,

ro wenmupa.) SsateH 3eTe! TI]pocro Heka Tw e cé! la cu mu 2KuB!

BOUIKO (4 ueansa paxa): Tpoutasaj, Gabo... (Ce Bpaka kaj apy-
rapute.) (Benuxa ceguypa go Espa u raegaixu cé Bo 6Gedeto, pasropapa co Hea.
JIenye e cé 20 HMB, a HO Hea JloHKa.)

TPEHHO: A, raxa, Bourxo. Kaxo na e, MajKa e!

MHPCA: (nosata 6pro, 3acraHyBa e4¢H MOMeHT HM Ce Bpaka yulTe no6pro,
cKopo tpyajku): Jleme, ce mpoctuse! HemaatT cpam fa ce 3acpamar!
Jlene, Ke myxuam! Ke 3nuBjam. (Ce crpuysa na3aq Hu Opro ce u3ary6ysa.)

TPEHLO u raacopu of Hapogot: Tlykun, Mupco! Punnu B Oyxap,
Mupco! (Bypuo cmeerme H RvKarbe.)

(Momunte HM NeBOjKHTe, Of KOH MoBeke KOCTHMMpaHH BO HapOQHH HOCHH,

ce coOpaHH HW FoTOBH 2a FO 3aNo4HaT Oporto.)

TPEH]O: Ajae, Bowxo, Ha cpagqOata HH Ce pacHta opoTo, a cera
a TO AOurpame!
BOUIKO: Taxa, 4o-Tpeuno! Ajae, Jlenue! (...)

139

BJIAO MAJIECKH-TAJIE
MJIAJOCTA HA ®POCHHA

Co HeforsieqHa NycTHHa BO LyllaTa ro Kavewle PpocuHa yOBeKOT
mITO Oelie po6 no Tyfu 3emMju, CaMO HM camo a H ucMpaTH mapu mo

HeKOj HaliHuen. Hejse — wiTo HuKOralli He TO cakaa. Toj — wiTo
MHCJelle WeKa ja caka. A, Kora ejleH eH MOMOrHa ja ce 3anpauia:
,,XOj € KPHBelOT 34 MOHTe HecpeKu, 3a MOjOT YMpeH XKHBOT?“’ — Taa

mak He Hajwe Ofropop. ,,Tatko mu. A 30mTo? Toj cropu toa mito
yuuHese CHTe Ha Bpemero. Takop Gellie afeToT: mo ceslaTa MOMHUKUTe
ce MaxKea JBaeCeTHeTTORHUIHH, a 3€TOT HeMallle NoBeKke of WeBeTHae-
ceT; Bo Crpyra (a u Bo Oxpuya) — MOMMUHIbaTa Mas a ce Maat
H TaMy Kaye cakaa TaTKoBuute. J[a Me ocTaBea HeMaxkeHa JO [Bae-
ceTTaTa TORMHAa, Ke MOKEB Ta 3€Ma4M CaMO BOBeL.”

Kora cTopH YeTHpHHaeceT TOAMHH, BeKe NOuHaa Ma UMaT CTPOj-
HHI, a Majka & SaaTuia uM BeJlelle:

— Mauna mu e, He ja naBam! WU equa e y MajKka. Heka mu nocegu,
a MM ja pa3siuun KyKaBa...

Ce Hacuiuja OX ceayM MecTa — cuTe mpouyeHH MOMaKHHCKY
amuunn.

— Ke ja Mamete, Ta Ke ja apzere!

Ja cakaa BO Oxpuy 4 Toa 3a ,,HajOoraTammure
la uye:

— He, 6patko, zypu Oxpua — lWenemurte!

Ja cakaa 3a yuHTeJIOT Sose.

WO

— He aBaM Kepka a Weta of rpagq na rpag. UM koj me mpatuia

MeHe, xuBU Bora? Ke my muuiaM Ha CTOMaHoT, Ta WITO Ke peue TOj.
My numa. My uckaxka cé mo pez WM My ru HaOpow MecTatTa.
Mutpe onrospopu of Byxypeur:

Tor UWUWATA IA NOo3sHaBaM ovr t%rwyD Orna sy Aana Ja a Ouo WW
gg¥ ae MrnvVvIY We LIVOMaDaiWN Yih fire. WDAY J¢ Vaya ame AaN\U IY £1

Hero Ja ce cTopu padorata.“
laa Torall TyKy WTO HanowHH NeTHaeceT TOMMHH, a JaHe uMallle
mpeky TpHeceT. Camo efHalll ce BHAOa pu HMB, KOra ro nokanH MuTpe

Ha ,,ocemza“, mpeq Tprawe 3a TyruHa. Taa ru mouecTH caaTKO, CO

amen aia

HuuKOCaHH oun. MH tTomky. Sumata ce faze 360poT. Cocem mpocto:

ADA
wih

140

RY Ziyi CALL oy ane J a weit

MajcTOpsiak Ha efHa romema Kyka. Eguo yrtpo, orkora j
Murtpe mpsarta CyB, Jane Hoje MH My peue:

— Kepxa Tu mu ce apeca, Au’ Ke Mu ja mame?

Murtpe ce MoMHcsM OTIMpOcTyM HM NOTeM MaJly My omroBop4:

— Teva NHUK CH, He MeL, He Yan, Co yu — Ke CTAapeul

Taro tt Murne uMal (bypya po Bvxkypeuwt. 2a JaHe nadboTeme
adh i » ww Aves vw
a

OMA-
wave CH

Gavssh easy Wed, S kbdae
oto

KHH... Mu cbaKa oxoto... TH ja AaBaM.
Tpu HefelH mpex Boon AOjaqoa Bo Crpyra 4 cTpojoT ce HampaBu.
@PpocwHa CaMO efilalll KaKa WITO Maka ja TOP, HW TOA Mpeg TeTK
it Mutauka, nacaMo:

M I

He 3Ham, peye Ppocnna

na Oune. AMa toj — ne. He mune ear A u xanaOanax ce.
Hi

pasrospopot Murtauxa.

Ox cTpojoTt xo cBafz6ata, Jane Rojme Aa ja BuaH PpocuHa camo
ennHau — Ha JletHuKk. Ha Hej3uHuTe ypyrapku ceBe3feH HM Uusea CBP-
wennuntTe. Mnory waa i magHa Ha @pocuHa vw mak fi Ce TOKAI Ha
TeTKa CH:

— Hora Heropa He ctanu opge. Ilro Gewe Toj apnayTcKu TaOuerT?

MutankKa cera fi ce pa3ByKa:

— Sacpamu ce! Jia ” cakau ga ce 6allypaul co Hero uM HaMyc
Ha KyKaBa fa joneceili?

@pocnHa ce BUPBH Kako TpeHadpH WH BeKe HHKOMY HULITO He
peue.

liIro nopeke ce 6mu2xKewe cBaaOaTa — Hej3e HM ro cTerallie CpueTo
HOBa Tara, MoTOraul HeceTena.

Alenta mpex cBag6ata, Ppocuna ja 3anpauia Majka cu:

— Muory J” e MauHO 2a HMalll Max MeuanOap?

=

maTuia ipe6jieqHa KakO Kpta, ro cBpTu rp6oT 4 Nowa HeITO
Aa powika NO MOcTeJIMTe H jopranHite, CMECTEHH BO MYCa! anes

— Majko, noptopu @Ppocuna, MHOTY JH @€ MaueH XKHBOTOT CO Mark
TIATI" Aand K ase!
euadl ‘

Al Uap: LN GAIAKLs

SaTHia 3anuna. Toraw 3ansiaka Ha ruiac nH Ppocuna u H ce Mpsn
na TnNany Huxoraul e NOUYBCTBYBA TA ATA “aA OW TOJIK 7 ONH3V Bya-
sca a anne a BAW Cali ja aoa) au al ua 7 vu KY Nuit 9) Bpak
Tpe HypH — BO ceée, Kako cera.

A nocne — cé cu ofeme no per

Sa Hej3HHaTa cBaqOa MHOry rowMHH MoTOa ce MpHkKaxkysale. Ca-

60Tata Ha Beuep Rojqoa O2 Kaj 3eTOT uanranMuTe 3a fa ce NMpasu
peced6a. Ho, Mutpe ucTO Taka MOBUKaN “aIrayuv, Aypu om Oxpxa,
3aluTo Oeule MHory ceBocaH BO Mpocuna

— ise pana uaarunu! Hukoj wu aya un Buges!

Mucuiermata 3a HeBeCcT

— lUlto Hepecta! Ja atu pysoro!
akall4HcyBaat!
Ortkora ja noBefoa 3a y Kouosun cé ft MHHa KaKO Ha COHe: NpBa
Beyep, Oara pakuja, BO cpemaTa yTpoTro — Ha Bofla Ha E3epo co

ATHMHTe, TA BpaKalbe CO MeCHH MO YapilHja, Wa MeTerbe HW Wier
Ha NoOparHmMute — ,,HeecTaBa He 3HajT fa MetTuT!“? mpaBetbe fomule-
cell, IpBuveTO H... pa3fesOatTa.

TaxKHO ce HOcelue no pum mecHata, meaHa Of OHMWe HCTH UaJira-
HH WTO 6ea Ha cCBanOaTa:

ll

4

oO mM

Nn
oo

Momue ce cnpema Ha ryp6eT W ogn,
Milaa HeBecTa Mpef KOa CTOH,
KpBaj*® CO3H POH, eM My Ce MOH...

Hekov Of *KeHHTE, WITO HCTO ichpaKaa Maku, BeKke Ce mpocovsHja.
\MTpe H3BaqH Of UpBeHHTe KJiallHeHH (O4 KYyMe4KO KJIaluHO)
OeuBH FoJeMa WaMuja CO LWBekuiba H TO H30pHCa yeNOTO. JaHe rule-
Halle 3a0yMaH BO KeMaHellujata, Yexopejku Kpaj mena cu. A 3am HuB,
SuatHia u PpocuHa — meTHaecTOroOmHlinaTa HeBeCTA.
He onaj, ayM0, yuIT’ oBa seTo,
aMaH, He ofaj mycta tyrfuua!
Tlapute, Ope Aygo, cekom* ce meyanat,
a WycTa MiamqocT He ce WeyaH...

Teliko e€ fa Cyyulaii mecHa BO KOja Ce nee 3a Te6e, 3a TBOJaTa
Soka. Ho, 3aT0a, 3amiaka mH — Ke Tu mecHe. A PpocnHa Of necHata
ja Oomeule AyulaTa, MJlamaTa Myla, WTO TpeOalle Za My ja Mase
mwenata Ha Janeta. A ete, ft octaHa packunata. BomKata He G6ellle of
TOa WITO MpepaHO 3aMHHYBa MAXKOT, WTO HeMa Ja TO BHAM CO MeCeLH,
CO rOAWHH, a Mowe HukKOrau. He! Og mpyro, TOKMy OOpaTHO: 30LTO

WM Hej3e He H TexKaT 300pOBHTe Of, TeCHaTa, 30LITO He MOMe — KaKO
Hej3HHMTe Apyrapku — fa mmaue no cronaHor. A Kora & 3asyHea no-

Ji€AHUTE CTHXOBH:

0

Lipeke MHplica ypu e€ pocHo,
MOMe ce JbyOH AyDH e Maano!

Taa MmpeOlenHa HM CeTH KakKO Ma HM Ce mpeceKoa HoseTe. Ja daTH non
MMUIKa Majka cu. Ha ,,Uapmmmekuot mocr“ 3actaHaa. Bo npeauctata
BOa BeceJIO Ce 3aMpaa pHunuHiba.

TaTKo u ja WemyHa B 4Yeno, JaHe CaMO Ce TOKOCAa H TprHaa:

a
KaomkaTa Oj, Hej3HHHOT KWBOT Ha *%KeHa MOUHA fla Ce OMMETKYyBa.
DKupoTt — 6e3 Gen Aex. ,,fakop mH Oust #KHMBOTOT?™

nwo
=
a
=
oO

Bier nen ae
* KPBaBhi

t Nt
* CeKorauil

' 142

OTe€M YeTHpH MecellH — ce emn om Kouopun. Yuite BeaHalll

9 KARTU CO CReEKDBATAa u« TpHTe 197npy A AaARA Warn WATHTA’
em 148Gb rk VY Vee esyee a 1 \ 4 ibe Nee eae aR GYYe NANNY LIV AWsda.

[we WeHOBH ce Maxkellle HejsHHata Apyrapka Bera. C2 mpemene
BO HajyOaBHoT PycraH — TeceH BO cmaOMHAaTa Ta, WTO OAM MOHaAONy,
cé MOWAHpOK — AO 3eMja, yOaBo esieye CO CpMa Be3eHO.

— Mamo, jac ce 3roTBHB — lewlaTa 3aqullaHa ff peye Ha CBeKpBa
€H, KOja KplleWle OpeBH BO OfajyeTO Wo KyjHata. Kora Buge eka Taa
He HH*MOMHCJIyBa a ce oOuleKyBa, apHmane:

— SHaelll WeKa CMe BHKaHH Ha cBajOa...

— Cnymaj Hepecto! MaxoT He TH e OBHe H He TH TpeOa ma ce
Tl ory, HATY Wa Ofn no cBagOu. He tu muuu. Tyru Maxu

ipeMeHyBalii MHO
aa TH Ce nyaar!

@pocHva HCTHHAa, BeHa PlaBa, HCO CKpleHO Cpe Ce BpaTH rope
BO Ofajata.

Orroralll OBHe KYKHM ,,HepaaTMalH mocrojaHo ce MoBTopyBaa.
EneH ea My HCKaxa cé wa JaHeTa BO e4HO H3HACOI3eHO MHCMO. TO}
on Bykypewt ogfrospopn: ,,BeqHau mesm ce. 3emu ro moeto uce. He TH
Tpe6a Ma ce cak’aqucBum.. “>

HlesieibeTo craHa. JaHepoTo ,,nce“ Gellie KyKkaTa Kpaj peka, cera
HaBaJleHa, WTO CulyxKellle 3a cyllehe KOKH HJM ja 3eMaa NOD, KHpHja
TpHuapute Toma6opun 3a cyllete CTOMHH. MpocwHa ja HCYHCTH, Ba-
poca, ja ypequ ,,HoBaTa“ KyKa H moTOa 3qMBHa Masky. Majka u 3aa-
THIa CeBe3feH Ht Helle, Ta Taka HOJIecHO BpBelie BpemeTo. A cBeKp-
BaTa paliHpH HH3 Yaplinja ,,Ce eH 3aluTo e 6ecpamHnua! Cama —
ceKakBH TFHacOTHalH Ke mpaBy. Ex, wiro cHH Oyama cyM MMawia.*

Tomky mecHa — fOjme rac fleKa ro orename TaTKka & Murpera
Bo Byrapvija, unejKu 3a HaBamy. IIponaguad co dypHata uw MuCJiIen Ta
3apa6oTu Bo Crpyra. Majka 4 SmatTuia, ako M He MHOry CTapa, coceM

“

ollafHa HO CMpTTa Ha Maka cu. Taa ru mpomake BBaTa 3aroHa kaj

Tilia eee coe OCR GP ATs eNO NMI, Be opel a ch ee eee ne ea ee ys eer
,apKuHula’, Ky OOJleKa 3a yYMHpa4uKa H He NOTepa HH TpH MecelH
— yMpe. YMpe Kora @MpocuHa uMallie Mere Ha MOHOCYBawe — MpBaTa

pagoct.

Bppea rojHHv. JaHe ceKOja 3HMa Mellie, OCTaHyBallle MO HeKOj
Mecell H Mak ce BpaKalie Bo Bykypemt. MpocuHa pafalle Aewa H,
WITOM Ke rH MOMOMpactreuie yMupaa. Iler pogu (eRHall OnH3HaH) U
cute meT yMpea. Ha Hej3HHOTO sIMIle Mpea BpeMe ce MoKaxaa Opa3yH.

5 CaKeMCYBAaL

This passage and two others (cf. below, pp. 147 and 172) are given in the
forms which indicate that the narrator does not take the standpoint of a witness.
This is ,renarration“® and the verb-forms are ,dist-nced* Cf. § 24.

eetees ai 722i 4

Bogease ronuny. Jane cexoja 3uMa uo ocilanyBadA TO HeKoOj Mecell MH Nak

ran eT

a

A flocsle qojzoa uM BOjHUTe. ,,CpmcKo", ,,OyrapcKo"... eqHH OTHAH

Apyru Hojqu! Warumrata ce 3aTBopuja, Mapu moBeKke He Hfea,
@pocuna paootellle apratKa, Ty Ha mo3jero of Ilepe kypenyujata,

BO 6aBUMTe WJIM 3arOHHTe Ha wopoayn Eoruma, lopurera camapyu-
a, Huxowa of Bumanopun... Equa mylla — cé HeKaKo Bp3yBalue
Kpaj co Kpaj. Ke # mwamaT HeKoe TeHeKe rpas, Ke MOHAaCyWIM Ha HH-
3aJIKH MHMepKH, MO YeTHPH-MeT OCMaKa %KUTO H — MOCTAa, KOJIKy fa ce
mIpesKuBee 3HMaTa. :

BojHute THBHaa. Jlyfero M3aeryBaa Of CBOMTe MOMOBH, HCMva-
UleHH H HeAOBepHH, FH NonmpaBaa KenmeHWuTe, TH MOMOHyYBaa MOJMWATe
cO Toa WITO ce Hallo (,,KomKy fa tprHuT® padorata’), pHOapute ru
Kpllea CBOHTe 3amyCTeHH MpexXH. ee mak TO H3MeTe CHeEroT Of

RAMTTNHNMATO ro pasurpa Es e@NOTO Uort1 OT TOC @HeEH SKUHBOT O
eee oN ee eee fi og as ir epoTo. £LAVUDTIV IL TOCJ aa ZKHBOT vw

HyBallle HeCHFYpHO, CO CTpaB Ha JeTe npen poomyBatee.

@MpocuHa, BeKe TpHeCeTMeTTOAHIIHa CTapula, cefellie Kpaj OrHH-
luTe, IpecBHCHaTa Of CeTO OHA WTO ro MpeTphesa MoceqHuTe TOAMHH.
Cejellie HENOABHXKHA Ap xKejKu ja riaBata cO ABeTe paile, HaKpemeHh
Ha CKJIyueHuTe KOJIeHa. Camo ounTe Ht ce ABM2xKea MO MaMeHOT LITO
HEMHPHO TpelleTeiule H ro JIM*Kellle rasapoT OM KOTJeTO, OOeceHO Ha
CHHNMpOT, WTO ce chylira OR RHMHHKOT. Ce roTBelle pyyek.

Hekoj 3arpoma Ha maTHaTa mopra. CraHa JleHo, HameTHa feyeTKa
M Cilese. CO Maka ja OTBOpM BpaTaTa, WTO CO TOAHHU, OAeKa Tpaelle
BOjHaTA, crocus NOTMpeHa.

IIpeq wea ce moKaxe JaHe, HO He OHO] Jane ITO KaKkO MmJiaHvva
Gere vennabel Ha BeHuaBKa BO UpKBata Ca. lopruja — 3qpas, wpBex,
CO MOTKaCTpeHH MycTaku. Og Hero OuMKallle Cla Ha Mam UH, Norsel-
HYBajkH TO CKpHWHO, Taa CeKaBallle CTpaB M MOWNT KOH Hero. A cera
-— TOj CTOellie CO H3SHOCeHH Oe4BH, KpleHO (peHCKO MadTO, ApKejKu B
paka Moroviem Bp3ak. Han yerata My BHCea MYCTaKHTe, OCTaBeHH Ja
ce INMpaT m0 cBoja BOJIja; Opanata HeHsO6puuer ia CO Heflesu, ro Kpuellre

Byars (oy Tole
haved

GJIeHHHIOTO Ha OOpa3HTe, HO KaKO Ke Ce COKpHjaT nmOTCHHATHTe ABe
KeCHiba MNO OUHTe H MpTOBeyKOTO Yeo! YuiTe Heco3seMeHa OF MaHyT-

6 TprHe

A locale douse 4 BojHuTe. ,,Cpricko“, ,,OyrapcKo™... ERM OTHAM Apyru Wojan.
Ilatuwitata ce 3aiisopuse, Mapu nopeke He udere.

@pocuua padouieza apratKa, Ty Ha_No3jeto om Tiepe Kysenyujata, Ty BO
OaByuTe uM 3aroHuTe Ha yOpOalu Estuma, Topweta camapyujata, Huxoa of Bu-
bat BiH... Equa Myula — ce HeKakO sp3ysaaa Kpaj co Kpai. Ke u Oadenre HeKoe
TeHeke rpap, Ke @vdnacywerd Ha HV3aIKM MMNepKv, NO YeETMPH-NeT GCMaKa 2KUTO
H — MOcTa, KOJIKyY Ma ce MpekKupee 3uMarTa.

Bojunte Musuase. Jlyfeto u3zne1ygaae OF, CBOMTe WOMOBH, MCNauIeHH M He~
MOBepHH, TH HOdpaBane KeneHuNTe, TH HOUOAKYBaAe NONMUMTe CO TOA ITO Ce Ha-
wJIO (,,.KOJIKy a TprHuT paOoTata“), puOapute ru kpaene cpovte 3anycTeHu Mpe-
wu. II]ponerta mak ro u3mefa CHeTOT OM KalMpMaTa uM ro pa3zurpana E3eporo.
HopuoT nocyepoeHeH %KUBOT OfifouHyBaA BCE. cO cTpaB Ha feTe Npeq
NpOOLyBathe.

144A

ALL

WITO T1OTOa Ce BewHaa.
= Jlo6ap ney @MpocuHo! co ralac Ha K

nex, uo! ria I
e CTOPH KaKO a THe HeroBH 300pOBH fOjqoa AypuH Of Tamy HeKaje
— of Moxpa. M 30ITo mpH cekoe Here Of rypOeT — cé Taka,
&é HCTO?

WeHoT Kora ja 3efe, TO] ja Bue Bo ceTa Oe320HAa giacoutna
jaMata WITO pyr
cToeja Mery HuB. A raa Moxe OM -MeuTaesia BO 3HMCKHTe Hoe ae

a

ae)

TO TH Apxkelle NOAaNeKy Chew ON ApyrHor. Tleruaecer rofwHHy

°

yeu (0 EAD a AnH) Maan, cTpoeu, 0MaKku te

o

= (O See Ce ashes rd a

ec
TiOJIHH-paMHH MOTOHH, MycanpH H KOBUe3H, TaKOB WTO CHTEe
la WH no3aBpufat. Bo Henena un pee Tee — 3aeMHO, NOM paka, wa
T B JIPKBa, Ha BHSHTH, Ha: PocrH, nIipBHUHtba ... MW cure MajKu ma

HM al Ha Repkure: eae YMHH, HaMYCJIH, He CTojTe MHOry mpew

TaKOB iWiTO CHTé “apy

Owa
UA

6eNKH Ke ce wajae TaKOB 3eT H 3a Bac . KaKO “pocununnor . oe a A 70]
— wro? Ito & fan Toj? Ako He Gellle pa3qen6aTa, Moxe Ke ce 36JIH-
Kea HeKaKo. A Baka... CO TORHNH faseKy Of HCa, O21 HOBHHA Ha
noru6eul Wojqu-uH4HH — uw Huuito! Ja, u no Hekoj nogapox. Liro
Moxme, KOra 4 TOj] Tamy — cera B pa6Oota, cera 6e3 padota! UM cexo-
raw Kora Ce BpaKawe Bo Crpyra, ma W cera, WTOM Ke HaOJMxKele WO
TypckutTe rpo6ullita wu Beke 3apye3elle BO Typcka Maasia, My ce da-
Kallieé Mpa3 OKOJly CplieTO, rO Ma4eliie YYBCTBOTO Ha TOCTHH, CBeCeH
eka e€ HeMHJ BO KyKaTa. Saroa Kora ja Bue MpocuHa mpey cede,
KOra fH BHAe Hej3HHNTe yuiTe He3racHaTH O4UH — ce 3aCcpaMH.

— J{o6pe nxojne, Jane! — co neckpHeHa pagocr OTM03qpaBH @po-
cHHa (Jae TOKMy Cera, NO OfroBopoT, ce uary6u, 3allITO oBaj Mpeuek
HUTY MaJily He MpJieraiiie Ha mOpaHelllt a) Kpsta mpoctpyu m0-
CHJIHO H BHeCe HelUTO %KHBOT BO HCMHeHHTe O6pa3u. MuHa Muaagocta
— CO apraTerbe, CO BOjHH, CO CMpTTa Ha one BeKke MOZOApactenH
yewa. HespatHo oTufoa conumtatra! A cHarata ja 3aryOu HeKkora-
wHaTa cia — onayua. Cera Taa nouycTBysa 3a NpB nat notTpeba of
Mallika paka Bo KyKaTa. A Jane i Gele, “cenak, HajOMHCKHOT YOBEK.
Ito He CTOPHJ TOj 3a Hea! Amu 3ap Hemy my Gellle qecHo? Ex nyctu
Bex! VI ce uHHelle, RypH, MeKa TO caKa, HO OBa elle Mompyra Jby60B
O77 Taa Mo KojallTo KonNHeele BO JIYAHTe TOAHHH. UBa OeWe JbyOOB Ha
4YOBeK KOH YOBeKa.

— He ru ce nagzepaB, — fofanhe Taa, 3¢MajKH My TO Bp3aKkOT OF
pakata. Jane ja noTmpe BpatTata.

Alonro cejea Kpaj orHumite wu Momuea. Ha neKosky naTH Taa MY
ce ONYAH MpaBo B WHWe, HO TO] HC TH CHMHA OYNTe OM KaMap¥eTO, Ha
JleBaTa CTpaHa Of MycaHyparta. ,,l ocnoaHu, Kako ce u3meHHa! OcTapen,
saGbenean.. .‘ NOMHCIM MW BeHaly notoa ce mpuceTH 3a cece:

See ee ree asVsvVn s4P

ike ge ne 145
10 Macedonian grammar ior

po
Insta
ee
p
an
9
a0}
Oo
OQ
oO
—

Ha BO OrJie{a-

Vi nak 3amosunja. Tlorem MaJly TOj, KaKO 2a MY CBeTHAa HelITO BO
YMOT, 3anpalla:
— A jenata ympea?

— Ympea.

— Teilko mu TH Oellle cama?

— IIpereurko, — peye PpocuHa u ro Ha6pa yenoto. — Bacnauera
caMa TO pOnHB 6e3 HUKOLO. On Hevaneipo erana To HCKaNHB nma-
Mw ava av Pr Arid, AAZAAL VAHeNvane Jé aw Wa ChaaChen A WV aacairz ay cn

CTpuB cé, ja BapocaB NpveMHaTa, FO M3MHB YapmakOT MW MoCe NerHaB.
Jia we Me HajmaT BHrapKuTe pacdpjaua..

Jane mak He 3Haellie DITO Ma Kae, O§ Kane Ma 3aatu u, 3atToa,
TOJKy Ce 3apafyBa KOra ro BAe 3an Ppocnha Bp3akOT LITO To MOHECE
co ce6e. Ox RONHHTe pyOH H3BaNM TONeM MACJIMHEH Wad, CO TeMHH
pecu no Kpauuitata.

— Toa e cé wo TH Hocam. He 3Ham au Ke TH ce apeca.

@pocuHa my ro rpa6ua, ro pasruienyBaile OM cuTe cTpaH, rH
Ma3Helle pecute 4 moToa ro HaMeTHa. Taka, CO WasoT, Ha JaHeTta My
ce Bue Nak JIMUHA.

— Y6aB e, a? — 3anpailla TOj.

— Y6as. Muory y6as...

Cera BeKe, My Cé OfBp3a ycTaTa:

— Ojpaj ro HajqoB fa ro kynam. Jl yKkanute npa3au. Ilocae, kaze
ITO HMalute, He Oea TakBH. AMa, CH peKoB: ALypu He HajiaM HelLITO
Kako 3a PpocunHa, He fo ocTaBaM Byxypeurr!*

Mpapajuwata ce HacMmeaja.

IJotoa, Jane packaxkyBalle 3a TeWIKHTe JeHOBH LITO rH MHHaJ BO

29 PpOiVAaTaA 29 nAaTOoT on Byxkyp newt. 90 Crpvra. Taa no

Pyy MaHnja, wa ee eee va guaivia VA iv

AY Mt Ae ye Ch. Aaa eBY
NOApoOuHocTH My OOjacHu 3a CHTe Mella — KaKO pacTesie, KOe yMpeJio
OW CHNaHHUH, Koe OF OouIH BO rpJOTo, a ce HalloJl O72 POMAHHHHTE,
mp Koro paOotena — cé Taka ypu Zo mpBuoT mMpaK. Bo pasroBopotT
rly MATITIA KWH An rAMaIaeE AH.
WPoCHHa To 3aiipatiia:
— A cera WTo MaCMUI 2a mpaBulL?
— Ke 6apam pa6ota. Cakam TyKa Ja 2KuBeaM.
A an wo 2PwTawsa waAyvraAa wawro owestsT Zz oO TATITTS Tacs Tlee trinn rt oe
A, €T@, He CTdHa TaKa KdKO WTO MHCJeiie JaHe. J1Ba Hi II Méceila

TO} cee 6e3 paOoTta, ocBeH eH
Ha MaralHHOT Of Yopb6auu Ed

Hunton mnrwnrn He aA? ipeoc TaH
BR atilii1ty FAP yt ava y sipe vial

CKHOT TaT.

A&
ZU

FEney IVHCKH H@H Wliana 2
PANKAJ tke h ~pAwWEE Bau SFA A

oO A
BO IpBHTe Myrpu, ce KauH Ha BOBYeTO H 3aMuHa 3a Besrpag. Ha cjo-
yBalbe H peye Ha Ppocnna:

— Bapj”u ro opa wito ro Hocuu. Ko’ Ke ce poau onutaj MOKTOpU
H MHUIM MH. Toa uITO Ke TH peyaT THe, TOa 4YHHH. He xa NapH.
Ce6ecu Ke Ce npodaqam uw napu Ke TH npatam. Jla ymMpaM jac, qa
YMpell TH, AMa TOa a OCTaHe KUBO...

PRETCTOTHHU
CBCTCTOTHHH

x

BRaecetTtTata roanmqunva. vurtTe
£ Savvel.a.a avsaina, } it

3.

Ha negeceruHa MeTpa Of MecToTo Kaze ulTo ce gen [pum of
E3epoto, ,,¥cta‘’ — Kako ro BukaaT CTpyxaHHTe — ce BuleBa peuH-
wteto Knaumetuia. Toa Teye JeHIHBO Of KOH PagosMuiTa, no OJlaTe-
CTOTO MecTO HH3 UlaBapH HM TPCKH UM, YOBeK OM peKOM — UCcTa CrIpo-
Crpela, HenOgBuxKHAa BOMeHa TénkKa. Ha mnpomet u .ecen, Koammetuua
€ efeH Of HanoHTeNHuTe Ha CTPyHIKOTO OaTO, a WTOM Ke 3adatTat
CTYROBHTe, ce NOKpHBa co JieqeHa Kopynka. Muaxky, Taa e npHKasaHa
mo 6oraTcTBoTO co mHjaBunN. Hexoram Crpyxankute uv Kpaj Hea 6e-
Jlene MWaTHO, MO3yBajKH cekoe CyBo mecouHo mecTo. M HHuITO 4yAHO
He My O40 Ha MHHyBa4OT-CrpyxaHelL Ha uye BpecOoK OA MOMH H
XK€HH, CO MOTKpeHaTH (pycTaHH, oO KOIeHa Bo BOga. Hexoja nujapuua
HM Ce BIKJIa BO HO3eTE.

Bewe tpu mena no Boguuy. Ilo qomrata wefena TéHKa ce caMsraa
feta co ,,kajkopu. tony, 6mu3y Mo MocTeTO, ApyrutTe ro CKpuinae
Mpa30T HM ce Tellaa OKOJY pHmunibata LITO MpenwauleHo 6eraa Of MyK-
HaTHHaTa, 3a a Ce BpaTaT mak, HaMaMeHH Of TPOLIKH se6.

Ilo mpyrata, Hefaneky O2 KJHMeTHIa, Ofeliie YOBeK CO KauKeT,
o6JleveH BO CKPOMHH rpafCKH PyTHITa HCO CesICcKa TOp6a, LITO BuceuIe
Of mecHoTo pamo. llog3acTtaHa mpeq *weNe3HHUKHOT MOCT, ce O6spHa
oKouy cede, Ta Kora He BHZe KuBa Ayla, ce 3afage KOH Aewata. Toj
»MallkKH OKapa Kora, Mpeq CaMOTO MOCTe, MpomaqHa co eaHaTa HOra
BO. eCHe4yeTO, BeWITO 3aMaCKHpaHO CO CHeroT, Ta CeTH BOMa a MY
HaBlpa BO ¥eBJIOT.

— flema, — BHKHa TOj W THe Kaj MyKHaTHHaTa Ce CBpPTHja, ocTa-

BajkH rH pHnuvmaTa Ha MHp, — av’ 3Hae HeKOj OM Bac Aa MH Kaxe
Kage € KyKaTa Ha JaHe MajcTopor?

Buao rpu neva no Bonuun. To Qonrara 3emena TeHKa Ce cAu3z1aze Mea
co ,kajKkonu". Llony, 61K43v MO MOCTeTO, Dpyrute To ckpiwusze Mpa3oT uv Ce ii wane
OKOAY pHMyvmhaTa ITO Mpelinameno Oe1aa2e OW MyKHAaTHHATAa, 3a Ma Ce RpaTaT
nak, HaMaMeHH OZ TpouwKH eG. .

Mo npyrata, Hemaneky om KaumMetTuia, ode2 4OBeK CO Ka4uKeT, O6ne4eH BO
CKPOMHH TpancKH pyTHUITa H CO ceNcKa Top6a, WT BuCceta OX DecuoTO pamo.
floodsaciianad ipeR XKeNesKuYKUOT MOCT, Ce oOSnHaA OKONy ce6e, Ta KOIa He
BudeA KuBa Dyula, ce 3a0aa KOH Deuata. Toj ,,MawKu“ okanaa kora, Iped camMoTO

Ta celiua pola a My HaBupa BO YeBJIOT.

10*

Enuo of ellata, CO MOoTKpeHaT eceH paKaB Ha JouroTo Mave
AO JlAKTOT, HAMHTHYBajKH HM Ha ApyrutTe, My OJTOBOpH:

—- He 3Hajme kage e! — To narsacu Toa ,,Kage, CakajkKu qa My
wOKaxKe KaKO Of, NOW rpawcKaTa oOeKa OTKpH CeNaHen. Cute 6pOuaa
BO CMeerbe.

— Mope nmpokjeTHuk, — Ce HasyTH TYFHHelOT, CKycH CH ro ja3H-
YHIUTeTO, OTY akO Te NoTmaTaM — CaMO KOBUWHaTa Ke MH OCTAHAT
B patie.

— Jaue, Toj wo e Bo benrpag? — 3anpaila efqHo mojagpo mere
CO CHHHHa Ha MOTeC4YCHHOT HOC, Ta, yITe HeBpaTeH OATOBOpOT, KHHHCa
KOH Hero.

— Toj, To}!

— Jac Ke TH nokaxam. Kymouituna cme.

IIpuyojaqenuoT u3Baqu Of TOp6a rpcT WeKkepuniba uM My TH Aawe
Ha jjeTeTO, CeKaKO CaKkajKH a TH wCiyka HeroBuTe ,,HeMoeIBaHH Apy-
rapH. Toa mpBoTO BUKHa, OYMTemqHO Hey6esqeHO BO CBOHTe 360poBH:

— Bpe, Ope, Mucaum Ke Hé 3uajocam...

Ha Janepata kyKa ampere mom og Bpatata Gea oTBopeHu. CKkauu-
Jlata — Cé Aypv Jo rope nocwaHu co 4YnCcTa TéHKa, TKaeHa OF Balan
Kpnu. Tlotonot (no mpaBo — MonoBuHaTa Of KaJIpMucaHOTO Mpu-
3emje HIM KaKO ro BuKaaT BO CtTpyra — ,,4qBopye) Selle orpameH co
pasHumanu wiTunu. Metpo_n_now ako 6ea BucoKH. VM, wiTom Ke Haka¥Hlll
Ye€THpH-eT CKaJiWla, IpeKky Mpa3sHHOT WpocTop Of TOpHHOT Kpaj Ha
orpagata, 0 YapmakoT Hay TeOe, BEAHALI Ke TO OTKPHeL AOMALIHHOT
WHBeHTap BO IOTOHOT: ee€H ToueM HaBaJieH aMOap, NOKpWeH Co Ba
—ipcta ipaliMna, cekupa, Tpynell, H HEKOJIKY TOBapH ApBa, CHO pyllleno
CHTO WITO BHCH Hag amOapoT H Maia OouBa, HaMeTHaTa CO WMNa OF
lajaxKHHa, — CNOMeH OA NpBNTe AeHOBH BO OpakoT, Kora BO BykypeliT
JaHe peuiu fa craHe ,,tomakunH’. Ho Mpocuna ce NorpuxKHa 3a OBO]
KyKeH Mpa3HuK a FO 3aTHe OTBOPOT CO LpBeH YapllaB H Taka ja ja
CoKpHe CHpoMallTHjata Of BHrapkKuTe. Taa 3Haellie 7eka e H Taka rpAo
—- ,,Ipapo Tearpo“. Ama celak, NoapHo ,,TeaTpo” OTKOJKy Aytka.

Yiure TOM CTalv BO ,,ABOpueTO", TYFHHEILOT Uy NPHAyleH Hay Ha
pyayue. [fo Kpanuitata om yctaTa My 3aHrpa ocMeBKa. Ha ywapmaKorT ro

mipeyueka Beta, Oaui-mpujatemkata Ha DpocnHa, — CTpOjHa TpHecer-
MeTTORHWHa %KeHa, CO IWHPOKM TpKaJIeCTH KOJIKOBH H JyHeCTO Be-
CeO JIMIe.
K na mnhA nN rnird1aTa rad
— KOE JAOOPO, NHpwjaTeJe:
— JloOap meu, cectpo. Naam og Bearpag. Ere, nocam mucmo of
Janeta. Am e TyKa MOMaKkHHKaTa?
— Tyka, amu! Bne3su, Bae3su, mpnjatene! Hue cu HMaMe paOcT BO
KyKaBa. — BHKHa Beta u Ce CTp¥Ha KOH IIpHemMuHatTa:
Onnacy ry afo TT neascoaT!
— WDpOCHHO, a0ep OF, MaxKOT!
Bo arosiotT of ucTOUHaTa CTpaHa, MOA NosMueTO MpenomHO co
MKOHU, JexKelle PpocnHa — JeyHKa BeKe TpH wena. Og mocTenata,
NocsaHa Ha NOAOT WH OF BYHEHHOT jopran, KangauncaH BO Oe KAKO

sate we Gils eave Ane ae Ne sacaw RAL asiVath fel ME SEES

148

UKeTO — HH2 OF alata WAuRame matey
aw ~~ wh gee Asus ft esa A

MHpHC.
Kora sBJlese rocTHHOT, PpocuHa TH OAMeNH OA pys4eTO cCBOHTe

.
OuH HITS Ronmevaa Kako MOVAUNOW 30yHeTO OTMHAANManny Hatouuntrna
wen Vo Wee nhad REASRNY AVANZAYA APSR LR OY YEAR SY AEINOAN PEER, LAD POSTE Le

nmopa3yOabeHo sMue OHKale O2 MajYHHCKa payOcT, HO ceKOj WTO
3Haelle 3€ CMpTTa Ha MeTTe ella MOMKele Ma SHPHE BO Taa pagzocT

— Ajne na pu e xxuBo. Jia Bu e 2KHBO... Maluko aslH 2KeHCKO?
— Mauiko, ropnzo onropopu PpocuHa.
Xe, xe! — ce HaCMea rocTHHoT. — SnHauu, jac TOKMy Ha Bpeme

fam, a? Vix. Jane ga 3Hae, Ke ce cnoOynamu of pagoct. Adepum

|
al

—- TIuycmo nocnw? — co nowOBHH

c
— Ae, XC... THCMO M..- TApH.
Wap OFOWTO mHcMa, a?

afia Avinapv, CTahba OF
MHHAepot HW TH ocTaBH Kpaj geTeTo. TokKMy a ceHe, Ce BUpPBH OF
cpaM, Ta Ha Op3una HcTpra yllite cTO WHHapH HTH psmM Ha nocTesara.

— A jac 3sa6opasus, xe, xe! Tue of mene. Ese TH ro 4 NHCMOTO,
HepecTo. Cera omam B ceo — Lippena Boga... B nengena umMam
cpan6a, CHH %KeHaM, @ APyrHOT MeTOK Nak Ce BpakaM. Bue AoToram
SPOTBCTe NHCMO, a jac Ke ce BpaTaM fa TO 3eMaM.

— [Ipujarene... Kako TH Gelmie umeto? — Ce HaBenHa Beta ma
ro uye moapHo.

— Ky3man.

— Iipujatene Ky3manHe, Beyeppa TyKa Ke ocTaHelw. TpeKa Beyep,
pa36upam. Ke wu 6ugew rocTuH, Ha MecToTO of JaHeTa. Cnonaj6ory
WTO H WoHece 34paBo-2%xHBO Ha PpocuHa On cTronaHoT. Yrpe co 30puTe
Ke CH KHHHCall, we! Ene yuire Masiky Ke Ce CTeMHH, NaTeM — BOJILH H
mito He! Exeee, kage e LIppena Boga. Hemoj, He... He ce cNpoTHByBaj,
pesveHhG — cTopexo!

[pu oO} HCHHOT rmeSNM A WoO ovr Buy9 HeHvuorT writ
A4peAOjACHHOT HSBdwaAe OF PysAenOT rvij

Ky3MauH ce mocjyKH CoO MHOry 4OKa3H KaKO Tpeba a OAM B CeO
— KyKaTa caMa, caMO CO CTOMmaHKaTa M CHHOT, a cera Mpen cBanoara
wtTo no6pry. Ho Bera u Ppocnya He ce Zagoa, a ocoGeno Beta, u Toj

Ako, ako! — y ja 3efe TopOata.
Hopoponenueto 3acna. MnocuHa ro MOKDH mpeKy raaBa co ion-
1OBOpoOMeHueTO 3acna. WpocuHa Fro NOKPH Mpeky wHaBa co Jjop

raHue, TO OTBOPH MHCMOTO H Ce o6use 2a ro Mpowkta, HO He CMOrHa.

— Bero, MH ce BpTu HellTo Bo ruaBata. Iipounraj Mu ro TH, ako

Bera Oeule Joula yueHnuka BO BpeMeTO. Toram Bo Crpyra Mmalle
ersapXHCKO yuHsuute. JleH OH, neT MeHa He OAH — UHHeWe. Tue cH
6ea HeKOMKY Opyrapku. On foMa co jaHTHiba H MO Naye — mpaBo
Ha ,,Ajpot’. Tamy mpaBea weH cBagqOn cO KykKJIM, HeyyecHO WHeHH

149

om Kpnu. Yuutenkata Anacracuja Uakappa wiTo cTOpH mnoesBate,
ta H OMA MM Ofelle MpH TaTKOBLUTe WH MajKHTe, aMa pe3yJITaTHTe

Aaa nyUvayvny Tlvwouw TWOWaATA WOTeEKOT MATIATA oO ea Ra Youu a
UCa HYnKanbDH. ZALYpPHE APMeie NHVICHhYI, Atialia co 1ay ddirisi ley,

WITOM Ke ce 3a6opaBenie — mak cTapata mecHa. Satoa Beta Muna
OfBaj, ,,cO aTap’’ — Kako BeJslelle cBeToT. Cekoralll cMpT H OnJIo ma
unta. A Ppocuva Geule noApyra. Cute paspequ co OAJIMYHO TH 3aBpLll
HW Masly TpeOame ga 3ayuu rumMHasHja. Majka ut SnmaTuua My mula
Ha Murpeta 4 My paCcKaska Kako HM OnJIO AeTeTO HaapeHo 3a yuerbe,
cé OAMMY4HO — Ta Kad! JM e 2a ro Mage B ruMHasuja! Mutrpe noop3a
co onroBopot. Toj He cakallle a uye 3a Toa — KepKa, BeKe n0-
BO3pacHa (f{BaHaeceTronuuna!) BO FHMHa3Hja, Kafe yuaT ,,fqeva Hf
MOMMUHIba 3aemHo". Jtocta u e. Ta Hema yuuTemKa fa ja mpasat!
Ha gpa natu wea mpi SaiatTuua yuuteskutTe Anactacuja UaKkapBa
\¥apa Jlowkuua, MOsIea a fo MYWTH eBOjyeTO, HO, WTO MOxeLIe
Taa?',,CromaHoT He mapa. Muory e tTaOuetauja‘’. M taka — yuite Ha
WBaHaecet rowunu Dpocuua ja 3aTBopuja, ja HampaBija ,,MOMMyUKa™.
Ortoram Beta cepe3feH KHCcHellle np Hea H HHBHOTO MpHjaTeJIcTBO
IIpOMOJMKH TO JeHeLIHHBe JL@HOBH.

Beta mouHa cO MaKH fla 4MTAa:

»CTONaHKe PpocHHoO, MPHMH NO3sazpaB OR MeHe cToMaHoT JaHe
mo Te6e Mpocuna. Jac cyM 30paB H XKHB, KOj HU TeOe TH caKaM
3paBje 4 «xuBOT. He TH KJIaBaM KyCypH 30LUTO He MH OTOBOpH
Ha MOCJ€QHOTO MUCMO, KOj 3HaM Ja ce TOTBHUI 3a parame. Ppo-
CHHO, He ce Cak’suCcyBaj, jac 3apaGoTHB .4 TH nMpakamM no Apii-
jatenop Ky3mana 1000 — jMHapuH uw mak Ke mpatTaM ioM 3apa-
6oTam max. Cera HeMa padoTa 3a MajcTopwiak u cera padoTam
aMaJicKa pa6ota. MpocuHo, Bapau ce 3a MeTeTO H NOKTYpH CuIy
utaj M Bapau ce. la mu muuell anv Marko au xXeHCKO. AKo e
MallKO KpcTu ro Kame, Ha TaTKO MU, Oor fa ro MmpoctH, a ako
€ *eHCKO — SuaTula, Ha 6a6a my, Oor fa ja mpocTu, KpcTH ro.
Cera fa TH Kaxam WO mMucjlaM. Opne ce pa6oTH, aMa MaJly mapH,
a Hac HM TpeOaT MHOry napw 3a aeTero 3amito. M co rocnona
Hanpey mo Benurgen Ke ofamM co npHjatesos of L[ppena Boa Bo
Amepuka. Tamy Oat MHOry ylllTe u TaMy uMasio MHOory pabota
MW jac Ke omam. Cera nmaTuB 3a nmalllanopTuTe HM 3a DBa-TpH Me-
cella Ke OjmamM uM Ke Ce BHAMMe HM JeTeTO Ke ro BuaM. Cera
HeMaM Jpyro WTO fa TH MHWaM HW OCTaBaM Ha TBOjoT 6p3 osro-
BOp JO BHyBatbe.

Co no3apaB u Te 6allyBam
TeOe H feTeTO AKO € pOMeHO a aKO He e
— Of kora Ke Ce poaHu
Jane

_-— Uy sm, Ke ogen Amepuka? — neonpegeneno BuKkHa Bera,
cpeKkHa ITO Beke 3aBpluid mucmMoTO. Cakallle yuiTe HellITO Aa peve,
HO KOra ja Bue JleyHKata, MOJIKHa. @PpocuHa JlexKellle Haypes, 3a-

150

RpTeHa KOH /leTeTO, a Of NOWy3aTBOpeHHTe O4H H CBeTea covisH. Taa
HHIUTO He MpO36opH.

Bera uauie3e HampCTH Of MpHeMHaTa, 3acTana Kpaj Npo3sopenoT
HO CKasIWaTa WU Ce 3ariieqa BO pekaTa of HacnpoTu. Jipum dosyano
Teyele Mefy OperoBute mocjaHu co cHer, MeHJIHBO Ce Aesele Of ApBe-
HHTe CTrom60BH na ,,dapuincKHoT mMocT“, WTO TBpAormaBo MY CT ojat
Ha aT, M Mak OfAMepeHO Ce CHM3rallle AO ajjaHute, Kame Ke my ja
‘uTe Of ryctTo 36HeHH TPCKH, nmpukpeneHu co KO-

t

JOBH. CO CTpalllIHO PHKalbe TOj Ke ce Hees On pubure, 3apo6enH
Mery Tee MW TaxKHO Ke ro MpOAOWKU CBOjOT JasieyeH mar.

@ KHHaT MayaKu W BeceNO urpaaT BO CHBOTO
MpOCTpaHCTBO Ce AOMeCKa He Ce HaMvacTaT MO KpoBOBUTe H MO CTpy-

HIKHTe TeCHH yaHuH. YulTe MaJiKy WH Ke make HOK.

151

CHABKO JAHEBCKH

(I. BO UIKOJIATA)

Boonuito, mpodbecopnHte rH mo3HaBaB MHOry nmoOsOOpo, oTKoOuKy
THe MeHe BucOKHOT, TaHKOBpaT, BHHMaTeHO HallyApen mpodecop no
CplCKH ja3HK MH MO WCTOpHja, KuBallle Ha 4uacoT BO OeMTe AVIaHKH,
yaupallie co mpcTH MO MacaTa KaKo Mo 6apa6aH HW MaKOCHO ropopelle:

— Bue He cTte AOOuTOK, HMaTe ja3HK. Ja3HKOT Ha ToBezoTO My

os

cK a ce OOMKYyBa, a BaM — Ja ropopute. A Bamy, He 3HaeTe
yilite WTO € riaron, WiTO e mpHAaBKa. [naroa e — Bue orsynysare,
npufkaBkKa — YTstymaBu cte. JacHo?

OnropapaBMe JeKa HH e€ jacHo.

Ke mposopete Hekoro HM MOKaxKyBajkKM Ha Hero co mpcT Ke
MpaHelle co BeruTe.

— Tw WTO cH, raarom uM npuyaBKa?

YueHHKOT, HABHKHaT Ha BaKBH Mpalliatha, ofroBapallie 6e3 Bouija,
FO MOKOpHO:

RWyvwyAntwiwm 9a.

Toj Ke ce HCKHBallle BO JaHKuTe, pei ja ruaBaTa Kako ja
KJlyKa, Ke fH H3OpHllellie TeMHHTe TEHKH YCHH HM OAHOBO Ke MpAHelle
CO peTKHTe BerH.

— He3nasmmuo. [IpunasKa cH OTKAKO CH Ce pO HM npHAaska K
yMpel. Pas6upami? Cemuu. 3a Ha@HHOT YaC OBA Ja TO HayuHoi HC
Wa ce jaBHul.

Mene Me pat BO ,,MarapellikKaTa KJlyma‘; He Me Tpllellie, KaKO
ic WITO He Tro TpneB Hero. BecmucseHo HM ROCaaHO MH ce MOTCMe-

Mia }
J
Bale WTO co Maka THY pasmquKvBap ..uS on 1z ce meKka cocem
av AL Jed wb YUKYB +e] a wh gy td ’ Vu V1, ewe
5

He mpecTaHaB fla TH pa3MKyBaM.
Bellito TH u30MauyBallle HMUIbaTa, MpO3uBajKH CepHO3HO H He3a-
HHTepecupaHo, ApxKejKu ro MapaMueTO B paka:

ani

(e}
w

ys

— Hexka ctane... Jane CmaBKoBHK, CO CTaH B MafapellKa KJyila,
6poj equHua oF coos THEBHUK, O OBellHaBa rasasy ja.

Moviuep Ha HeroBHTe Npalllama cé MOMeKa He Ke Ce HawyrTellle:

— CefHH, WpHZaBKO efHa BeYHa. On Mpse cTaHyBa Marape, OJ,
te6e He Ke CTaHe 4OBEK.

ilo HeKOJIKY MHHYTH aK Ke Me CKODPHElle.

— Urpaw su myr6a?

— Urpam — mpu3Hasas, He 3HaejKH WTO e NMoapHo Ja ofroBapam:
a WIM He.

A moroa cilezea 6e36poj mpawiama: Kpayam JM 3eeHH CAMBH?
Ilujam au 3ejTHH? To untam au PoOnH30H? Pakam AH pakoBH?

Ha kKpaj, Kora Ke rv MCUpmelle cuTe Mpalliatha, *XaJIOCcHO Ke 3a--
Tpeceule co riaBa.

— Ceyuu. MetKa no cé. A jac Ke TH Hamam e€AHHHWa CaMO OF
CpuckKH ja3HK.

CranyBaB 6e3BOJIeH, MOJ4aJIMB H 3aMHCeH, 6€3 HHTepec 3a yye-
wero. (...)

(II. LTPEWIHMY.)

YrpegzeuTa He OTHAOB No mTuuju cegema. Opaa Op3a ofsyKa ja
mpomMeuH Baxkgap. Co yekop Ha 4oBeK LITO yipaByBa co roviema Tpro-
BHja, H3lese OM CTapHOT HamMyuITeH aBTOMOOMA HM ce npoterHa, 3a-
MHKyBajKH Of jaKOTO JleTHO cone. Ce HacCMeBHa Kora 3a0eulexKa
eka ja rileqamM rpeOaHuiata Ha HeroBoTO YeJIO.

-— Ulro? [pe6auuuata, a?

Ce HaMypTe H MJIyKHa mpem MOUTe HO3Ze:

— Muu Acan ga TH Oajam... A re6e ulTo T™ e rajne 3a Toa?

Myc mM meKa BO Kele3HaBa KyTHja e JIeCHO 3a cnvetbe? Fapoucku
Ke Te 3a6omaT KocKuTe. )KunutTe rpe6at. A Bue Kame?

TleHuo paMHOyWIHO TH NOABUTKA KpauuliTaTa Ha GOewMTe ycHH H.
3aTpemKka CO 3aMHM2KaHHTe OH:

— E-ee, Baap “ORHOBO “ce. mpoterHa, CO MaKa op xKyBajKu
paMHoTexka Ja He 6H MagHan Ha rp6. — A jac He 6 onen. 3HaM
ejfiHa KyKa co 3peJiM TpewHnu.

Tenyo ro 3ATBOPH €HOTO OKO, Of WTO HeKaKO YyMHO M 3a MeHe-
HeO¥eKYBaHO MY ce COOpa MHWeTO MOJHO CO CyB Ae

— A ako Hé (pataT?

— [aynoct! — Ce ycmusya Baxgap. — IIpemq naague Bo ky-
KaTa He€Ma HHKO].

u He Ip aliyBa jKH Me, KaKO Jia He 6eme BadKe@H MOjOT TIPHCTAHOK,
1He mojqoa. Mp30BommHo ce BuIeveB 10 HHB, NO MaJIKy HaBpeweH ITO:
He Me HH NOPieqHyBaat, 3aCTaHyBaB MoviekKa HM raiewqajku ro WMpOKHOT
rpO ua Baxmapa, ce ry6ep B HejacHH Mucwu. Ilo Hekoe MacmeHo mepye

KOCa MY H3JleryBallle Hay, U3JIMKaHaTa jaKa MU ajAyuKH MOASMpKyBalle

1RQ-
ivo:

OM CTapaTa cTyTKaHa Wanka. McnyKaHuTe neTHUH Ha OocHTe Hose
TO yAupaa nO MpauivaTa KaJigpma. 10j oneu I i
mapafa, CKOpO He BHTKajKu ru KoseHHuuTe. Cera 3HaeB eka [lenyo
ce Tpyfelle 2a WHY BO OfeleTO Ha CBOJOT MajcTOp BO aMaliKHOT
3aHaerT.

ێfiHa to en OKO, mpexy. eae Oo aoe

mane ea ao co HHB. HeHagejHo, 6e3 Bpcka u noTtpeba, Ilenyo
aed KJIMKHa:

— Sumaj cé wTo Moxell!

Baap mo3actaHa BO O/fjeHeTO U JbyOONKTHO ro moruesa:

— Hiro € Toa?

— Huuwto. Taka TaTKO MM Bevlelle.

— Tu e Kas 3a Hero?

Tlenyo ro u36erHa KaMeHOT MCMpeyeH Ha Cpe maT M 3a4yeH OL
IpallaweToO OATOBOpH:

— He, 30u1To? He Gemte toKmy, muvee!

— Mm, ga-a! — ckopo Bo3quBHa Baxgap. — A Kamnyfeport kaj
KOrO CJly2KeB, OTel, CuMeoH, HHaky roBopeule: ,,l[yfo sm e, TH He
mofaBaj paue. Ke ru ce ucylwiaT mpcTure™.

CracaBMe.

Toa 6elle UpBeHHKaBa yOaBa KyKa, CO DIMpOKH, CBeTIM NpOsCpuH
HH COHUaHa Tepaca. CrerHaTa B Kese3Ha orpeia, CO MOH ABOp ~ApBje,
10 KOH KaKO Ha OOKHKHO ApPBUe BHCea PYMeHH LWpeliHH, KyKaTa Oeuse
MoBledeHa OA peOT Ha ApyruTe 3rpagqu nopegzenu Kpaj Bapgap. Kaxo
cayuajHo 3aslyTaHo u 3a6yHeTO yueHWUe, ONKOeHO Of yaHuHM ela!
Vis yauuara 4 KyKkata 6ea mycTH, CKOpO KakO HamlyllTeHH of syrfe.

Baxap ja 43Baav Wurapata of ycTa, MwyKHa uw My ce 3aBpTe
Ha Tleruo.

— Kako, a?

VW oue uexajku ofropop, eHepruyHo s3amopesa:

— IIpepuajre ce. Tu, Tlenuo, B Kana 4 B Ha3yBH, a TH, apciaHe,
= Hajnoese Me 3a6eexKa — BO KkpmaBa.

Vispaav Of Wem UpBeHa Kpila u MH ja Homane. (...) Bemiro Kako
Mauka [IJewyuo ce mpedpsm mpeky *ewe3HaTa orpafa WH THBKO HO
-OCTpO MH NoTdpwam:

= Ajae, WTO YyeKar?

raCarin

Ce mpepJIHB H jac, CKOpo HappejeH ITO BO TOa MH ToMaralle
Baxkfap, ropopejku:

— Ke ru meuume nocue. A Mo2xKeOu u Ke ru Mpomameme. YOaBbu
‘lapHuKH, a?

Bes Belt 3a KauyBarbe M0 [pBa u MOJ4ejKH Op3as, HaTHpeBapy-

.
“Ba 1K tr Tram mwa TITIAN

lavas TTa rr akr
ajkK KH ce CO 11€H4d; TO} Cc€é KalyBalli€é Ha eC HHO I peHiHOBo CTEOJIG a jac
Ha Apyro. To HaSHpaB HH3 YLyCTHTe JIHCJ4 KaKO ja NOJIHH KallaTa,
‘CTaBa [KH rH BO rovieMaTa YaBKHHa yCTa nojapute HW MO3peJIM WPewiHH.

‘Kpnara mojieka crexHyBaue. Herge KOH BpBOT MJIOLOT MH ce CTOpH

a a

104

o3pen. Ce KauyBaB Of rpaHKa Ha rpaHKa, yKHBaJKH BO TlynaBo 3a-
uyneHHotT morjegq Ha [lenga. Bo cBojata omMeHocT fa ro npHBmewaM

B
BHHMaHHeTO Ha Bbawkaapa 4 wa ja 3an00HjaM HeroBaTa moBep6a, jac
He BHHM4BaB Kaj fa3aM, Ta CTanHaB CO ceTa TeEKHHA Ha e€AHa NOTeHKAa

rpaHka. Uys KpllKalbe M CeTHB JlaOaBOcT HOA HOseTe Hu, Mpen ma ce

cHajqam rpaHKaTa ce@é CKDUWIH. a jac co Maka Ce WaTHB 328 OpBaTa
Aw cA Aan, Ppasmmadacd we as paus y uu seu wv avn gata a waimnp wee aaproais

rpaHka. [ioa MeHe, KaKO KpyNHH KaNKH KpB, Ce pacTypHja WpelHHTe
WTO rH CO6HpAB.

— WUnunr Ke
ianOT, KO a

WUpejKH TH HO3ApHTe.

IIpeq ma My ofrosopaM, CTaKwleHaTa BDaTa Ha KyKaTa Ce OTBOpH
a HH3 Hea HCTpua Orpomua Kena, CO GeH KOCH 3aBpTeHH KOH TeMeTO.
HemaB BpemMe ja Ce BpaTaM MO TaKOB HauHH KaKO UITO Ce KauMB.
Tu ona6aBHB mpcTHTe HW Ce MYUITHB, BepyBajKH BO CBOjaTa cpeka.
Co ceTa TexHHa MaguaB Wa WeBaTa Hora, rMevejku rH nO” ceGc. 3pe-
JHTe WpewtnH. CeTup OoKa BO 3rloOo0T Had CTamasKaTa OM jecHaTa
Hora H HecBecHo u3BHKaB. Ilenyo 6p30 ce CTpKawa HH3 CTeOJIOTO H CO
POJICMH CKOKOBH Ce ymaTH KOH orpagata. Ho roemMata 2KeHa, CO MaliKH
pane, Geume 6p3a Hu To cTurHa npeA mwa ce npedpan.

Ce o6H0B a CTaHaM H fa Ce Hary6am Of KykaTa, HO GomKaTa BO
srno6oT Geule jaka H jac ORHOBO MaQHaB.

Cé wiro ce ofurpa 3a TOa KyCO BpeMe, HeKaKO JO Cplle Me NO-
Tpece. Bomkata Bo 3rno6oT Gelle jaka, HO He MOKelle a ro MOTHCHE
CpaMOT npefx oBaa %KeHa, Npe YHH OW CO 3e/IeEHKaBH MJiaMeH4HIba
ce UYBCTBYBaB OefHO, KaKO ruiyBye Bo (pak. JlexamM HM KaKO BO COH,
Kora He€KOj Me OpkKa, He MOMKaM fa GeramM; ce MayaM H LO 4YBCTBYBaM
uyKalbeTO Ha cCpueTO AypH BO CHenoouHHUMTe. Baxgap ce usry6u,
OCTaBajKH Hé BO paleTe Ha HeH3BeCHaTa CyfOa, a Ilenyo ce mpeBuTKy-
Balle BO pallete Ha jakaTa %KeHa, WITO CMOKOJHO CO MeK rjlac Me

— Uexkajre, omeka NoBHKaM NowMuHja. He Ke ce ceTuTe yuiTe
efHall fa Oepete tyro.

re aA tee sce ea inate
€HO 3aCTaHa KOra Me BHAE AeKa JiGKAM, CE3Y-

CNeUIHO OOHAYBajKH ce Ma ce HCOpaBamM. ;
— A Tm, 6pe cyptyk? Kakop cu TH Toa? Jlere co Taka y6aBu

— Ja ckpiiB Horata!

PKenata 3acTaHa HW He 63 COMHeHHe Me norsegua B oun. HM [leno
ce CMHpH, Myuitajku ja 4a ro ApoxXH co efHa paka 3a MUHUIKaTa, a co
Apyra 34 Mogpata wcKpnena Koulyia. Hu3 3acom3eHHoT NOrieaq HuB-
HUTe OH MH 3ampHJleraa Ha ABe MOJOKeHH OCMHILH, NOMHH CO Cemedect
cjaj. Ocmunuure ce cnouja Bo TpeneTMMBO CBeTKaBO KONMe, TepajKH

aAAeE wesw ee pte rwtivse Usa y

Me fla Tu CnhyuiTam TpenkuTe.
— Jlo6po, craHH. — MeKO peye xeHAaTAa.

155

— He moxam. HasuctuHa, Horata Mu e cKpweHa. boan.
Kenata ro nyuitH Tlenua u 3anoBeza:

— ITlomoruv mu fa ro BHecaM B Ofaja. Iloctpazano ajayyero.
Bo Sue 6ellle 4HCTO H yore CaaMeHutTe CTOJOBH, NOKpHeH

TeMHOTO maciue, | Ha Koe cBeTKalle cxana, " KuTajcKa 'Ba3a, MOJHa CoO
pos. Hou OTBOPeCHHOT Tposopeil, MOKpHveH CO Teilika Kaquena Apa-
nepuja — Oemle mMuHaep co Ooja Ha 3pena BuuHa. IIpuapxysajKu
Me OJ cTpaHa, HOWeKa CKakaB co efHa Hora NoMery HHB, THE Me MO-
Behoa KOH MHHAepoT HW Me HaMecTuja ma merHaM. JloneKa nojBenqHa-
THOT IleHyo MOKOPHO CTOellIe Hall MeHe, HECHOCHO H YeCTO LIMpKajky,
*KeHaTa KJlieKHa rHOajKM MM ja OocaTa, HeuncTa Hora CO AOMTuTe MpcTH-

— Ulunata, nopeke 3a ce6e peye Taa, HO jac CeTHB MpeKop BO
Hej3HHHOT Waa6oK raac. — Tpe6a ma ro HamectuMe 3aruo6oT. Max mu
e jleKkap, Ta HeKako H jac ce pa30upam.

Im BmuB ycHHTe efHa BO Zpyra Hu Of GomKa jaueB HH3 CTHCHATHTe
3a0H.

— Huuito, quuito. — ce ycmMuBHa Taa. — Horata Te 601M of TOA
WTO TH e Jya raaBata. Uopekor cekorall nNaTH of raaBpata. Jipyr
maT 2a He BJeryBalll BO TYFH KYKH, HHaky eCfHall Hu ruiaBata Ke tH
ITyKHe.

Ilotoa ctporo noraeya Bo IleHua, co OTBOpeHH ouH, a O2 TOe
OellaTa KOKa Ha BUCOKOTO, ropfo yeno, H ce coOpa BO CHTHH OpuKH.

— A TH MpHopxu ro 3a pale, MM Mpeyww fa ro mekyBaM. On kage
cTe BHe?

Ilenuo HamipaBH TaxKHO WHUe H KaKO Mpocjak, 4yMHO 3acTeHKa 6e3
BpcKa CO lpallamberTo:

— Hemam a TaTKO HH MajKa. Dnanew cym. Cpyeso me 6oum.

—- Cplero? — co noTcmMeBHa *eHata. — To me cpueTo, a?

Bmecto fa onrosopH, Ile#uo KoHmCKH pK Ha OMPHOT HOC.

— A Toj? — co oum NoKaxKa wKenata Ha Me! ae BpTejKH MH ja HO-
rata HW TpHejku ro yOueHHOT 3r06.*

— Bpart mu e! Cnne ua ysmua!

Hemas cua wa Kaxem eka Ilenuo naxe. JlexeB co 3aTBOpeHH
OuH M CO CTpaB FO OCJYIUHYBaB KpUiKaleTo Ha 3rsioboT. 7Kenata MU
ja NyWITH HoraTa M ce uCMpaBH, O WITO 3aKpuKa AylWemero.

— ]louexaj, Ke TH TO HCTpHjaM 3rsio6oT co MacrT. 3a efeH eH
Ke TH MOMHHe.

VM MaBTajKu KaKO MallIKO CO palieTe ce ynaTH BO cocezHaTa Ofaja.

Hekako 4yQHO, KaKO BHHOBHHK, Ce 4YBCT ‘BYBaB ee , Tlexua, TOJ

MOTCMeCILJIHBO Me riieqalle Co ajyukuTe oun. [Tu cTucnas TPpenkHTe He
cakajKH Aa TO rielaM. Muory mopeKe caKaB, KeHaTa Ja He HcTenaie
MH qa Hé ryuiteme a CH OHMe, OTKOJIKY BaKa HITO MH ro MecTelle

3rm060T, 6e3 na Hé WCKaDa 3a Knax Of wre Ke MH 6eme MBHOrY
UAW hg VW wy oA su SAW a wu oe ata, 4s kv XU SFE ER AFRREWSA DD
1auecHo.

156

— Bpat TH Kaj oTHJe? — ja uyB KenaTa Hay ceOe HM FH OTBOPUB
OuHTe, PlewajkKu OKoRy Cebe, CO sampexKeH Morieg.
€ BepyBajKH BO OHA LITO CJIyTeB, MalJIMBO 3HHaB:
— Tlenuo.

jac 3a6eyleKaBMe eka

no
liapenata KUTajcKa Ba3a He Oeme Ha MacuueTO HW eKa aeae On CJla-
ReATIITO amrnaAnaAnt Kara Kao ee Re ere wR ArnAwMR IA rate
MCHHTE CTOJOCBH OELIE OES Pee ipeKpHBKa, CPpaMHO pa3roJieH.
— |]ocnoge, Me o6pau! ——— HECIIOKOJHO H3BHKa eae . NputTpya

bot

(OH BpaTaTa; NOM TeKMHATa Ha HejsMHUTe YeKOPH LywiemeTO HenpH-
jaTHO 3aKpllKa KaKO Ja ce Kpuin.

Bo36ygeH Hu 36yHeT, ce McnpaBuB HM C€fHaB Ha MMH/epoT, oo6usy-
Raiku ce a 3actTaHaM Ha GomHara Hora. Kesata ja OYeKYBaB CO
T

aRwa San FOANVAEAAG awa

‘aKOB CDa4M KAKOB NOPaHO HHKOFalli He CYM TO MOUYBCTBYBaUJ.
— JletHam anawot! — MOjaBU %KeHata, Olena u 36yHeTa. — A
TH, PaBOJICKH ase Oeraj OTTYKA H OUMBe 2a_He_MM_Té_

Bu at. Bu Tpebaso HM Ha NOJMWHja Ha pe lipefatam. Ajayuu PKHBH.

Ce vMcnpaBMB uM KyllajkKu co OomHaTa Hora U3leroB of 4NCTaTa
KyKka HouHa co jopropanoB mMupHc. Uekop m6_ueKop >.KeHaTa ofeule
TlO.MeHe, He BepyBajkH HM Beke Ha MouTe yOaBH oun. Bo nperTco6djero,
OM TOJeMOTO OrjieqanO Ha SHOT, KpawewiKyM Me Nordea cO KpynHv
IUPHH OUH, JacTapecTO MOM4e, co OyliaBa KoCa MH MaJly WaMKaB HOC.
Toa He MH 3anpHJiera Ha Tlenya. Mavieros Hu3 craKJiIeHaTa BpatTa, CO
Maka CIlyulTajkKH ce NO MepMepHuTe Oacamaun. /KeHatTa MH Opp:

— 3emH cH ja cBojaTa ajayiKa-Kpma. Exe ja Nod ApBOTo.

CeTHB Helio TaxKHO BO‘Hej3HHHOT Mek rviac. Tlasejxu wa He ru
n3ra3aM pacdpJieHuTe UpelliHu, ja 3e00B KpnaTa HW He BpTejKH ce KOH
cTakjieHata Bpara, NOjROB KOH KeJesHaTa orpafa.

~— He mpedpsysaj ce. Bparara e oTBopena! — ce Hacmea xe-
Hata HW jac OTCTpaHa caMO CO CAHOTO OKO BHAOB, AeKa B palle yulte
TO APXKH 3eJeHOTO TeriMYe CO MaCT 3a TPHelbe.

Oxsoj eH Geille OoeH HacTaH 3a MeHe. Bo cero oBa HMalle H
OOpo MU 30, HO jac He MOXeB fla ja HajqaM rpaHHlata MOMery HUB,
WIT

nN mo HeKal ne OMOryeille na HM aar Ie nwan mMmunaAtrTh BO TT =
Vv AO ne Ke MH NOMOryele FZ iM S3arvieqamM Ha wyleiO BO AY

mata, la ja HajqaM WajBaoKHaTa HHIUKa, WTO TH Bp3yBalwe HUBHUTe
300poBH, esa, HeouekyBaHocTu. Ho naimuory me Mauette Ilenyo,
MaJHOT Oe3HyWeH ajAyK, WTO W 3a MeHe HCOUCKYBAHO, POMNCKH cmpema
cBojata ajayuka CTpacT, PO 3aMpCH MeHOT B KsOMYe, OCTaBajKH Me
OJVYCakaT HM BO HeH3BeCHOCT Ké 1 o6paHata *KeHA. Bes curypen, Taa

1 PA, MUVAaMtaALa Ah\\il
Tla Wa

aS

a

YeepenocT MH ce jaBH Tipp aT TO} AeH, ZEKa BO 11€H4a Ce KpHjaT JLBEe
4ela, ABe C€HHaAKBO UYAHH UH TYTH Ha MOeTO pa30upame. Equo nod-
rpoeHo, co oe maee BerH, BHCOKO MHTHaTHW Ha UCNYNVeHOTO UeJIO,
co njlauius. SoroMoucKH raac A eg eee eee eae tC Dae
CO WWaiiHB, OOPOMOJICKH Puiat — ,opaT MH ¢: Ullte Ha ydaHnila:

fi Apyro — BeulT koanen: OecTpalieH eka MOKAT a ro ataT, HAW
6apem Ad TO TOHaT KaKO MalosIceTeH KDHMHHaJet, WTO HeHU36eKHO
MOwKEe Ha MNOWIECrHe HA SAKOHHTE, H3PaCaHH, Ce€€AHO, 3a BOSPaCHHTEe

ripectanHuuu. Oxoj Tperuor, wiro ro 3Haes, Tlenuo — cOoHOT Ha MOeTO
WeTCTBO, SecTpaiieH WH jak, rocnomap Ha CcuTe Aela OW yiaMuatTa, CO

lojleKa racHellle BO MOjaTa CBecT, OCTaBajKU BO MeHe HeKaKBa IIpa3Ho-
THuja Ha H3laraH 4YOBeK, HaBpezeH 20 cous. He, toa He Oeme [lenuo.
Toa Genie myuina, yOaBa, UBpcTa HM MpupseuHa, wITO BO ceOe KpHelle

mA we trp ort

cCyBa, HauHaTa Of upB jatka. Unu mMoxe6n u HUUITO He COKpHBaile.
Kako opeB Of Koro BelllTa BepBepuita, Ha Hepa3ONpJHB HauHH, CO

OUuTe OCTPU 3a6u, ja H3BaNNNa jaTKaTa, OCTaBajKU Ha TBPpAaTa Kopa
(banHTacTHuHo Maso Aynue. Toa Oea TpH 3aMpceHH MmpeTCcTaBH 3a eQHO
jimme, Ha Koe ylliTe He MOKeB Ja My ja RorsenamM pyuiata. (...)

Toa 6Oellle WeH, IpB eH, Kora pa3s6paB feKa BO CKOpO BpeMme He
Ke cYM BeKe sete. (...)

(Hil. KYSMAH.)

Ox Toj eH Ky3MaH mo4uHa 2a Me MpHByeKyBa, KaKO WITO Me MIpH-
BuleKkyBalwe mopaHo IleHyo. He BepypaB eka TOj ¢, KaKO UITO Oelle
Tlewuo, yOaB, cBeTo 6asIOH WITO TH O63HMa OUNTe, HeO“eKYBaHO eeH
eH Wa mpcxe mpex te6e BO CHTHH, HeyMOTpeOJIMBH Mapyviba Ha 30p4-
KaHa ryma. Io WeHeB HM 3aTOa LITO M0W3Ha WeKa CMe NOjaku Of Hero,
a MM ce paflyBaB Ha NpHKaCKHTe WITO HH TH pacnpaBalle 3a Helo3Ha-
THOT cKonCcKH PokaMG6ono, OfMa3—HHuKoT Kupo ArteBuk, 3a KOj He
3HaeB MOCTOH JIM BHCTHHa WIM e€ U3MuNCHeH. Cekoj MeH ce cocTaHyBaB
CO Hero, 4yBCTByBajku fo KakO OpaT HM BepyBajKH MY CO CceTa CBOja
jleTcKa ucKpeHoct. A He 3HaeB eKa TOj Ke Me pa30uapa KaKO HHKOj
WOTOraul, HaHeCyBajKH MH GOOJIKa WITO OCTaHyBa Kako OeJler BO 4OBeKa,
Herfe BHaTpe Bo Hero. My ce pamyBaB, ro CmyWaB, IpucTaHyBaB a
KpawaM CJIMBH 10 OaByvTe CO HefO a WH He COHYBaB JeKa € TO} Haj-
apHHOT y4eHHK Of UIKOaTa Ha 3MOUMHWNTe BO OBOj Bpell, npallieH
rpaf, HCTKaeH KaKO CTapa Yepra Of TeCHH, KPHBU YJIMIM, CO MJa-

INJIMBH KyKepKH, JIaMuu MW Ba OpOH3eHH KOmAHHKA pel, CTapHOoT Ka-
MeH MOCT — Ba UpBenukaByu Kpaua, Tlerap, Tarko, u AvseKkcanyap,
CHH — UITO culeno ruiexaa BO NpocjalutTe mom cede — BO OBO] NOuy-

\pHaT rpajl, rmageH 3a me6, yKOUeH OJ MOMeaHOCT M CHTHH MakocTH
Ha Oe3paOoTHaTa Yaplwinia, ceOw4uHa uw rpaOsmMBa BO GOecyOBeUHOCT.

TpeOame 2a NOMHHe HeKOe BpeMe Ta fa pa3s6epam eka Ky3mau e
y3peaH ipepaHo H eka TyYFHOT KHBOT He e MOTONeM Of OHA LITO My e

moTpeduo. (. ..)

YusuuaTa ciycTypaule, Oeuwle 6e3 HacTaHH uM jac ce cnpHjaTemMB
co Ky3MaHa, IpuMajKu ru momeKa HeroBuTe HaBHKM HM pa3Ovupama 3a
x*HBOTOT. My G6emle HocanHo Ma *uBee BO TpakoT, MOCawHO Mu CTaHa
HM MeHe, CaKaule fa Gera B AMepuKa HM WH4YHO Ma ce 3am03Hae CO
KpaJlioT Ha raHrcrepHTe — ro cakaB Toa u jac. AMepuka Hue ja 3Ha-

3eMja BO Koja npaBwata ce MevaiH cO OpOBHHH3H KH UBPCTH MYCKYJIM.

Bere Toa paj-3emja wito uecto Hé B spakau Ha CBOja TeMa,

Equa MOJpa Beyep, Ky3MaH MH IipHjae co Cjaj Bo OuHTe, MayKHa:
mpeky MOjaTa rmaBa HW Ce HaBefHa en MeHe.

— Mant oma!

— LIr0? — 3auyeHO MpaliaB He MOKejKH Wa TO pazbepam

— @ManHToMa, BO UIeCT YHHOBH, BO KHHO ,,Anouio‘!

— Anh HTOM Kewa JH e? — yjaMYuOAVUIHO ro morgenaB, PfoToR:

ada YY al neh 4mrv. aL vizti e eee AAV PAT ohn diyy a ain OAV ALCL DD, a ays

a TO OCyaM Ha CMPT NOCJeAHHOT ,,byOoBeH um.
Toj Me 4YKHa CO KaxKHNpcTOoT Mo YeNO WH pasBse4eHO CBHpHa

a

2a6H. -

— Bygana cu! Pantoma, 4yoBeK co MacKka Mpeky wMueTO. 7KuBee
BO NOA3eCMHH OMaH. CuTe ce mlaiaT Of, Hero.

YW HeouekyBako mpceasomKu

— Cakall au u Hue fa KuBeeMe BO TloAzemHH onan! Ke um mn-
WlyBaMe MicMa Ha myfero — HalpaBu Toa H Toa, uHaKy... A? (...)

oneKa ce pacnanypas. Tocnogap Ha nogsemun ofan! Ky3smax

HM jac, @aHTOMH, WITO NuWIyBaaT MHCMa Ha JyreTO uM OapaaT OF HB
“To cakaat! Beke ru ya6pojyBaB BO Cee myfeTO Ha KOM Ke HM THWIyBaM
Hu Ke ro GapaM OHa WTO cakamM ga Gapam. IIppo nucmo — 0 Makea
ii Ha Ana, 3aTOa WTO MH 3a6paHH wa Ce CpeTHyBa CO MeHe — ,,HJIM
KI@KHH Ha KOJienuun mpen Ana, uan,,.“, BTOpO — Ao Mmpodecopor
OM THMHa3HjaTa, RO KHjaBHdaBata »#*emKa TlonoBHK WH MaKOCHOTO JH-
peKTopue CO LPH BAAKHECT KBallpaT MOA OCTpHOT HOC. Ypa!

— A? — Mu ro mpekuua conot Ky3man. — LlTo Benn?

— 3Ham, camo Bo Cxonje Hema nOA3eMHH Oa. — OfFOBOpHB.

— Koj Tw Beau? Onan uma, jac Ke TH RoKaxKaM. TpeOa camo fa
Korame, A?

— A xkouKy Ke 2xuBeeme BO HUB?

— Kosky? — nakocuo u3Buka Ky3Man, Wupejku rH pallere. —
Ilen »xupot. Ke 3emMeMe opyxje H xpaHa, Ke cmpoBeyleme ctpyja. A?

— He moxam, — onropopuB TuBKO. — Jac HaBeyep MOpaM Oma
fla ce mpwHOupam, Taro mu e crpor. Ce ayrn.

— Ce pa36upa, ce pa3s6upa. — 6p30 nporopopu Ky3maH. — Ha-
Beyep Moma Ke cnveme. Ilog 3emja Ke »%xHBeeme caMo
Ba uaca. Cakau?

Hemamie CMHCJia NoTaMy

rem e iT I
Pan en eee a

Wuanpad

TT
LiOJI@Kd

a ce cnorofysaM Hu jac
AY3M aH oe ae BOSQHBHA, ja OAMepH eBojKats a
Kpaj Hac HW HcnpaKajku ja cO oun, MH ja npe@p aK pakaTa mpeky pamMo.

—_ lo6po Ytpe Ke KomamMe Camo HeMOj la CH mucHall 3a oBa

PAV pee BM PR EE EET NE sativus er a a

Yrpefeuta TO} Me mopege KON cBOjaTa yJiMia. SactanaBMe mpeg
eNHa KOJTa ABOKaTHHMWa, 3arpayena co ApBen MaoT. I]nanor 3a akwu-
jata KpaTko MH ro o6jacuH.

wa pe Oe a == Se oe wef em nee em ee
er [lasu, Ke BalesemMe B 36a. TaTKO Mi Hi Ka MH Ceé Had paooTa,

0 Maj
a [MeO MH e rope, HO HeMa wa He ye. [ays e. Camo na3H wa He
H

— TaTKO TH He Ke ce JyTH?

— Hema ma 3Hae. Hukoj He cmee ma 3Hae. Pa3Oupaui?
— Jja! — mnponenus, 3a4uyqeH Of HerOBHOT HepBeH U3rveL.
Toj mpeTma3JIMBO SHPHa HH3 CMBHOT MJIOT, NOTOa ja OTBOPH ZpBe-
HaTa BpaTaTa H Me MoBuleve BO ABOPOT, MOJIH CO OOCHJIEK H HEKOe XKOJITO,
CHTHO WBeKke. bp30 WOoTpyaBMe oO .H30aTa. Toj 3acTaHa MaJIKy, OCJly-
WHYBajKu, MoToa ce Nozrp6aBH KaKO Mauka, ja OTBOPH BpaTaTa OL
u36aTa H Me OyTHa BO TeMHHIaTa.

— Tuxso. Uekaj a 3aTBOpaM 3aJ Hac. ~

Buatpe Oellle TeMHO, a MHpHCallie Ha 3eMja HM UITaBeHH KOXH.
CroeB, He cmMeejkH 2a HampaBaM UHM efeH ueKOp, HeECHTypeH MeKa HeMa
a MafHaM BO ejleH OJ OHHe (PaHTOMCKH AYNKH 3a KON pacnpaBaile
Ky3mau. Bo opaa TeMHHIWa HMalve HEUITO Of, OHHE TAHHCTBeEHH (AJIMOBH
Ha Jlon Ulanej; HegocTanyBalle caMo no3HaTaTa rpaMO@oHucKa My-
34Ka OM KWHOTO, Ma BOs6yRaTa Ra Mu Ouge NoTMONHa. Sam MmeHe
3aTpenete MlaMeH OJ UikKopue.

— TuBko, — wenotemie Ky3may. — Mma mam6a. Ilouexaj ma ja
3anawaM,

Vi36ara Gelle wWHpoka HM MpenomHa co ApBa, Oypuia, BpeKku 4H
Apyrm ctapw nmpenmetu. Ky3mMan ja 3anamM maMOaTa u ja o6ecH Ha
KJIMHel, HA KAMeHHOT SUA. OcBeTIeH CO MpTOBeY¥KAa CBeTJOCT, TO} H3rse-
Jaule 6neq u HecnoKoeH. To co6sieue MOZpoTO MawJTo uM OCTaHa TO LO
Mojac. On cTrapoTo mpa3HO Oype H3Baqu Ba KoMaya, TeqajKH Me
BHHMAaTeJIHO.

— Ce mmaumMul? — THBKO, KaKO CaMMOT Ja Ce Wlaliu, mpaiia
MH MOJjane efeH Konay, — Semu. ,

To 3ef0B KOMayoT, He 3HaejKH WTO Wa mpaBaM co Hero. To}j
mloKaxKa KOH CAHHOT Kpaj. Ha U30aTa CoO rwiaBa.

— Tu Ke konaml Tamy, a jac opge. [Ipoxonyj aua6oKo, moz-
3EMHUTe Oaw UMaaT BJle3 OA OBaa 36a.

— A ako Hema ofaH? —-ce o6ecnoKOjyBaB.

— Konaj! — noyBukua Ky3may. — Hema BeKke wTo fla roBo

—_

pyMe.

IlnykHa BO WaHKHTe WH 3aMaBHa, He ryielajku Me Bexke. Konatle
6p30 MH CO CHaxKHO 3aMaBHyRalbbe. YRapute Of TBpAaTa 3eMja Tanto
om3ByuyBaa. Bo3squpuaB 4 To cTerHaB KonayoT. TlousaBMe fa Koname
He pa3roBpapajKu. Ospaa HempeaqBHaeHOCT Me pa3ouapa, KonaB 6e3
BOJIja, pasMHCJyBajKu WiTO Hallo’ y6aBo Ky3mMaH Bo NOA3eMHHOT XKU-
BoT. Ho komap, He CakajKu fa TO pasouapaM CBOjOT HOB MOJYHAON
CO KOTO CKJIONMB MpHjaTeJICTBO.

— [loyna6oxo! — yfopaysante 3anymteno Ky3mMan, wyuitejKu

eoiiiwu ra wave Git fLzl

HH3 HOC. [lomeka Me OOmeBalle MOT, ce JIaweule Ha KOxKaTa U Me OCBE-
xKyBawe. Ho WiaHkuTe MouHaa Ja Me OOuJlaT. SaocTaHyBaB MO MaJIKy
BO 3aMaBHYBalbeTO, HO He ja MpeKuHyBaB pa6otata. ,,A %#«HIaB CH

ce

TH... — ce ceKaBaB 3a 360poBuTe Ha Ky3mMaHa no Oopemero.

160

mi VY A CAV ade ¥ my ify ib way tu

- . Ii .
Ky3MaH, ce ucnpaBua u ro psu Konayot. Ilaiejkn wnrapa, roj me
HCHHTyBallle CO 3aMHM2KaHHTe OUH.

— Ce Kaeml Au?

au WikLe

Moxke6u 4 Ce KaeB, HO HejkeB Za CyM KyKaBulla mpeg Hero. Ce-
KaKO fO H3slaraB KOra PeKOB:

— He ce Kajam. Somro? Cam mpuctaHaB. Camo uma
3€MHU JIM?

— Onau, — Me nonpasu toj. — Mma, curypen cym. Yuire of
typcko Bpeme. Ultom cme nounane, ga 3aBpuiuMme. Uto Benum?

—aa Oxmopu ce Ma my! — CYBO TO npeKuva MoeTo pasMHCJTyBalbe

x

Guivy

— Jia 3aspuimme! — npH@atTuB, ceKaBajKu OoJIKa Ha JVJIaHKHTe.

IIpogowmKkuBMe a KonaMe. BuamkuaTa 3eMja TellIKO ce Ofvieny-
Balle, HO He nonyliraBMe. Mojata npBa Tellika du3uuka pa6oTa MH rH
3arpeBalle AJIaHKHTe, HO jac KONaB HM TO CJIeAeB ABMKeHeTO Ha MOjOT
3a WleCcT roquHH moctap Apyrap, co UBpcTa OAJyKa Wa He NOMyuWITaM.

Flonro KonaBpMe. HekowKy KBawpaTHH MeTpa BO jmaOounHa OF
noviMeTpo 6ea uspoBeHH. OyBpeme HaBpeme Ky3maH ja s36upalle
ZeMjaTa cO JOmaTa Hu ja dpwaie Bo efeH KOW.

— Jla npekuHeme, mpes0xKH TO}j.

Im cKpHBMe KonaunTe H JIonaTHTe BO 6ypeTo, ja H3sracHaBMe JlaM-
6aTa uM M3seroBMe Ha ysluua. Jlyro wullajKu ja wurapata, Ky3mau ru
KOWIKalie KaMelbhaTa pew ceOe HM Ce ycMeBalle HelpeKHHO.

— He Hajmopme. Cakall jm M yTpe fa Koname?

— He s3Ham, ako Ougam cuo6ogzeH. — HecurypHo ogropopue,
pa3MuCcJIyBajKH KakO Ja TO noKoge6amM fa ce OTKaKe OL OBO] au-
TOMCKH 2XKUBOT. (...)

YtpeweuTa pu GOsleloTO Tpenepete Ha JfaMOaTa, KOMaBMe BO
BulaKHaTa H30a MH ro OapaBMe BJIe30T Ha NMOA3eMHHOT cBeT. BecHo
3aMABHYBaB CO KONayOT UH FO NOTCHJYBaB jaTaKOT.

— Tlogna6oko, nogsaboKo, Ky3maue.

Toj eH wesaTa u36a je mpeopaBMe. OctanyBallle yulTe OHOj Aeu
MOKpveH co Appa. Ky3mau ro 6puuleule veloTo u HeCMOKOjHO rviefale
Ha [Be CTpaHu.

— Yuite opge. Jla mM mpemecTume JIM ApBata?

— Jleuecka?

— Tia... 64 MomxenO H yrpe. — THBKO OgroBopH Ky3mayH. —
TIpucranysaui?

Ytpegeuta, Kora BJeroBMe B 436a, KPHINyM KaKO M NopaHo, Npo-
CTOPOT KajuiTo 6ea ApBata Selle uHCT.

— Jia He Ce MaUHIll, ApBaTa CaM TH MpeMecTHB. — WHpoOKO ce
ycmusyHa Ky3man, npedpulypajku ro co6seweHoTo maJiTo npeky OypeTo.

Kontoto ja3svye Ha MaMeHOT Ce H3BUBAallle, KakO 2a Oapa usue3
Of CTaKJIOTO Ha 3auayeHata Jam6a. Ilo BulawKHUTe SHAMMITa Ha M30aTAa
Tpenepea Be rovJieMH CeHKW, 3AMaBHyBaa e4Ha Ha Apyra, Ce cyApyBaa
KakO a He KOMaat, TyKy ce Gopat. YaupaB co KOMayOT NO BJaxKHaTa,

HaOveHa 3eMja H ja cuJlemeB co Norsieq CeHKaTa Ha sumoT. Co cekoj

11 Macedonian grammar iol

3aMaB MM CTaHyBallle cé MOTeWIKO O MMCJlaTa eka MO*KeOu HW He
MOCTOH BuJle3 BO TOR3eMHHOT cBeT. AKO He MH Ce OCTBapH MWVJaHorT,
MOjaTa COHYBaHa OMa3qa, a cTaHaM @aHToMa HW fa WpaKkaM HCMa,
Ke pce Kako 6asonye of camyHuua. Ilak Ke ce BpaTaM BO KPHBHOT
KopcoKak, H aK Ke ce cyapyBam co Baxkymapa, areHToT HU CHBUTE
*KuTemM. Onppeme HaBpeme Ke ce cpeTHyBaM co cTyeHTHTe. Jac Ke
UM pacipaBaM Co (aTaJIMCTH4Ka CepHO3HOCT 3a CBOjaTa CMMCJIeHa O]-
Masa, a THe Ke Ce cMeaT, Ke HrpaaT OKOJy MeHe HM Ke Me 30yHyBaaT
CO UYTHH Mpaliiarha, Ha KOM G6ellle HEBO3MOXKHO a ce OToBopH. bap
4a MOKeB HeKaKkoO Ja ce u3ry6aM OX TOj 3aqyuwien MpaBoaro/HUk, Ka3aH
BO KO] Ce BapaT wyfeTO, HHBHUTe CTpacTH, MaKH H MaKOCTH.

— lLa-anr! — 3asBoHH HelITO NOX MOjoT Koma4.

— Croj! — pukna Ky3maH u mu uputpya. Me TypHa u ce Ha-
Bela; rH 3a6yla MouruTe mpcTru BO MeKaTa 3eMja, H NoOuHa a Kona
CO palle, 3aMylieHO, KaKO BO TpeCKa HUejKU:

— Toa e, Toa!

Ce HaBeyHaB Hail Hero. I]oq HeroBHTe mpcTH MOJIeKa ce mojaBy-
Balle OJ| 3€MjaTa rpHe, roo H Ma3HO Kako u36pHyueHa ruiaBa. Pa3o-
yapaHo [uleqaB BO Hero H Ce MYypTeB, JyT Ha OBaa HeOYeKyBaHOCT,
H Ha HeroBata OecmucyIeHa Bo3sbysa.

— Ito — toa e? Opa He e€ mog3emHa ysuua!

— Kaxksa yauua?

— Onaja! — ce nonpasBus.

— Kaxsa onaja! Uiro ropopum Kako gete? Ona wiTo 6apas, Haj-
nos. A TH MowuH...

Ce cmeemie HeKaKO e3HBO — CHTHO H CTapeuKH — Kako fla ro
WaBaT HeEBHAJMBU MpPcrH.

=e 80d. TOd Gn. | yegay..

Ky3MaH ro urna HW ro 3aTpece rpHeTo, MOKpHeHO cO 3eMjeH
Kallak, 3avielleH Ha OTBOpOT. OnHaTpe HeUITO 3aSBOHM CO CpeOpeH 3ByK,
Kako J[eCeTHHa MaJIM SBOHIA.

— Cuymaul sm? — UpBeH MH HCMOTeH iWywiKame Ky3mMaH Hw MH ce
BHecyBalle B wHue. — Curyuiaw? Toa wto 6apaBe HajmoBMe. A Tu
HeMO] Ja CH NCHA 3a OBA, rmaBaTa Ke TH ja uceuaM.

louem, cBeToJl KBaylpaT NOMHHa Npeky Hac H MaqHa Ha SupoOT.
Ha Hero cToelle BHCOKa CTpalllva CeHKa Co CTan B paka. CcbaTuB eka

Amn An Pep aieretaes ery ENT TE Teale eta te an era ae Lt PR PN ees RATT.

HeKOj ja OTBOPHJI BpaTaTa 3a Hac uM ce 3aBpTeB. Hu ce AoOmMxKyBallle
BHCOK, CyB CTapell CO NpeTma3JIMBH YeKOPH KakKO fla ce mwawMu a He
pa3s0yau xekoro. Iloq upHata wy6apa om jarMeuika Koka cBeTHaa
KOJITH OWN, TaKa CTPallHO TpKaJICCTH, WITO MeHe MH ce CTOPH eka

yea cesee iit’ Ap RSA ENN heey ava tteaw aba ~ weate

ce Of cTako. Belle HeH30puueH, co OeH MyCTaKH, BHCHaTH OKOWJYy
a a nee an Pee Sele OP FL EN Td ec et ete Niort Wes ay ye NEE ti guy fs Seer
ipHaTta liTpoa ycTa CO Oe TH YCHH. f Y3MaH oelwie SaHeECeH CC OTKDH-
€HOTO rpHe H He FO BHe, a jac He MOKEB Wa MY KaxkaM; ryiezaB BO
CTapelloT KaKO BO C€HUITe H He 3HaeB ITO MpaBaM, Kako fla ja usry-
64B cnocoOHocTa Ha roBopoT.

wheats VeVvpy

162

— Toa e, Toa e, Toa... — WenoTelie Ky3MaH, MepejKu ja B pale
JTe*KMHATA Ha IpHeTO.

CrapeoT 3aMaBHa H Lo cilylita cTamoT mpeky rpOot Ha Ky3mana
CO CTpauieH KPpHK Ha OleaquTe ycHH.

— Tywiraj, kyyemiku cuny. Mpoxaet e tyfuor not. Mpokdeto e.

He mouekaB fa ce 3aBpTH KOH MeHe. TO pauB KONaYOT u NO-
Tp¥aB KOH H3Jle30T, CO NOJHa PilaBa HejacHu H HcMpellereHH MUCJIU.
TpuaB cé WO SesH3sie3HaTa YJIMa CO 4YBCTBO JeKa CYBHOT IITpOaB
cTrapell Me rOHH B 4eKOp.

— Meuxa sm Te 6pka? — Me 3agpx%Ka AHOH UpH H co cayneH
HOC Of JleTHOTO COHIe.

SactawaB u Ce 3aBpTeB. 3am MeHe yaHUaTa Gewe mycta. Cpyero
jakKO MH Ovellle, a HeroBOTO Tpomame TO UYBCTBYBaB BO BpaTHUTe
KUM KH BO CJIEMOOUHHILHTe, MOKpHeHH CO MOT.

— ]la He Te 6pka areHTOT?

— He, — 3agypaHo onropopusB. — Taka, MM ce Tpya HW TpuaM.

(..)

MF 163

Mupe ce pa36yQu O KpaTKOTpaeH U HeMHPeH COH, COHJHBO ce
TipOTerHa BO MOcTelaTa HW TH MPOTpH HafyeHHTe UM 3allpBeHeTH KETKY
M HaeWHall Cpa, NoTKpeHyBajku ja mepHuuata. Jiuye1o Buac My :
pa3sBepu H 3aQCBOJHO ce pasBuieye BO yeMHBKa. Tamy, nog nepHua,
cu JlexKelle HOBaTa Mpaka HerHOHaTa, Taka KaKO WTO ja OCcTaBH CH-
tojKa mpea JierHyBarwe.

Hu3 OTBOPeHHOT MpO30pell ce TOYea MpBHTe CHOMja OA Oslarata
YTpHHCKa CBeTJINHa H TO rasiea no Auuero. Bo AyulaTa My MJiamue
HeEKOja He3—pxKaHa Bos0ysla, Kora ce ceTH WeKa MewecKa Ke ce OMurpa
pelureiuara OUTKa Co Aellara OM TYPCKOTO MaaJo. Ke 4M oKaxxke TOj
O [pyrapHte yOaBo, Ta HHKOrall BeKe Jla He HM TeKHe Ja MOjAaT ua
Fa3u0a6a uw ga 3acdyyat co mpakute! A nak Ha OHOj HanepHaTuor
Kemaa, WTO ce mpuv mpex cute CO ¥MpTaBOTO HOCJe, KaKO CaTKO Ke

NV 1a nach KONARAT ARA

~ava paciy yKa KOopaBaTa rapa.

ayrQrrr ory 7 Tom reo mr Aan zy 7x TyTFT4 marwrsy

Hemaiie Hen a fla He Ce CTeiaadT. Hus VYAKUUTE OFF TYPCKOTO MadJiO
‘He CMeellue 2a NOMHHE HHEAHO HalllMHye — ce 3Haelle WeKa Ke ro pe-
CpeTHaT H Ke Rojze CO 3MY4UKH MO YeOTO. A mocuie HCTO HM ce Bpakaltie
ua Typuutbata CO He MOMaJla CHMMHAa WM CTpacr.
UT

mW 32 n ara

TyVWiTH HHS BPpatTa. HazBo ro fipeweka

ORATTO WiTrTrma M n

Hemuen yuiTe, iviHipe Ce Ci
TpoOJIeTHHOT Ppa3BHrop HW NOUHA Aa CH WFpa CO HeroBaTa nde KOCd.
Kora, cTraCa Ha ete HacoOpaHutTe OX NopaHo ApyrapH Fo 3a00n-

‘ armewtaa BO Hero, pacTpenepeuHH WH

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e€ e a, I
pactiakaHHTe OUH My Ce CHHeeja 2Be roviemMH Mog”puun. Mupe my ce
cBpte: ,,UITo TH e Toa, Crome?“

Crome 3amouHa HH3 COJI3H fa pacipaBa », HHOKa Me NpatTH MajKa
eT ATIEKO Tew mevuavaa ua roinern Anara aA owunry wuparuy ve
MH MO MJI€KO. tHe Me jipeuekaa Ha KOWECTO. AMA bez MHOry, HHaAKY Ke

MM l0KaKeB yOaBo.“ :
Mupe cTerHa BHJIMIIH HW Ce 3aBpTe Ha ApyxuHuHatTa: ,,Ke um mlaTuMe
u 3a Toa! HaOpastre mu KaMetba?“

164

Tue My MoKaxkaa CO paKka Ha KyN OeqH TpKane3sHH KaMUHIba,
naOpauH of Bapazap.

TypuHibata ylite rH HeMalwe. Beme pao. Herpnenueto Ha pelata
pactTele u ru Tepalie 1a KOpHaT OM TpeBaTa, He 3HacjKH WTO Apyro
a mpaspat. Haoxony cé Geuie THXO, caMO Of lawleKy, OTKaj MaaJIOTO
neeja Meta.

Haenual, omHeka

We, OTKaj rpamor ce pa3Hece MucOK Ha dabpu4-

1

j nO
KHTe CHPeHH, BHejKH MOTO uw cTpawHo. JipyxuHata ce 3riiema 3a4y-
meHo Mery ce6e. Iiiro mH e cera opa? Kora nucoKoT 3ampa, 0 HUB
Honpe oAManeyweno Oyyelbe Ha aeponmaHu, OTMpRO nOocma6o HM HejacHo,
a mocuwe cé nocHJIHO HM noOmHcKy. He6oTto HaegHall MOTeEMHE OF MHOTy,
HeOpoeHoO MHOry WPHH TOJIEMH aeponwaHH H, TOralll, Ha CHTe CTpaHH
ce pa3sHece MyKOT, BO3ZYXOT 3aCBHUpe, a OJBpeMe HaBpeMe 3eMjaTa
TaTHelWe GI CrpalinH ekcnno3HH. Mcnaamien Mupe egsaj craca cpen
TO] TaTHeK H TpecOK a HM JOBHKHE Ha Apyrapute: ,,Jlexete!"

Hekoja crpauiHa cla rH TpecHa of 3emja. Co mpxvtaen 3H8
Jexea Ha pocHaTa 3emja a cpllaTa HM TyMKaa KaKO Ha Mpensmawenu
BpanuHta. Cero Toa He norpaja MuHory. Ilo Hekoe BpeMe OyyaBaTa Ha
aepoOnJlaHuTe ce Offaneun-H ja CHeMa.

Enen no efeH MoTKpeHaa rilaBa H 3aMeJIYWeHH Of crpaB norJe-
faa okoay ce6e. [payor Gelie 3aBHTKaH BO OO6aUH OF Yad UW npauinna
H HaOKOy ce WHpewe MHpH3Ma Of 3ananeHo. OW Toa ru oTprHa
MUCKOTOT Ha %Ke€HH H Wella OM AONy, OA MaanlaTo, WTO Ha KyNYHHa ce
pa3s6eraa NO NaTOT WTO BOA KOH CellaTa BO MlaHHHaTa.,

Mupe HHKakO He MoxelWe 2a pa36epe wTO ctaHano. Majxa my
MoTpya Of0340Nla KAKO H3yMeHa, CO pacdopweHH KOCH, 6oca Hu HeO-
oOleveHa, FO 3rpam4uH H TO NpHTHCHa KOH Ce6e CH, TpecejKH ce WemaTa
KakO pat, a OA O4HTe H Kanea com3H. HewiTo ro 3aqaBu BO rpjOTO u
He My flame 2a mpo360pxH. Camo nocstyuwIHO NoTpya Ho Hea.

IIo natoT ce Touelle Aoura, OecKkpajHa BpBoauua. PKenu, pela,
CTapH Jlyfe, HaTOBapeHH CO NOCTeJIM, aMWUTa H YerpH, NpenwalWieHH u
sanoTreHH Oeraa KaKO mpeq HeKO] yxKac, HeKO] HeEBHAeH Mocera crpas.
Mupe oeuie Opry Kpaj majxa cu, He npawiajku HUTy eqHall HM Kaze
OMaT HH 30WITO a BO yIHTe HempecTaHo My Opyellie OHO] TaTHeEK H ro
Tepalle OBpemMe HaBpeMe a ce 3aTpece KaKO rpaHKa Ha BerTep. [o-
Kpaj Hero MomMuHa Kemasi CO MajkKa MY H ABeTe CeCTPHUviba; WH THE
Taka MpeniawenH Op3aa no natot. M Koj 3Hae 30WITO, OBO] maT He ce
normeqaa HanopeukH, KaKO HeKOralll.

A HekoJIKy jleHa mocue, Kora MpecraHa onacHocta, Mupe u uero-
BHTe Nak CH ce BpaTHja Joma.

Kako crpauleH COH TexKelle CNOMe€HOT HA OHO] eH. CO MeHOBH
Mrpe HemMaule CHIH Wa u3me3e OF OMA, ce Mawiewe OR TYFHHCKHTe
BOjHHIWH WTO 6ea Haolle OHO] AeH BO rpagoT. Ho, eAuawl, Kora ja
qwouy BpeBaTa Ha Apyrapure, WiTro BerepoT ja HOcelwe Of Manexy, Mupe

Coa mpectpallyu wy manraTrwsa wawn aa HAR an TA TINOOTYRA TNHroA WO
veo iiperelp aulyb Yi Lie Md, NAY od iipp iad Aa Ip Ay Day, aps ALA EMA

puyoT. Magky nO MaakKy Ce OCNOOOAN 4 3anMWwa CO OTBOpeHH rpadi.

165

a ce WHHellle KaKO [la MpeJiexKaJl HeKOja TelliKa, Nowra 6ovlect, a cera

Trt waine trannk Nap OKOJIV ATITA nawrra TY Ores QD +.
I ajAe HaCOopahHh OKOJIY Cia rpyiia Of OHHe BO]

HHUM, JbYOONUTHO 3arsieqaHv BO FOJIEMHOT TON, ITO ro uHCcTea BOjHH-
uure. Iloneka ce qo6mmxK Bo aus. Hexomuuna ce CBpTea, TpemHaa of

NanoctT u Wak TWoHanaJDKH1a Wa TrrIenaagTr jWoonna eKYV KOH HHHWHTEe,
r os 3 7 el ae Weesnan alps rau 4 vstws4etia SLI BAMA eect Sia BWwaad BO ji
TIM” A Qnghanaoan Fg a a on et ort et epa30pak ra K
tiTO CH 300PpyBaa HeliTO Mery Cebe Ha Tyr HEepa3z0paH ja3HK

Iloreue cera apyr, HOB, TexKOK xMBOT. To cHeMa OHA B Becesl0 Tpu-
Kalbe 10 pHAOT; CMypTeHOTO wMIle Ha Tepmanunte ja pacTepa u Nompauy
uuBuata pagoct. Hemiro HenoBpaTHO CH OTHAe, Ce CBpUIH — ceKaBaure

Maupe u Cakallle 2a 3amviaue.

Een jeu MpHKBeyep OM TYpCKOTO MaaJiO fompa MHCKOT, Kako
Kora Ke yMpetiie HeKO}, Haopry ce pasopa; TaTKO My Ha Kemawa, wITo
Oelle OTHJeH yillTe npex OHO] Men BOjHHK, ro oTenane Tepmanunte u
HeMa a ce BpaTu Beke. )Kam ro ctucHa Mupeta. Cera Kemaa my ce
CTOpH TOMKY OH30K 2a TO] ANa6oKO BO AyWlaTa peumM a ce NomMupA
co nero. A cTpalliHo ru Hampa3sH TepmManuuTe, rH HaMpa3sH OJ, QHOTO
Ha fyllaTa WH Ce 3apeye feKa Ke MM Baca 3a Cé, 3a TAaTKO My Ha Ke-
MaJla, 3a pacCTepaHaTa payoct.

VM xkora mo Hekoj aeH ro Buge Kemasa Mefy HacoOpaHuTe fena
okouy TepmMaHiure, KaKO CO CBHeHH Ber Mpa4Ho ruleqa mpeq ce6ecu,
Mupe ce go6uwxKU WO Hero H TO 3arnema OTCTpaHa. Kemas ce cBpte
M ro w3arsieqa co 6oeH Norse.

Ce ctemuysBalle. JlemaTa eHO 0 Rpyro ce mpu6upaa moma. Mery
mocweqHHTe ocTaHa Kemaus, KOjlwuTO Mowe KM W cO HaBejleHa rviaBa
2a0p3a Hanoy MO puoT. uD MotTpya ‘mo Hero. Kora HaceTH eka
HeKOj ORH m0 Hero, KeMaa rv 3a6p3a weKopuitTe uM He Ce HM CBpTe.

» Kemal TO NOBHKa THXO.

Toj mak MpofowKH 2a on u efBaj Kora Mupe ro yonpa no
DaMOoOTo, BacTaHa H ce CBDpTe.

Lt aM yy VR AA fe

Kemal, la ce npoctimMe. Ere, Tue TH ro OTeMaa TaTKO TH, HU

moKaxa KoH TepmMaHiiute, co nore NOH Ompa3a.

Kemal HHUITO He peye, CAMO O7| OKOTO My Ce CTpKaJla cou3a.

Mctata HOK ABe ceHKH ce BJuleyea M0 PHOT, CO Ja3erbe, KOH rep-
MaHCKaTa KapayJla. Belle mycTo H CaMO JlaJleK i
pale roulemaTa CeHKa Ha CTpakapor.

Tlo Hekoe BpeMe Of TaMy Ce NOKaKa MpBO MaJeukKO OrMvHye
cé floBeKe HapacHa H 34 KPpaTKO BpeMe BHBHA CHJIeH NwiaMeH H ce
U3BHWIH BHCOKO BO HeOoTO. HaemHalll puwoT ce HCNOJHH CO TPpecoK,
eKCIJIO3HH H AHBU BUKOTHHUM of Tepmanite, WTO ce HacOoOpaa OKOUJIY
MO2Kapor.

cevliaTa BO IWlaHHHaTa, 3aWKWeHH OFF See H a ae Onepene 4 Ha-
B e

anwia

166

BO MOXxO,L
Betepor Kako GeceH TM BUTKalue OFoJieHHTe pak, KpeBallie Kyn-
WHiba PHIM, nonafanu wuCja u rH nuleTKalle BO HOZeTe OA GopunHTe.

Konouata TelWUKS ce mpo6 Heane veo MpakKorT. Tone TreKopemie Ha IATTIN

Of, KOJIOHATAa, CO HaBefleHa IJlaBa, HanupajKu ce Ha TH 3a0pexKH CHII-
HHTe HaJieTH OJ BeTeDOT, WITO KaKO 6paHoBU ce yAupame BO Hero.

Wara an Mall LU YA OpunryartTa TAT ry anhnovran Ye qek HTE, WATOWATA
A\VIaAa va Wid inh y Oo Viryip Liv, iv) Lx vyavpyypa KO MvvIVind sce

Oop NO Hero HHCTHHKTHBHO Tprale co 3acuseH Mapu. Ilo MpayHOTO
He6o, OJBDeMe HaBpeme Ke 3acBeTellie MeCedHHa HM OCBETJIYBallle KYIH-
WiTa UpHH, TeWIKH O6sauH. ;

Tpu feHa @ KOJIOHaTa BO NOXxog.

Tone MarauBo ce CeKaBalle 3a nompobuoctTute of Oopbata, Kora
okony O6puragara ce saTerHa o6pauoT Ha HeNpHjaTcJicKka oan3uBa.
ZI 5 ja la NOTYIWH oan ul i UCTHOT 4ac Ke ro MpHtTucHele, Tone

pot cé ofeka octTpa (pusnuKa OodiKa
He TO Fecee VW cenax ane “ OHHTE HenpecTaHo MY HCKpCHyBaLic
McTa CJIMKa, ro nedellle CNOMeHOT Ha TOj 4ac. Once of 6purazata,
HeropaTa ueTa Wea eH ce mpoOuBalle HH3 3acefuTe, 3a Wa ce. McTpra
HeKaKkO 0 MpaKOT. OTTOralli 3a HMB, ABaecTHHa OOpUH, KOJKY WITO
OcTaHaa Of WelaTa vera, 3am04Ha OBOj NMOXOA BO HeM3BeCHOCT, 3a
KOJUITO HHKOj He 3Haellle KaKO Ke Ce CBDUIN.

IIo Hero KoOHaTa Ce NOBMBallie BO TaKkT CO BeTepoT, WTO Hanu-
pale co cé norosiema cumuHa. Toj ro ceKaBallle 3am CceOe TellIKOTO,
YMOPHO AMUlehe Ha npBHOT Oopel 4 NOTCBeCHO fH Hamperalive cuTe
CHJiH, 34 fa He moTKsIekHe. KjalenkHTe My TexKea KaKO HaJleaHH CO
OJIOBO, a HOseTe eABaj FH MOMeCTYBallle HH3 KYMNHMWTAaTa M3rHHeHH
gucja. Camo fa u3apxKat cumu. Bo HeroBu patie cera e HHWKaTa WTO
rH ApxH OopiuTe H akO TO] AONyiiTH Wa ce CKuHe, cé Ke Geille 3ary-
6eHo. Henpujatesor WemHeellle He KaKO NOpaHO HH3 WeBKHTe Ha MHTpa-

we3uTe 3am ceKoja WymMKa, TYKy cera yulTe nocTpamien ce Byleuelle
KaKO fipW3paK NO MajiaTa KOAOHA HW Ce Orsefailie BO PiaqHTe of6se-
cOWM BO OUMTe Ha KanHaTuTe Oop

Berepot MaJIKY CTHBHA.

KouioHata omkuBe H Tofie ceTH Kako HelliTo Aa ce omsecnu. Tan-

CaHata cHara Oapallle NOUHKHOK. eee eka CHarata my Oelue

TeKHaNa TOIKY WTO IPH MpBOTO 3anvpalbe Ou ce cTpynomHaA Ha 3emja

Homro He G4 MOMKed Ma crane.
Yuite ucTaTa HOK Tome Gellie pelieH Ma ro npemuHe Bapmap

i

TaMy nocwie Ra Ce NOBpse CO APYrHTe eC AYRE. 3aroa TOj VIOpHTsS

YekKopelle Halipey, NO MaTeKaTa, NOCJIaHa CO OKamaHHu WHcja WM CO payoctT
ceKaBalle feka U APyrutTe HalhtbaaT CHJIM Ma OfaT NO Hero.

Onrrern WOR TNATOT Ca ANNCTUPHAM SE Wrunnawa eOQHH FIAYTATIA nO
SAVER) AE AAC, RE LEU ria dur PUG JIC LY. d, noK pHeua LY

tpepa. Hu43 MpaKoT, Ha yMOpHHTe oun of Toseta, TpepaTa My ce 4H-
Helle KaKO BOHM OpaHOBH, JIeCHO HMWIKaHH Of BeTep. Bo cBecta My

Fi PU IAL: ae

HCHJMBa AasieqehH CHOMell: Wpeys BOjHaTa Taka TO} ce ocTaBallie CoO

1am
LUE

KawueTo a ro HOCcaT
eu. Jlaneky ocTaHa

Ke

3epCcKHTe OpaHoBH, Kora
HO TO

HOK
Ke Ce-BpaTH, HW TOj Mak Ke ce fyiITH co
e3epo, Ke TO HOcCaT OpaHOBHTe, a TpagutTe Ke My & umpar, HMpat.-
3

all Hero OWHeHaelll KOMOHATA ce CKMHa. Toe HHCTHHKTHBHO ce
3allpa, HcnJlalieHO ce cBpTe H BeyHalll ce 3aTpya Mo ceHKaTa OW efeH

4 9 SawesveCessawiay oeGaae aH 4a ahcnGn &

60pel, wITO Opry ce cmyuiTalie Hafomy KOH AefuHata. Kora ro Ha-
CTHrHa, OBOj CToellie NpHKJIeKHaT Haj, TpeBaTa, ce BeyHellle CO rpcToBH
KaKO a Upnu Bojla 4 rH Eee eae no yctata. My npujaze u 6naro
ro fonmpa fo pamoto. Bopenor ce HH CBPTe H MpOOJOKH HeCBeCHO
a ce HaBeHyBa HM Ja CpKa co yerara Of paliupenute rpcrosu. Toraul
Toye cHsJIHO ro 3aTpece 3a paMeHHWH HM ro noBuKa, ,,Jipyxe, cTany]!
He cmeeme Ja c ;

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= enon TARmarTT

a“

i
a ce meTnra ray ra ce WANMASTY @ HO Tanna roy
Ce nCTpid H Wak fla ce HaBefHe, GO ou ORe 19

a
3rpandH CHJIHO 3a. paMeHHUH H My ja CTerHa pakaTa, cé ZoseKa TOj He
H3BHuKa O2 OomKa. Ce 3armema BO Hero co cpyect, H3sry6eH noriey u
THXO UcuuMose, ,,.Jpyxe Kom fecap, MyliTH Me Ma ce Hanujam yllte
Magky. Muory, mHory Mu ce nue.‘

Toye ro nperpHa mpeky paMo u ro noBeye Harope Kase WTO Apy-
rapute cToeja AONpaHu AO ApBjata, co o6opeHH [AaBu MW NOTHCHATU
OR OHA WITO ce ORNTpa pe HUBHNTe oun. ComanMBo Norsiezaa KOH
cBojot Apyrap. A Toj 3a4yfeHO ru H3rviema CHTe Ha pea H HaefHalll
PaMeHHIMTe My ce 3aTpecoa H TOj 3a/iuna Ha rac.

KonoHata ro NpoosoKu CBOjoT mat.

MeceunHata ce mpoOuBaule cé nopeke. Hu3 O6nauuTe H UM Fo
OocBeTAyBallle NaTOT co Osieqa BUgemMHa. Bo TullMHaTa ce HOcellie Mek
TYNOT OM CTanKHTe Ha OopuuTe M WIYMOT Ha NOcMeAHUTe WMCja WTO ce
ponea Of jipBjaTa KakKO JOxXAOBHU Kanku. OA MaseKy, cocem THXO,
Bee HIyMOJee Ha PeyHH BOY, WTO CaMO HalipernaT CJryX MO-

ie a ro Hauye.

as 6mmxKemle Bapgap. Tome co menoT nponece Hu3 KOJIONaTa,
Alenhcs IuxO

Toj ce 06

Ve

Vine Hom Yac H mpeq ouuTe My HCKpcHaa rycTH BpOaun. A HHS
HaBeJeHHTe rpaHKH Of BpOuTe ce 3a6esea, 3aCBeTKa Ha MeceuHHaTa
peuHata Boa.

On naneunnHa monpe KonOoT Ha weNegHuUKU TpKama. 3a uac 60n-

A pA a ew Bkn eS PAM Aap She R Nee ERR SER eh kas Bande 20 SP

WHTe ce NpHkKpuja 3a BpOawute u ce NpuTanja. Cé nmojacHo OsmxKerne
KMONOTOT Ha TpKaiaTa HM ce Melilallle co OyyerheTO Ha peuHUuTe Opa-

HoBH. Co LIyM u oyEo ce NpoTouu Aoura KOMNO3HINja Of HaTOBapeHH
goa M, NOMHHAa mocnenyo NOKpaj HYB, a mocne ce onmaneuw U

“AA SSES H ws hee ww pe aaa 9 aw 4244
ereaarie Bpeme 3a ryOerme. Tome 3eme co ceOecu mABajila Of Apy-
raputTe HW nojme HH3 peKaTa a pasrmiena oTKaye NowecHoO Moxe fa Ce

AWWA Wa mnurunt A Hanonv DONAUTKA fot etii wana

MHHe £aua Ar? rivet oper. eae ALY 9 pet Kata 6ellie AIV/iid EiCly Ww ws ceKazze
OTBOpeHa H HMallle OMacHOcT Ja OUWaT OTKPHeHH OF HeNpHjaTesoT —

OR OmMCKaTa %Kesle3Hu4Ka CTaHHIla Wapellie petbieKTOp HH3 mpyratra.

120
L006

He TipeocTaHyBallle HHUWITO OTKOJIKY Ha Ce MHHe OF TaMy, 3a, Bp6a-
HWHTe, KaweulTO BOAatTa 6eule Op3a HM BHPOBHTAa.

TA aa jp PNNaMAITIO Aa Nane war TATA AnAToeTnNaya s8afeTe a

¥1 TOKMY ce cipemMaile Ada fdfie 3HaK, KOra OTCTPaHa 3a0eQJienKa
efHa rpyna Oopun KOH HEHITO Ce pacihipaBaa. Tome ce HOOMH2KH JO HHB.
Cute B MHr 3aMOuJ4ea, a KpyroT ce pacTBOpH. Hacpeze cTroeme 3aQrJie-
TI ATIMH nn 75 Tr PRON TIIT TIM A Tr aAfa manmrrnar T7anNA Tlarra n m9 ma mT.
AdHa BO CHa TOUKA Tipe@ Ceve li4pTH3aHKdTd vit€Hd, da CJid0aTa CHaYr
H moTpenepyBallle e1Baj BHAHO.

,lllro uma, ApyrapH?‘ 3anpaiia Toj, TpywejKH ce riacor a My

e cnoKoeH. Bo Aymata ro KocHa HeUlTo..

Hukoj He my ogroBopu. VM toxmy wiTo caKallle 2a ro NOBTOpH Mpa-

WWateTo, a JleHa HaegHalll KpeHa TJlaBa M ce CBpTe KOH Hero H Mporo-
BOpM co Tyf, 3apuunat ruiac, ,,He, jac He MomKaM. Ocrajte me. Ogere

©

> 292 a5 fit

Bue, IpyrapvH, MeHe He Me rsiefajTe.“’ — NMOBTOpH HeKOJIKYy TaTH H3y-
MeHO, a BO YKOUeHHTe OUN- Ce UMTale yoKac.

Tone ja daru 3a OOeTe ‘palle HM HU Ce 3armeaa BO OYMTe YNOpPHTO.
»Y CHOKOj ce, JleHo, HHUITO Hema. Aje co Hac, He Ce Naw, HM NoTpr-
HyBajKW TM HacTpaHa pyrapuTe uM Opuulenua: ,,[Ipumaszere Ha Hea.
He ja ucnyuitajTe of Buy.“

TlomHoK ofaMHa GOeule 3aMHHaTa.

Tome 3ara3v Mery MpBuTe BO MeHJMBUTe H pa3s6y4yeHH BOAM Ha
peKaTa, MeceuHHaTa ce CKpH 3af| OOlak HM Ce 3aTeMHH, a ocse, elBaj
KaKO HacoHe ce NpuceKasallle wITO craHa. HaeHalil HeKoja cua ro
srpanuu, ro 3aBsieue Hawouly MW CeTH KaKO BOaTa ce CKNONH Hay Hero,
HelITO TO CTerHa 3a ryllla H He My Jaye HM Ja ce u3qMuIM. CBecTa My
paOoTeule 3a6p3aHo. Co rojieM Hanop Ha MOCWeqHUTe CHM Ce H3qMrHa
Hay, Bofata. WM Bo ucTHOT yac Hpem O4NTe MY H3se3e CTPalHa CIUKA;
HaokOJy pasOecHeTaTa CTHXHja TH Tpakalle 4YOBeMIKHTe Tela, a 3ropa
Hal OpaHOBHTe IWIMBaa PaHHWM M WeNOBM OF amuulTra. Ha6sm3y 3a uac
ce mOKaxKa OA BOaTa efHa vOBellIKa rilaBa HM Hampe momayenu srp-
ueHM palle W mak ja CH€Ma NOM MeHJIMBaTa BOs.

CeTto Toa cTaHa Bo egeH mur. Hero ak ro 3aBede BUTAOTO.
SanouHa ouajHa, Womra Oop6a. Hu3 HokHaTa THIMHAa, CO WIyMOT Ha
pa3japeHuTe OpavoBu ce Melllaa KpHKOBH, Of Kou Tose uctpnna: ,,[Io-

maratral a Tanya
ive ai ayiv. wee MaDe...

Toj aac He MOKelle 2a HM MOMOFHe.

Kora u3je3e Ha JpyrHoT Oper, TpenepejKu OM YTPHHCKHOT CTyZ
HW MpexKHBeHHOT yxKac, Toe Mosro BpeMe He MORelwe Wa ce mpH6epe.
Eyeu m0 effeH ce H3BuIeuyBaa OF BOaTa Oopuute. To} HecnOoKOjHO rue-
jaile BO HHB HW — Ha Heros yxxKac, JleHa je HeMaule. A 3aeMHO CO Hea
HW yuiTe JBajua Apyrapu. Toj THXo BUKHa HeKOJIKY MaTH, HO HHKO] He
ce o73Ba. Kako TpelllTeH: ce CMYWITH HH3 peKaTa.

TfojeKa ce pa3qeHyBaue. On BOReHHTe aHITa Ha OopmuTe ce
KpeBallle rycTa nypeBa. Cute Movuea.

Sapocu 7oxL.

Toe CTerHa BUJU, 3a Ra He 3auHla Of OonKa w Wale 3Hak 3a
moKpet.

SEMJATA HA NIAHKA BHCEPHH

Tpu JeHa ce BDTKalle OKO Hero yvon6allu AHJIOH, OTEKakO I

ree Awe Pa ee BNE eee Og aE AM ets felt

‘CeJICKHTE Kone peHMH mona a “ce 360pyBa 3a arpapHata pebopma,

3a 3emjata. [lanko BucepvuH Of TOj ac, oTKOra HaceTH feKa uopOba-
Wujata — y Koro ABaeceT H HeKOJKY TOAMHM padoTellie H He Yy TONON

3

YOBeLIKH 3600p — cera HaefHalll CTaHaJI MeK, OffaseKy cO cMea ro
mo3qpaByBa, ce 3anwpa ako ce cpeTHaT Ha maT H ro pacipallyBa ae
3a flewaTa, Ze 3a Apyro HellTO — of Toj uac IlanKo co TpeneT ro

yeKallle JeHOT Ha ceJIcKaTa pagoct. Tp meHa KakO CeHKa ro CJeAH
Ha ceKOja CTallKa, Kola BO HeroBaTa flyllla CO OHO] AykaB NpoHHseH
norjeq, a TO] He cMee AypH HH 3a YaC Ja ro nordieqa — kora Of fa-
Jieky Ke My Ce MepHe Mmpe O4H cé riela HeKaKO Ja ro OAMNHHE, 3a a
He ce cpetuaT. A HO CesioTo ce HOCellIe Beke rmac Meka 3eMjaTa Ke HM
ce apa Ha cupomacute. Payoct ru o63uMalle syfeTO OHAaKa KaKO
mpe BaeceT u TOMKYy rojunu, Kora TlaHko BucepHu ce Bpatu of
BOjHa, 3a Ja 3ax%KHBee HOB KHBOT Ha OCTaBeHaTa G6eroBcKa 3eMja. Cera
Hema a cTaHe KakO HeKOrall, Ha 3eMjaTa 2a ce HaMeCTH HOB Pocno-
Map, Kako uopOaum AHOH, WTO 3a BpeMe Ha BOjHaTa ro Hemalle
Hukane. Cera 3eMjaTa Ke ja oOve onOoj WTO ja paOoTu.

Taka eflHalll MpHkBeyep yopOalnjaTa ofmameKky ro sayeKa u To
3anpa Kpaj nmuoT. IlaHko uctpnua, a cplleTO My 3aTymKa HecnOKOjHO.
Ja Mowellle TOj uac 3eMjaTa a ce OTBOpH, Ma To CHeMa, Aa mponamHe,
CaMo ja He TO CeKaBa Ha ceOe TOj JyKaB, CTyeH Norse WTO Kako
OCOjHHWa MY HaBeBa CTpaB BO jyllaTa. YuITe moBeKke Ce CBH, HaBejle
1jlaBa WH 3arpe6a CO OMHHOK MO CHeroT, YeKajKH CO cTpaB WTO Ke My
peue. A Toj cTerHaT BO HOBH IUWlaeuHH aJIMITa, 30paB, CO CBeTHaTH
4YH3MH WM acTparaHCKH Kavimak, ro OAMepH 3a4ac HM MOCJIe 3arOBOpH CoO
caMoyBepeH rulaC WH CKpHlweH mof6uB: ,,E, miro uma HoBo, TlaHKo?“

»tinmiro, enerHa TlayHKo paMeHHH.

»JeMjaTa, CyM uys, Ke HH ja 3emaTe? Cayulaj, jac Wiro Ke TH
peuaM, NpotTerHa TOj paka KOH Hero, ,ocTaj] ce TH Of Toa. He ru Prule-
Maj OHHe Mp3JIMBILK u HepaHuMajKOBILH. Tontapi. XM, MMCJMI semja
Ke HM Jjayjar. Betep u Marvia! Tlak Ke AojfaT OHHe O3ropa H — WTO
cme HanpaBHie? Koj e u3maraH — nak Bue. He Tu Tpe6aaT Tede T
_ paodotu.“

TlaHko MoJluellie, He 3HaejKH Kako Ja ce of6pann. Bo aylmata my
BpHelle Of jaa H OecHaHe.

,llocae, mpoqomKu TOj, ,,KOj 3Hae wTo OunyBa. Ke ru ompee
BeTepoT H oBHe. M wito cme HanpaBusie? Camo KjaBaj CH rpeB Ha
Aywa. TH Bedlam — He TH Tpe6a. A uw rocnog uMa,“ H KpeHa MpcT
Harope.

»lla... Taka cu e...‘ mpompmMope IlaHko Hu3 noc. ,,Ama, mak..
WipaBo JIM €... TOJIKY 3eMja...“ ezBaj CTpKaJla mpeky ja3HK MH BO HCTHOT
Yac, HCMwMalWweH ce NoKaja.

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170
wiv

»beTep H Marvia!‘‘ ce BxXelITH YOpGayHjata H 3amMaBTa CO pale.
imam. Cym cneyaaun. AMa Toa e Moe, Moe, MecsuL A co Koe mpaso,
KaxKH MH, Cera C0HM HHKAKBM, TOTApH, | CakaaT Ja MH ja 3eMaT 3eM-
ja ata? TH CH BHAeu HM OUIO Om MeHE? Ey We6oT Ke Te KOJIHE uiTO CH
To ja Kaj MeHe. Kora Ke pewiHul HeUITO, MOMHCAM CH Maiky.”

Tlanko ucruna. Ce BUpBe BO MpaKOT. OrKako mMoMojua MauKy,
SHHWEH OFF WyTHHa, qopOai AHAOH Ha OjJL€rbe Beke AOMate: yl cam
3Haelw Jeka jac CyM ja pa6oten 3emjata. MW Toa Ke ro Kakelll Tamy.
ute. Mucau my.‘

_e asks

woo. RAARA WVRATISA wrrsars wns AWA T FWA TAs

¢
Tlanko enBaj cela KpeHa riaBa u ja ionpatTH co orvieyq rowemMatTa,

H3 7 HiWH AAadOKO Hu ucnpeKHHAaTO H WY Kako HeKOja Te*xKuHa Ta M
Mi og toj uac, [lanko. bucepuu Hemalle Mup.

Hamecto Kako ceTO cefO Ma ro ueka OHO] rosIeM eH co PagoceH
TpenerT, Tanko NOHEKOr alll CKPHINHO BO AyliiaTa Cakalle fear HU-
Koraul Ja He ce pa3zeHu TOj eH. Ce 3aTBOPH BO ceOecH, MOUHa a
era Of JyfeTo, @ ROMA 3a HHITO TYKY Ke it MpHBHKa Ha 2keHaTa WH
Ke HcTema HeKoe of gelatTa. Hoke ro Maueuie Geconutia. Kako BO TDpe-
cka ce TpaKallle Ha NocTesiata, Oamauie WH MaBTallie CO pale KakO Ja
‘ce OpaHH OF HeKOja crTpalliva, HevecTHBa cua. A Kora WouHa, mpen
30pH, Ha MOPHHTe KJielIKH Ke MY AOjfele CoH, TOj ce ruegaiie cebe cu
BO CTPalJHH, HEMHPHH COHHUITa: HCMHeH, ca6, CO NoceqHH CHIH, ce
mleTKaue BO majakoBa Mpexka — Toj ce Tpra, ce Opaun, HO cé noBeKe
Mw WoBeKe ce 3anuieTKyBa BO Mpexata. M eeH orpoMeH, HaOadpeH OF
MCWUHWaHaTa KPB HeroBa, CTpallleH Majak, NoAaBawe Oe3s6poOjHu NHNKH,
3a Ha My ja 3eMe H AyuratTa. WM ce 3acmMepaule, ce KieliTelie, rpo3Ho.

Co Taa TpeBora, co Toj Hemup, IlaHko Bucepvu ro Wcueka JeHOT.

Bee couyes deppyapcku sev. IlaHKo ce pa36yqH AoWHa nocJe
KpaTKOTpaeH COH, CTaNa KaKO WITpeKHaT, KakO Kora HampoueT Ke ce
zabaBelle 3a opathe. Hu3 mpo3oper Nafale Ha MocTesa CHON COHYeBAa
CBeTJIHHa H Neuewle KakO MaamMeH. CefAHaT Ha MocTesa, Toj Moro rue-

mame nmpex ce6e uwoHe MuCHeWe HALITO Harpnauw ena woann KOU nat
Maule Wpex Cecve H We MHCIeWe NHLITO, meCian, CO MOAPH KOJIMA NOA

OUHTe, TeTepaBejKH ce BO OfemeTO, TO] H3alez3e BO ABOP H ce 3a*paTu
Jia Bad Boa Of OyHap. Hag cesoTo ce uinpellie yYTPHHCKH, nNpa3sHHyueH
MHp. Ce HocelIe CaMO PCCKOTO UpKTawe Ha YeCKPHKOT H OMMaseueil
IYM Ha peyHuTe BOUH.

Enpaj Kora u3me3e of Bpata, Ilanko 3aGemexa eka ce Oelle
o6JieKON BO HOBa pyOa; Ha KOJleHHlaTa MY Ce Gedleciiie KOHCLOT OKOJY

TosleMaTa JaTuua. Hus despyapcKuoT cTyq Hanupalie CHHO ConeTO,
To Tonele cHeroTt Had 3aMP3HaTaTa, KOpaBa 3eMja, npaBejKku JIOKBH
HU Kad.

Ensaj Kora u3ze10a on ppata, ManKo 3a6eséoraa eka ce Geule o6neKon
BO HOBa pyOa; Ha KONeHHUAaTa My Ce O6@azeeA KOHEUOT OKONY FomeMaTa saTHUa.
Hu3 cbeppyapckuot city x@iunavo cunHO COHleTO, ro Moeno cHeroT Had 3aMp-
3HaTaTa, KOpaBa 3eMia, MpapejKu JIOKBH H Kal.

171

Mi WTO MoBeKke ce O7MKellle TO CeCKOTO YuHJKMLUTe, CpueTo cé

wus eorry er. era we Wlewancq paanre ao

OHEMHPHO MY Ce cTeralle, To o6O3HMallie HECIIOKOjCTBO. 1ipey, CaMdaTa
BpaTa, HH3 KOjalliTo ce HOocelle 3aCTpawWuTeJHO BpeBa OJ MHOry IJla-
‘OBH OHaTpe, 3anDa WM MPeMUCH KO) neOa jKu ce a ce BpaTu, Wa u36era

so Sa

i

OQ

rim pies peg ae Rea hace 8
adi TO0Oa RAFANTN TIpuco CH ii Cr Opakb amtTM Ha Rna.
wa IeKY O IVa MCCIU. 1ipnco WH, BUIESE. UO OT pare ClU ta Bbpa

1 a
TaTa, BpeBaTa ae YM My CTOpHW yuiTe nocTpalmHa. Kako KpHBeL,
cBueude Ha MpasHOTO MeCTO HO CaMatTa

. Bem ae Komaj ceTo cemo. Ce peemle o6ak Jy? TYTYHOB
H TH OOBHBALe ee CMaJeHHTe YOBeWKU muita. OTCTpaHa, TlowaseKy
pyrute, HaBHAyM MHPHH MW paMHOYyWHH, cemea eeH WO pyr cell-
AT

uu, Ha cp BHeHUTe, CKYMYCHH YCTH MM CBeTKallle HecKpHeHa

faxes ati xas8h

ot
Bw HP'S

oO
x
mm

YW Ma
Ik

HH Moxete!

Haenuaul cTraHa Tuxo, COCeM THXO, a ce caAyWalle WylWkKawerTo
Ha Wucjeto O MacatTa Ha KoMucHjata. Tlocne nekoj 3a300pyBa Opry,
pacilaweHo Heulro mito [laHko He ro pa36pa; Oo Hero JoMmupaliie camo
HeKOj HejaceH WIYM, a Mpek WMpOKO OTBOPeHHTe OUM MY ce Mpexele
HenpormenHa Marna. M Kako OTNpullTrena, HamOjmeHa peka kora ce
YpHyBa, Taka HaefHalll 3rproTe cawata.

SanounyBalle MpBaTa pacmpasBa.

Ilauxko Bucepun ce 3acyuia Hamperuato. Ce oTMyWTH OHaa NOTH-
cHaTa ceJicKa Ayla, 3aMcTypa OouIKH HM jamoBH, OpaHu BO rulaqHuTe
rOAWHKH Hak WIORopomHata 3emja.

,JleTe, 3HMe, HHe paOoTeBMe a TOj TH nomHele aMOapuTe. Kaze
Ma TakBa MpaBuHa?“ 3rpMe Crojye og IlenqoBuu, a cKHHaTHOT pakaB
OJ. TyHaTa My ce 3aMaBTa Kako roseMo UpHo kpuo. Ilona HaexenuTe
Bef ouHTe MY 34acKpea.

CroTuHa rlaBH CO u36pa3qeHH, HeOpwueHM JMIla, CO HaOpeKHaTH
BpaTHH XH, MOL3eOa KaKO OF eRHO rpano: ,,[IpaBo KamkyBalu, Crojye,
Taka e.*

»,1 le] TO KaKOB e BO Bparor."

»l pyTKa 3eMja He atu B paka.“

VMsmak TaTHex, "p2kelbe, BHKOTHHILM.

A IJauKo ro carymaliie cero Toa co 3aTaeH 3nuB. Kako 6paH ro
saBseue OHA TOQJIEMO U cyR60HOCHO IWITo ce OJBUBAaIIEe Tip em HeroBl OUH

qimvst 2h Wii ee PAW

Vi wiro nosexe ce 61uscea 10 cencKoTO yunMluTe, CpueTO cé NMOHeMMpHO
My Ce cilé1ano TO 063uma40 HecNoKoOjcTBO. IIpe: CcaMaTa BpaTa, HM3 KOjallITO ce
HOcéAl 3aCTpaluuTeIHO BpeBa OJ MHOry TacOBN OfHaTpe, 3ainer u LpemucAus
KONeOajku ce Ma ce BpaTu, Ma u30era ManeKy Of Toa mectTo. [loucoOpaa cua,
BlewOA. CO O BOpareTO Ha BPaTaTa BpeBaTa HapacHaa u My Ce cHinpuna yuTe No-
cTpautna. Kako Kpupell, He3a0ee%KaH OF HUKOLO, TOj ce cBweko“ Ha Npa3zHOT ’ MECTO
lO caMata BpaTa. buszo 30paHO +OMaj ceTo ceno. Ce peea OONaK NYT TYTYHOB
yan u TH OOBuBaA pacnaneHuTe yORBeWIKM Mua. OTcTpana, Nomaneky OM Upyrute,
HaBHYM MUPHH UW PpaMHO]YUWIHH, cedese efeH MO pyr cescKuTe yopOayun. Ha
CBMeHHTe, CKyn4ueHu ycTH uM cBeiikata HecKpveHa 300a uv NOMOMBHA yCMeBKa,
KakO Ia caka“vé a KaxkKaT: eTe, HUWITO He HM MoKeTe!

172

HW ro Tepallle 2a TpaHe BO Heno3HaTa MusiMHa. He 3a6eNemKa Kora H3-
giese pe KOMUCHjata HerOBHOT YOp6ayuja; My ce McnpaBH ofeaHal
Iipeq ouvte, romem u cTpawen. Camo ceTH Kako mo CHarata ro MoJa-

awia eTvrTanry MODHHIIH a RN PNNATHA YAARTIITA MY Ce cTonudH Mvy cra
SREY A YAW aed avens poe da aka aA By Fpel iy rata oi y Le Vivi 1 a7ay Ve

unHelle eka O4HTe Ha CHTe Cera Ce CBPTCHH KOH Hero HM ro neyat
Kako pasropeHH ruiamju. Ere of oBoj yac Ilanxo Bucepun ce naaieue.
Cera Tpe6ailie TOj fa KaxKe TeKOK 360p, Ha ja H3mee ceTa ropyuHHa
INTO KAKO THHbA MY T@2KH H Tylee BO Hero eBe BeKe ABaeceT FOAHAL.
A Toa, My ce 4HHelwe, He MOxKe Aa ro cropu. He, He. Cpecta my ce
Hanperna fo yxKac. Ete, cute 3HaaT eka 4“op6alujaTa He ja paboTu
seMjaTa, Ke KaxkaT u Cé Ke Ce CBDPUIM, Ke OAMHHE KaKO JIOW, HeEMUpeH
COH WTO TexKH KaKO TOBap Ha AYyuIAaTA.

A TOj, 3aBpTeH KOH CewaHHTe,-ce BHTKallle WHraB Kako I{pBell,
mpapejku Kucella rpHMaca Ha 3apacHaTOTO BO CaO Jue, WpBeHO Hu
o6eceHo nog 6pagzata.

DBA JIM, 6paka, MOM crapocT Wa Me ocTaBaTe 6e3 3emMja,\ LHMO-
Jlewle, a MaJlHtTe, usryOeHH BO CajiO, OWNtba My Urpaa. ,,Jac, 3HaeTe Hu
Bue, CeKOralll cyM pa6boTen 3emja.“

Bpau of cmMea rv mpeyeka HeroBute 300poBH.

»A, a, cH pa6oten! noT@pam nekoj nogOuBHo. ,,Cu ro KOnad OaB-
4HYeTO OKOJY KyKaTa.“

»oHaeme, KaKO ya He.‘

Toj 36yHeTo cToellie Cee@HO CBPTeH KOH pacnasicHuTe CewaHH, NOA-
3HHAaT, HCMOTeH, KyOejKH ja HeCBeCHO aCTparaHcKaTa waka.

Cpe HaexkeHaTa, pasromKeHa Maca, [lawko Bucepuy ceseule
KakO mpHkosan. Bo pzyuiaTa my cc KHHewc. Hexouky maTH noTcTaHa H
3ayCTH, HO rulac He u3fane. Llemata cama, 3aeqHO CO syfeTO, My ce
BpTelue, My Oyuellle BO cBecTa. Ce 3armeqa HaTaMy HW Mpey ounte My
3aurpa HaTIHHCOT Ha KOMMCHjaTa: 3eMjaTa Ha OHOj wiTo ja pa6oTu!
VM kako cTaHa, Kako Ce OTNYUITH, He 3Haellie HH CaM. Ce ucnpaBu Haed-
Hall Wea H CajlaTa My cTaHa Masia uw TecHa. Bpepata 3ampe. Uop6a-
WHjaTa, KaKO WTO Geule cBpTeH co rp6, Morsieqa Ha Taa cTpaHa HM Mak
ce 3sappte. M Bo TulIMHaTa wiTO HactaHa, Ilanxo Bucepuu ru noyaye
Hanpey| CBOHTe IpHu, cMeveHH HM pacnyKaHH KaKO COMYH pale H 3a-

360ne noudlvrfacuo u namaxo: .Esre. 6naka. na cyvmete no zvua.’
sed eh aL Se ee ieee ene ives sive 77 att, os sau Oo aw 11 Ai ©

Il[tpekHaT, yopOallujata ce CBM ylliTe NoBeke HU He3abeuexKaHO TH
CciuKa CBOMTe MeKH, G6eIM palle nom wankata. A TlaHxo cé yuite
cToelle Taka CO NogaweHH Halpea palle H NoOeAOHOCHO ruleqale Hao-
Kony. [locne ro nonece 6paH OX BHKOTHHUM, rprot, Tpomate: ,,Taka e!
UYecruto, Ilanko.*

Hero Kako Za My NagzHa TOBAapOT

HeBHAeH Oj HHKOFO, TO] NOvIeKa ce ucKpaye HanBop. CTygeH moBeB ro

3arauM MO oOpoceHoTO co fot smile. Ilo Hero octaHa UyM HM BpeBa.
TlaHko 3aHTa MO MaTOT, HOCeH O7 HeKOla He3HacHa OCcera cHa

asGHava aR. Sasa ya shuatag

3arsieqaH HeKage Halipen. HaOpry ce Hajme cpex noneto. IIpex ouyute

WTO ro NuTUuCKAITEe CkpHuulyM
bea AU asp Aa, Gs nas V ivi,

179
Liv

My 3a0JlecKa CHeXKHaTa MOKPHBKa Ha pofHaTa 3emja, a Kora Morie-
OT MY CBHKHA CO OjeCOKOT, TO] ja Bue Hea, 3eMjaTa. Hamecta, nom.
pacToneHute CHeroBl, Ce lpHeellie KpeBKaTa, HaOaOpeHa 3emMja, a Hal

Hea BHCOKO ce kKpeBallle mypea. OmmasieKy ce CJlyllalie wWymMotT Ha
HamojmeHutTe Bonu Ha Bapzap.
- Tlanko Bucepuu KMKHa BO HeHCKaxKaHa Pajoct, ce mpecerHa UH CO:

rpcTOBH 3arpeda BO HaTOneHata 3€Mja, ja KpeHa BHCOKO Hay] rlaBa
TTIOMI non nr nmnran . LI ara} Hama ao ARn mrt OA ce vY wor mera ram rur met
H3BHKa CO Pviac: ,,cialiia: Mallia € cela Se€MjaBa, HU MOriewqOT My ce

K
sapea MO WIMPpOKOTO OJIe.

pent
~I
we

QHMYE MAPKOBCKH

YH4UKO AJIEKCO

wr wary ROM AR4ATONKNY Ww awAr mene

Toj @H 4HuKO Asiekco, KoBa4oT, ro 3aTBOPH yKaHOT fipey- 1a. ce
CTeMHH, TH CTaBH KelleHWHTe Ha CTapHTe SHOBH WTO Oea MCKpMeHH co.
WITH Of, LOMrorogquuHata ynotpeba, ja 3aKmy4H BpaTaTa Co roue-
MHOT CTapO3aMaHCKH KaTaHell ITO HH CAMHOT TOj He 3Haeliie OF KOFa
BUCH Ha BpaTata, HM MowieKa MowjieKa Co paleTe Ha3a WTO HHKOra He
TH cTaBalle BO WeOoBMTe MH MO HajroueMuOT CTY Ce ynarTH. Joma.

Bpemeto G6ellie anno. JyBallie cepep HU rH WTHMelile WMWaTa Ha
ayfero. TeMHH OJOBHH 06a Oea HaBHCHaTH Haj rpayorT u. Harsie-
auie CeKOj MOMeHT MeKa Ke ce cpyllaT Hu Ke ro MOKpHjaT WeaHor
*KMBOT BO Hero. CHeroT Gellie 3aMp3HaT H TipH OfemeTO Ha JyreTo.
CHIHO KpliKallle.

Bo oBa HespeMe CTapHOT KOBau CH MpoOuBallle nar nmomeKa HO.
CHrypHo H ce OwMKelle AO KyKaTa.

Jlojne noma. To cBneve MasroTo, ce H3MH Kako ceKoralll, ceaHa.
CKPCHO3e Ha CJIAMCHHKOT WITO Oellie WO Wnoperot, rH 3acyyunH mycTa-

.
Wi} TOA YT WwQpRWYNae Moa wia 8wn Wa TY A Ha OAMeT wranmgy NH Tey YWIWITTroOrwyT.
i KFLODEING. 45471 rl jt» amy LIN Lr wu A VAL Ly FLU ltl LY LAL tbiv il

ueto.“. Mf He goueka fa mo360pH cTapuot, TerKa Mapuja ja KpeHa
riaBatTa, fro norieqHa yspefeHoO, KakO ITO MOxKe Ja rieqa crapa.
WOMAaKHHKa WTO CH fH CBpIyBa peOBHO CBOUTe AOMAaIUHH pa6oTH H-
peye: ,,4exaj AmeKco, yuire He cH ceqHa. Tnenaw; mycToHO munep-.

4uHlba TH Baylam. Tyky caMo fa peyeut —‘‘ WH MposowKH a fo NOH -
UHHMYeTO CO KHCeIM MHMepyniba WITO TH Bawellie Of 3CMjeHHOT rpHell.

Yuuxo Anexco ja NorieqHa, oceTH eka ja HaBpequ uw omane: ,,Ex,
Mapuje, HeMoj TH BeqHalll 3a Kycyp. 3Haelll, 4YoBeK rpemmu, WTO Ke My
mpapulu. [lax jac u He MMCJIeB HapouHO Toa fa.Tro cTopam.“

Orkako My ja nogafe pakujata u MeseTo, ja 3ananH wamMOaTa u-
ceqHa WO Hero. Toa Oellle cTrapvoT ayeT BO OBaa- KyKa, TaOuveT Ha
yuuko AsgleKca Of NOJFM romHHU, OTKaKO 3a4uyKa cTapocTa Ha HUBHATA
Bpata. M cefea Taka MoBeKe BpeMe, BO 3HMMCKHTe J€HOBM OKOJY uImMo-
peToT a mpe3 meTOTO Ha pory3HHa BO OaBYaTa MOA CMHBaTa ITO ja

Hacayun un4uKo AsleKco ylliTe Kako fete. Cenea.u pasropapaa. Crapata

175

fO H3BeCTyBalle 3a MOO*KGaTa BO MaaJIOTO, AomeKkKa unuKO AveKco if
pacnpasBallle LITO ce CAyuHNO BO YapliujaTa, KaKO OM Ma3sapoT 4 MHOTy
Apyru pee

Taka 0
eleH OF ee

Beke wimopetoT ja 3aTommH coOaTa uH_u“uKO AyeKco HaOpry ro
KpeBallle WHWeHWeTO CO pakuja. Tetka Mapuja wiTo cegzelwe cekorall
WO Hero CO yxXHBame ro rulefallie cela Hej3HHHOT cTapell KaKO ce
HacJlawqyBa Ha pakujaTa mo 3amMopHata pa6ota. M Toa u 4uMHelle pa-
moct. Komky ga ja NpHkKpuBalle JbyOOBTa KOH Hero, cemak Ke My IIpe-
@pJlewie MHOry MHJIHH 300poOBH UWITO ro pa3HexkHyBaa. Toralll, TO] ja
NOrieHyBalle HaCMeBHAaTO NO Beru, OUMTe MOCBeTH MY CTaHyBaa a
tetka Mapuja Koj 3Hae m0 KOj MaT, UCTO Taka, ce Mocpamysaulie u He
yekalle Ja Ce pa3BHe pa3roBop, OeHalll MpeMuHyBalle Ha pyro,
MauejKu ce Ja ru coOepe MucaMTe. CrapHoT ro 3Haellie TOa H MHOry
maTH HaMepeHo H 36opysalue. Ha toa tetka Mapuja Ke noupBexele,
Ke TO 4yKHelle OF MHJIOCT MO KOJICHO HJIM m0 muIeKu H Ke My peuelie:
,Mope, TH CTapojko, Hemoj ga Me ruOau.’’ Tloroa u gBajuata Ke ce
HacMeeja. Jlomru roqHHH Taka MHpHO »xKMBeeja. EBe Beke TpHeceT HU
Iiel TOMMHH HMA OTKAKO Ce OKeHETH UM 3a CeTO BPeMe He Ce pa3sesHe,
Jom 360p He cH HMaa peyeHo. Ho 3atoa tetka Mapnja cexorau Ouna
BHMMaTeJIHa: HHKOFalll He TO OCTaBaJla 6e3 janewe, HaBpeMe MCUHCTEH,
ucneriaH, a OoraMH uM UedlaTa paboTa BO Jo3jeTo ja Bpueme. Hi Bo
SMMCKUTe AOJIFH HOKM Kora cefea nokpaj OrHOT MH ¥MUKO AJdeKcO UBpI-
Kale Of IWMUIeEHWeTO KOMHbapkKa, BeJlelie JeKa BHHUeTO H pakullata
ce Oakiuul of Hea. [negajku ja paOoTata Ha *eHa CH, CTapHOT KOBau
ce Tpymeme Ja OfBpaTH yuwite nogoOpo. 3a HUBHHOT XKMBOT HW MOMHHY-
BauKa WeOTO MaaslO MpHKaxkyBalle. Kora Ke ce 300pysBallle 3a HB,
ceKoj Ke peyelle: ,,.Koj, Amexco u Mapuja?... *Kusot xxuBeat. Bura3e
4M Ha yuIuTe.“

Betepot cé mopeke GecHeemle. Hegasieky Tponallie JlamMapHua MOT-
KpeBaHa OJ, BETPOT, Kaj KOMIIMMTe TpacKaa OTBOPeHH MpO3opyy, May-
KHTe He€MHPHO TH H3BHBaa CBOMTe TwlacOBH WTO HYea Ha JeETCKO

qn mauewbe, A WeIHOT TOI BSYUMCKH HOKeCH ne jcaxk TO HOTHOATHYBaa RUVIIV-
Len Vy orb u £ ae TR 2U 4h ce a Bs ease

WHTe WITO NoTCeKaaT Ha adpuy
H TO MOHeLWIe TBOpOT.

Unuxo Asekco cefellie HalakKTe€H Ha KOJIeHOTO, ja Yelllallie HeOpH-
wyeHatTa Opana HY W3BHKa: lve .. MOPH Maprto, He 6unvBa elmHa TOAYUHS

zits Be saves Eine 9p 2 Y 8 ew we ater Pe 2 evi 6k 8 aoe, we pa oe a Agee “

Ad AD eaters

| rr rs YTt lila 3 wo a 6c a nrmwrm cot we?
MHUpHa fia On elu. Caynraj, 2KeHO, CJYyUiaj Kako SecHee. Terxa Mapnija

To Hafafe yBOTO Hakaj MposopelloT wiTO Gellle Of CTpaHa Ha Moprata
4 pean IpHTMBHYyBajKH TO HM AuleweTo. Toa ro 3a6emexKU CTapHoT.

45 CSE EN & 4 eh eA ie rs -: oy a

ulHa KaKO HeKOj a 4yKa Ha MopTa.”
,Mapuje, OTKaKO OcTapeBMe cé HH oni KaKO HeKOj Ja 4yka.
Koj Ke uyKa BO OBa HeBpeMe OCBeH Mapra?™

176

Cera ce cilyllalie mojacHo 4yKawe. CTapvoT ro Haflafe yBOTO
HaCJYIUHA.

»llpaBa cH Ola, *KeHO, BHCTHHa HeKOj uyKa," peye co of0dpy-
Bathe. Ilotoa cTaHa, ro HaMeTHa MaJITOTO HM OTHAe Aa ja OTBOpH Nop-
tata. Bo TemHvHatTa —pex Hero cToellie BO3pacTeH CepHO3eH YOBeK CO
KOCcTeHuBO suue. To mormeqHa, HO He MOxKele Wa ro no3Hae. Ilotoa
My ce MpHOsmKH oO WHueTO H CO cMea peue: ,,O, NoBemm, noBesH.”
Toa 6emte Pucto cromapot, KoMUMja co zyKaHute. be3 Muory KaHelbe
TOCTHHOT BJlese H Ce yilaTH KoH KyKata. UwuKo Asiekco Ofellle no Hero
-H cH Mucsewe: ,, To Maka ro Halluia OBO] YOBeK Ta BO OBa BpeMe' Kaj
MeHe foara?“ WM komky fa Gapatie OfToBop, He MOxelle Wa cu OOja-
cHw. Bsieroa goma. Pucto & ja nOmane pakaTa Ha TeTKa Mapuja u
eHepruyuHO ja no3a—paBu. Ceynaa. Hacranwa tae, Bo coOata. UnuKxo
AgeKkco BuTKallie WHrapa, cTapaTa pacdaKkawle Hu3 KyjHata a PucTo
Cefelie TO WmMopeToOT, MOJeHIe HU KaKO fa MHCJIellie KakO Ke ro OT-
TlOuHe pa3sroBOporT.

»KakO CH MOMOMa?“ 3anmpalia cTapHoT Hu ja NpeKuHa THWHHAaTA.

»tle mpatiaj, wuuxo AweKkco, He npawaj. Jlowio, rag,‘ ofppaTu
Pucto.

»laka e, Taka. IIpaB cu.“

»LYKY, 3Haeli JM WiTO Me HaHece MaTOT Kaj TeOe?“

»KaxKH, Kaxk, BHYYKO, Wa culywHam!“

PucTo ce NofHaMecTH, Ce NOAHaKallia u OMase:

,»4uuKo Asekco, TH CaMHOT Tvieqall WITO CTaHyBa CeKO} AeH Kaj
Hac. Tenaar ayfe Byrapuse, Tenaat TepManuute H Toa 30uITO? CakaaT
Jia He cotpat. Ete 4 oBMe JeHOBM 3aTBOpHja HeKOJIKy YeCHH pa6or-
HMM. SBepoBH ce, sBepoBu. HM kako a My rH fanelll B palle Ha THe
WelaTH OBHe 3/1aTHH fella a PH MayaT HM CNHUM NO HOKTH a HM
cTaBaaT, a Hajmocule 4a ru oTenaart.*

Laka e, Pucto BHyyko, Taka e. Lilto e mpaBo, mpaBo e,“ now3a-
MHCJIeHO 3a6eexKH CTapHoT.

,EBe... TaKa e, uHuKO AsleKcOo, aMa HHe HeMa a HM CequMe CO
cKpcteuu paue. Hema ma uM ce Rapame. Ke mouneme yilite mocHaHO fa
ru Temame, 1a Ke BAHMe KOj Ke u3ulese moepOan: ua efqHa paka Bo-
PHCOBH Kyuiba, WIM Hue cuTe.*

ȣX, BHyYKO Pucro... tue ByraputTe of ceKoralll Mellane mpcTu

u Kaj Hac. Om cexorau Makefonuja uM 6Ousla yOaBo 3asue,“ u3qMUTy-

BajKH Ce TelIKO KakO Ja ce NpHceTyBalle Ha HelITO OaMHelIHo,
MaudHO, peye crapnoT. TprHa HeKOJIKy naTH OA Wurapata u WpOROIKH:
, 4 nopaHo cyM TH pacnpaBasl KakBH pe3HJlalH HH MpaBea yulite npea
MamugenckoTo Boctanve mak u Mo Hero. KouKy maTH cme ce cygupase
co O6yrapcKuTe YeTH WTO. ugea Ma NbaukaaT BO Makegouuja... A He-
OaMHa' WTO CulyuIHaB? SacTaHal een ByrapuH mpeg KactbeHeTo LITO
e€ MO rpafCKHOH YaCOBHHK H HelliTO BuKa. To mog3a4yB KakO Bed4,
*Mope Kakpa Makegounja, cé e opa Oyrapcka 3emjia. Majxata Ke my

ja pacniauaM Ha cekKoj WTO Ke momucaM unaky.’ Jla 3Haem, Pucto, BO

177
12 Macedonian grammar catia

AyildaBa KaKO MH Oele. Kako 2a MM Ce KHHE HeDITO. To norjeqaB

neCjHCHHOT H CH 3€MMHaB fa He ro CuryuiaM. Tipas KaTua Oeme. A eg

~»

MylKa UITO HMalie KaKO BHCTHHCKH OBuapcKH nec. [ypu ga TH
rau Kora ro raenaur.*

3a OBa BpeMe fOMeKa pacmpaBalie crapHoT, PucTo caymalie
HEPpBO3HO YelKalle HH43 jacTakoT. To] HaBHuCTHHa Cakale MHOry a FH
Culylila 360poBuTe Ha uw4uKO AyieKca He CaMO Cera aMH UM Apyr ai, HO
OBOj MWaT He My Oelie fo Toa. OunrneqHo Oenle Meka PucTo cakalwe
mTo noOpry wa MY Kaxke 30UITO JOuION uM Ma Fro uye pesyviraTor.

U oTkako 3aMogue cTaDHOT., oTHoUHa:
cad uu 9 Vv

Vaca Meany WAVY ANS VA Gpary ALY ALLE

Be WTO € pabotTata, cera Ke TH peuaM LITO Me HaTepa Za JOj-
am Kaj te6e. Mma gBajiia Apyrapv wiTo ce KpujaT of NoMmMuHjara u
MHCJIMMe Kaj TeOe a TH CMeCTHMe 3a HeKOJIKy feHa. Bue cTe cTapH
i la Ce COMHEBA eka TaKBO HEHITO HMa Kaj Bac.

JIVre,. IT \ HH 17 C HN Ka
d ’ ar 10M AMKRUY AS LU J
t 2
a

u
ce

PA H3rvou RAY
x1

niwr9lT ona iT ATINTH waeprM aja.
MATL 1

Ce H3Pry 6 HM CTaJlOMKCHOTO HaCTpoe-

Hve. Kora ri Culyuina THe 300poBH, CTaHa Mogpyr: ja ucipaBH ruiaBata,
OuHTe OCTpO My ruienaa KoH Puerta. Ce nogw3amMucsM, noTOa 3anpaula
KakO a He ocuyuta: ,,Kaxo peue, Pucro? Jlyfe ce KpuHjaT on nowH-
WHjata... a TH CMecTHMe Kaj Mene?!“ :

Ja, uuuko Anexco, myrfe. Tpajiia nallin ApyrapH Ha Kou uM npeTH
a ra atu nowMuujata. SHaeul, HHKaKOB MaCTpaB OKOJIY HUB HeMa Ja
mpaBuut. Cé wito TpeOa Ke TH MoHeceme.“

»Y, yd... wyno... MactpaB... He e pa6otaTa oO MacTpas,
rlaBHOTO €... TYKY HeHce Ke BHAHMe.“

Opue mocJieqHH 300poBH yOaBo ru 3ayuy TeTKa Mapuja u BegHaur
ce paconv. Ounte & ce OTBOpHja Kako HeKOj Ma ja Moyea co cTymeHa
Bona. [nenauie vac KOH CTapHOT, 4uac KoH Pucta cakajKu fa pas6epe
TOUHO BO WTO e paOoTaTa HM BefHAalll 3a6elexKa Ha YeNOTO OF YHYKO:
Anekca Kanku not. To Bugle HeKOJKy MaTH Kako la60KO Ce H3quLTy-
Ballie, ja MOApH3HyBallle WHrapata, npedakawle u pacdaKale co pa-
weTe HeHy2KHH paOoTH, Ke ja cTaBellie MeTajIHaTa KyTHja O Wurapy
Ha eTHoO MecToa Ke ia monosKeure W Wak Ke ia memecTerme. Bo cotar

ane Hm SANS eg RN CR AA PS eee ee ana Vw ys 44P wea we Ci a te

Oelie MHpHO HO JlyfeTO BO Hea He Oea. Unuko Asekco nog Beru ja
ruieqamie TeTka Mapuja u Pucta. Pucto ogBpeMe HaBpeMe MorvieqHy-
Balle BO CTapHOT HM CTapaTa a maK oBaa BO ABajiata. Een co zpyr
mpoctpesyBaa CoO ouHTe MW Morsemure uecTO uM Ce cyapyBaa. Ue-
} ucto nonane: ,,Mucna i
Opa padotata M Za TH NOBTOpyBaM HeMa HyKJa.“

»fle @, BHYYKO, NO Hepa30Hpambe, CaMo... 3Haelll... cTapu svre
cMe lak... Mowe cé ga ce curyun... Tlocie wiTo Ke npaBume?“

\
a Ke 6Hn7e nomO6pO. Taka mpaBH.‘S peue oTceuHO:
u“ we VEAAAw LIV AAV Vos 2umainu pee! i am WA 444

M. URUKO A nerro neKka 14 2
Vi, MAAU AWICKLY, ALKA Jai pas

HCTO.
Crapvot ja KpeHa ruiaBaTa, ro mormega Pucta u peue: ,,BHyyko
PuctTo, jac Te pa30HpaM Cé ITO Cakalll 2a MM peuelll, HO OBaa Beyep

,Jlo6po. Toraj ma cu ofa,“ usyctu Pucto Kako og nyuika, cTa-
HyBajku: ,,;CaMo eHO 3Haj: a He No3sBomMut Byrapute na He co-

Kora ro ucnpatTuja rocrHHOT cTapHoT ja 3aTBOpH BpaTaTa OF Kyj-
Hata H ocTaHa KaKO CKaMeHeT Ivienajku Bo TerKa Mapuja. Totoa
ceHa JO MHHepszakor.

,Ulro e pa6otata, Anekco?“ 3anpatia cTapaTa Kora ro Buze
Kako Ce MHCJIM HW ruiewqa BO efHa TOUKA.

Unuxo Asgekco MoJueute.

Kaku He, WTO e pabotata?!*

»AKeHO, HOjH no6mm3y U ceqHu, OBpaTu cTrapuoT. ,.MaKo Geme
OaMHa cemak CH CHOMHYBAalll BO MilanquTe rOMMHH Kako rH KpHeBMe KO-
MHTHTe ITO ce 6Opea 3a cmo6oqHa Maxkenonuja. Ese, u menecka uma
jtyre WiTo ce Gopat. Cekoj eH rulemall u yeu Ha vellMa HW Ha
dypHa KakBu uyna mpaBatT. Haponot crpama uw ruanysa, Mapuje. Hue
co Te6e ylliTe ram He cMe Buyene. AMa na nojmet MO CBeTOT JIlyreTo
He MoxKaT Beke fla ce mpepaHat. A we mMoguat. Bo opaa HaponHa
Maka TpeOa 4H HHe Za momorneme. Pucro Beyeppa 3aToa ojne. IIpa-
Ulalle amu Ke mpuOepemMe Kaj Hac ABe MOMUMIha WITO ce KpHjaT of
nou jata.<

Tetka Mapuja 3ayeceHo CJlymamie H ycTaTa HW Oellle nom3sHHata
Ol Koja H Ce H3aBaa HeKOJIKyTe 3a6H WTO TH MMallie Ha NpeqHHOT
Wel ON BusMuNTe. Cryluiaiie rieqajkKu ro mpaBo B OY KaKO KOj 3Hae
Ol Kora a He ro Bunewa u 3anpawa: ,,AMu TH WTO My peye?<

Ala Ojle yTpe HaBeyep OBa Bpeme.“<

Kako mo KOMaHZa M yBajilaTa ru HaBewHaa PwaBuTe WH MoOuuea.
KakBH JIM MHC He HM MpOafaa HH3 riaBata? A BaxkHa Gellle H pa-
ootata. Ilo MHory roqvHu wnuKO AeKco HMa Baka TelllKa 3aflaua 3a
pemaBame. HM raa Tpe6a ma ce pelin.

leuko e, Agekco, reuiko. M MauHo e u cTpalllHo, 3a6eexKa cTa-
pata W3QuUlyBajku ce nm1ad60KO.

»LeWIKO €, KeHO, 3HaM OTH e TelIKO, AMa MOpaMe HeLITO Ja pe-
ume. Jia 3Haelll Ha fellaTa KOJIKy HM e YUITe MOTelKO, Muaqu ce
KpeHane fla ce Gopar. Ha crapu roqMHH HH ce MafHayio MOMOU ma
laBaMe,, la My CilyxkuMe Ha Hapojor."

',,Jlo6po, Toraj aa ru npHOepeme,“ mpo360pu THBKO CTapaTa KaKO
CO NOJIOBHHa Tlac. ,,caMO TellKO e. Kaye Ke dbaTatT napTu3aHu MO Ky-
KHTe, TH WHTepHHpaaT cTomaHuTe umH ja ropaT KyKata. Hue ue Ke
MOKeme fa u3—pxKHMe, AseKco, cTapH syfe cme.‘

» Camo a 3Haelll KOJIKY MHOry Ke NOMOrHeMe,’: yOeIHBO peye
quuko Agiekco, ,,KOJIKy 2yiin ke Hé Omarocaopat. Ke npnumoneceme
W HMe 3a caobomara Ha Makenouuja WTO cuTe ja rpaOene, cexorall
natesia, 3a _koja u a jac Miamocta ja WaoB a MHOry MOH aApyrapu

e

Terai qa " 3eMeme. Kaye wenuoT Hapon 4 Hue,“ OABpaTH cTa-
paTa BUTKajKH TO KpajoT O MpecTuuKaTa.

12*

»JLo6po, H jac ce corjacyBaM,° omane cTapuHoT, fro norsesa
caaTOoT H H HamoMHa Ha TeTKa Mapwja jeka e BpeMe fla CH JerHar.
Miwa aBajlaTa KaKo la HM OJleKHa eKa 6e3 MHOry MyaGeT H NpeyKH
ce corslachja.

Beke cu serHaa. beuwie temHuHa. Bo co6ata ce oceKaBallie MHpuc
OJ, Ta3sHeHatTa JaMOa HW Yay on WHraputTe. UuuKo AsteKco ce 3aBHTKa BO
BOMHeHaTa jaMOOMja H 3amMuxKa. Belle H3MopeH H CaKallle fa 3acmHe,
a Tu oTdppsau cute mMucuaM. Kosky ce Mauelle fa ro coBsafqa COHOT,
Halipa3Ho ocTaHyBaille. KanatuTe off ouMTe WIHpoKo ce oTBOpaa. Bo
TeEMHHHaTa My Ce MOKakKa roJleMa JIGHTa OA MHHATOTO. Taa Ce OMO-
TyBalle HO TellIKO Ce HaMamyBallie. CrapHot ru rieqalie “3MMHAaTHTe
TOAWHH, Ma4UHHOT X2KMBOT, Oop6a 3a ONCTAHOK, BOCTaHHja, KOMHTH, BO]-
CKH MW ylTe MHOry Apyro. Cu cNoMHyBallie 3a MJlaquTe TOAMHM Kora
CO MyllKa B paka OTHZe 2a ja ocmoO0myBa CBOjaTa 3eMja, yOaBo cera
CH MIpHNOMHyBallle CO KaKOB Map Toa ro yuHeule. PasmucayBalle u
OKOJY TOa WITO rH HaTepa syfeTo Of NMNokpeToT Aa My Mpujat, ere,
Oalli HeMy H a MY TOBepaT {Ba MKHBOTa Ha peBosyuMOHepH. M ue ca-
KajKu My Hea 360poButTe Ha Toneta Jlemues: Ocso60AyBaweTo Ha
Makenouuja Ke cTaHe paMO WO paMoO CO OCTaHaTHTe OpaTCKH Hapodu.
CnoMHYBajKH CH 3a CeTO TOa CH MHCJlIelwe 3a HpaBuHocta Ha GopGara
Bo Maxkenouuja. Kora mucueuie Reka ro npudatTH npeasoroT Ha Pucta
jaCHO rilegqaule eka ce pa3euyBa CO MHPHHOT H MOHOTOHHOT 2KHBOT.

Vfstaka BpTejKH JIMCT MO JIMCT Of CTpaHHIMTe Ha HerOBHOT XKH-
BOT KOJIKY JIM MaTH He Ce NpeBpTH OF efHa Ha Apyrata.cTpaHa Ha M0-
ceTellara, Hyp H CcHaraTa ro 3a6ome. Beke uw neTaute 3aneaja. TeTKa
Mapuja coHoTt OmaMHa ja notucua. TIpeq 30pata u unuKo Asekco
gacna. M rykyuiro Muruat, ce pa36yau. Yuite Gelie MHOry paHo. Ce
o6sleye HM oTHne Ha pa6ota. To oTBOpH AyKaHOT HM nouHa Wa padoTu
MayejKH Ce Aa ja OTCTpaHH MHCaTa WITO He ro Hanyuitame. IloctojaHo
My Oaralie Toa ReKa TO], ANeKco KoBa4oT, BeKe OM MeHeCKa CTaHyBa
aKTHBeH yueCHHK BO HapogHata peBouyuuja. M taa nomuciaa my oule-
CHYyBallle Ha [yliaTa, CaMHoT mpeg ce6e ce ropfeeuie. M noKpaj cute
yeuui6u ma paOoTu, He MoxeuIe. Ce NpoBpTe Hu3 AyKaHOT HepBO3HO,
atu efHa, ~atTH Apyra padora 4 u3ne3ze. OTugze MpaBo nmpx Pactra.

,JLo6po yrpo, Pucro,“‘ cepHo3sHo peye cTapHorT.

»oApaspo, umuko Avsekco,“ ofBpaTH cTomapoT Becelo, |
ane pakata. ,,lllro Taka pao?!“

,, — BHYYKO, jyHauKO Cplie He Tpae.*

,lOReIH, Ce HH.“

»He, He CyM 3a Cenere. JJojmoB a TH KaxkaM a Tu oHeCcell

ee

MV 1a
J J

Jiyreto yure Beep.
»laKa e, uwauko Astekco, 6paBo,“ u3yctu Pucto uw My ja cTerHa
pakata, ,,He CMe Ce u3uarasie BO Tede!“
Opve, MOCe€HHBe 300pOBH KaKO Jia MY MOMackaa Ha CTapKoT,

ce MOAHACMeBHa 3a0BOJIHO NOM MycTauu M Romane’ ,,Muory cme jase
34 OBaa 3eMja, H Mak Ke Maneme. He cme uae tyfu. Uosek Ha Mia 2H

180

TOAHHM WTOM ce Oopel H Ha CTapH He OTKaxKypa. Camo, Tpe6a Bue
MuiawuTe Ja Hé nNOAOyWHyBatTe.”

To peye Toa, ce nO3aqpaBuja w OTHAe MHpHO Aa paoorTH.

Ox Taa Beyep omkuBe KyKaTa Ha UW4KO Amekca. Hemaliie eH TeTKa
Mapuja cama foMa fla ocTaHe. Cekoraul HMaule roctu. Bo mpBoTo
BpeMe Ce MNoTcpaMyBaa, Ce H3BHHyBaa 3aTOa UITO ro HeMaa TOa HJM
OHa, HO CBHKHaa Kora yOaBo Bugoa M CeTHja CO Koro HMaaT paoora.

Jlyfero wito ce KpHeja Kaj HHB peuHCcH 6ea KakO Mpabu roctiH.
crveja BO MpHeMHata WTO ja 4yBaile TeTKa Mapuja cnpemHa 3a ro-
JIOMM NIpa3HHUH WM 3a MHOry cakaHH rocTH. Bo Hea Cé HajyHCTO HM Haj-
y6aBo umaie. HeneramuHTe ja omBpaTyBaa fa He TH Bawika H He FH
KHHe THe HOBH padoTH HO TeTKa Mapuja uM ojBpakallle: ,,Bue, CcHii-
KOBUH, Wa cH MowuuTe. Ja cyM BOMakHHKa BO oBaa KyKa. Bue cTe ru
OcTaBHJIe JOMOBHTe H CTe.ce WurHaswe Wa ce 6OpHTe 3apaMH Hac H pew
€ H HHe a WafleMe HelITO aKO He MOMKeMe CO Bac a ce paMHiime.*

Hf ce pa36upa, THe CaMO rvieqaa H Ce BOCXHTyBaa.

Tepopot nouHa fa 6uAyBa cé noromem. Kame Ke thatea napTu-
3aHHH WIM Hejlerajlu TH CTpejaa 6e3 cya uw cyfembe. UnuKo Amekco
3a OBa MHOry pa3MuculyBalle. Kpoemle 1aHoBH Kako a H3Majcropuca
6e30nacHo 2a %*uBeaT JyfeTo wiTo My rH noBepume. MU Haymu. Ener
ipasHvueH eH CTaHa NOpaHo Of CHTe HW NO“Ha BO efHaTa coba TOA
pa@ToT WTO G6elie HampaBeH BO SHMOT Wa Kona cKpHBHHa. Ilo ABo-
mHeBHa pa6ota Taa Oeule roropa. Heneramiure octaHaa MHOry JO-
BoHH Of Hea. Ilo HeKOJKY MeHa ce NocoBeTyBaa Hu pellHja Ma Co-
sufaat yuite eqna. 1 Kxora 6ea ABeTe POTOBH HH OMMaseky He CeKaBaa
onacHocT. Beke HeKOJIKy NaTH HH3 rpamOT ce MpaBellle nNoApobHa Gw10-
Kajla, BO KyKaTa Ha 4H4uKO Ajiekca mpeTpecyBaa, HO HHUITO He Hajfoa.
ia He NOoMHcauTe Beka oBHe Jyfe NO Wel Dew ceqea BO CKpHBHHIHTE.
He. Ese kako Geliie opraHH3HpaHa pa6ootarta.

TOM Ke ce pasmeHeile, TeTKA Mapnja Ke ru semeie ryryMuTe H Ke
nojuwewe Ha yuelliMa 3a BOA. OBe Ke Hayuellie KakBa e€ nomO*KOaTa,
WTO HMa@ HOBO BO MaaJIOTO, BO TpagoT, Koro 3aTBOpHe, KOrO He To
(baTrHsie H CeTO TOa Ke TO coonuiremle noma. Jlomeka ctapata nmoMa-
raule, eTe, BaKBH NOCHTHH pa6oTH, JeKa TOJIKY H NO3BOJlyBallle Bpe-
MeTO WM YCJIOBHTe, YHUKO AvleKcO He Cefeliie co CKpcTeHu pane. MH To}

cea aAkKTHBHSHDAa UoVITITA KAUN Ha MO xMATITA TA CA MOMYNDEH CAMO CO TOD
ww AAA LAL eae Rae aa Pa gaOrsivwe 2 aw 4Th0/ 2250 LIU Bau wu eee we CAs we sve

Wa Mpv6Oupa NapTH3aHH HW HeJlerasu BO HeroBata KyKa. YiulTe npBuTe
HemeIu, WITOM Ce NocmMupH, uM peue: ,,Jiema, majTe a BU NOMOrHaM.
Camo Ke mpouitaBate, jac CyM cTap, He Ke MOwKaM MHory. TyKy KouKy
UITO MH HOCaT.CHJIMTe.‘

Pa6ota MY Rawoa uw nonmeKa, nomeKa Taa WesMOT TO O63emMalLie.
TIppo pa3HecyBallle WHCMeHIa HH3 rpagot, moToa MeTUM, a NOAOUHA

HeroBaTa KOBAUHHIa Oellie CBpaTHJHWTe Ha MHOry Jyre. Equn Bule-

rypaa, Apyru u3sieryBaa, euM WpemaBaa MmucMa, Apyru 3emaa. Tloue-
Kora ce cnyuypatie fa nojwe BO HeKoe OmucKO ceo Kora HMaLie

<= sh wwe YO 2 44

mopaxkuya pabota. MH no HekouvIKy MeceuM Ha ABajuaTa cTapuu WesaTa

181

paOota uM Oellle oOu4Ha. Huty ce Mifaliea Kako NopaHo, HATY MO-
MUCJyBaa fla He rH (patar JtyreTo Wro ce KpHjaT Kaj HMB, 4a MM ja
3allaslaT KyKaTa WIM a TH uHTepHMpaaT. Hemerammute ce 4yBcTByBaa
cH irypHH BO OBaa KyKa WTO HeMalve moBeKe Kafe. Hapeyep wWitrom ke
ce co6epea 3a Bevepa, BO TECHOTO KyjHHWe WH CM€a HMaiilie, a WOHE-
KOrall COC€Ma THBKO, HHKOj Ja He 4ye, Ce Meellie UH NapTH3aHcKa Necua.
Kupeeja yOaBo HM MofpeseHo KakO We *KUBOT ma 6HIe 3ae HO. Beke
CTapHTe TH UMeHyBaa HeJlerasutTe ,,CHHKOBIM a OBMe aK ,,TaTKO

MW Koj 3Hae QO Kora Taka Ke XKMBeeja aKO e/Halll He Ce cuy4un
cJleqHoTo. Bewe ma3sapeH mex. Uvyko Amekco craHa mopaHo of cHTe.
Ce o6meye H oTHe BO COOaTa fa rH pa3s6yqu melata. Bo KyjHata
cpeTelle. Ca6ata cBeTuocT of ra3HeHatTa Jam6a Npomupailie BO BO-
poT mpeky nposopuute. ,,CraHase,” mpoleau Hu3 3a6” MoBeKe 3a ce6e.
Mi nomeka THBKO ja OTBOpH BpaTata. Kora Bwle3e, rH 3aTeKHa KaKO
cefaT H H3MOpeHH pa3sroBapaaT. Bbeuie maqHO BO KyjHaTa H lleslata
G6ellle 3a4uameHa OF WurapuTe LITO ru Mylene mpe3 HoKTa. TlenewHuuata
Oelle NpenolHeTa CO KauyHKH a HH3 MacaTa 6ea pacdpmanu wraps.
IlucmMata iro ru nHWyBasie HOKTa 6ea rpymupaHv; Ha e€AHHOT Kpaj of
MacaTa CTOeja MHCMa HallpaBeHH BO BHA Ha GuWIeWH a Ha Apyrara
3aTBOpeHH BO WIMKa. ConoT ru coBslanypaue. Ha mulata UM ce 4u-
Talie u3mMopeHocT. Ha eqHuoT Nepuiba koca My 6ea HaABHCHAaTH Haji
yenOTO a OUHTe MOBpeMe ABTOMATCKH My Ce 3aTBOpaa H MOKpaj Toa
WTO Ce Mayellie Ma TH Apu oTBOpeHH. Ji pyrwHoT HOcellle OapéTKa UH
My Oellie HafBHCHaTa Haj, “es.

»AMaH Jlyre, BHe "Wak He cTe cMvelne,‘’ peye cTapHoT mpHOJMxKy-
Rajku Ce Kaj HMB. Tema Janeky CO 3apaBjeTo a ja AoiepaTe ako
MPpOHOMKUTE Baka. Bapem HeKoj caaT a cTe ce Of{MOpede, Mak moc1e
mpoqoupKere.*

“e

{ RO I

lee, YHYKO AneKco, pepowyuHja e. Co HempHjaTenoT ce 6opHme
Ha XKUBOT HW CMPT,” peye e€AHHOT 3arpHyBajku ce co MasroTo. ,,3a cnH-
eihe HMa Bpeme. Kora Ke ce ocmoO0RHMe 3a Toa Ke MHCJIHMe, cera
rpeOa fa ce paooru.”

Jlomeka pasropapaa Buese TeTKa Ma
WiMOperTor.

»Ajme *eHo, meOaTH, nMOOpry co NojamOKOT OTH py4deK oMa Ke
Hé Hajne. HM neuata TpeOa Wa ce 3aTomMat,“ peye cTapHor.

Hemerasenor ca OapetT Kata ro moKaHu ynuKo AvyieKca Aa cefHe JO
rans Tr uatr NAT rm na aBRn moa nm PANT IA DIIIA TTT ~~ mlAAnriy MIrAM aKa Twa
Hero HW MY peuye: 5, LatKO 0, paooTaTa € CepHO3na. 1uTO MOOpry Tpcoa ha

rH pasHecelll MHCMaBa."
CrapvHoT Moselle, rieqaiie HeOfpeqeHoO Here BO SHOT H ja HH-
UWiale rlaBaTa BO 3HaK Ha OfoOpyBatte.
Ilo nojagokot unuKo Amexco ru cnakyBa MHCMaT

puTe Off MaJITOTO, KO€ BO Ma@HXAETHHTE OF NadHTaJIOHH’
wor H oTHfe. Beke 6elle yOaBo pa3feHeTo.

182

Bo kKykata G6ellie MHpHO H HH aac He MOmeuUIe Ma Ce CJYILUHE.
ferka Mapuja cegeuie nokpaj wmopetor Hu neteme. Heneramiute
HaBeANaTH Ha KYNMUITAa UTaMNaHH Taba BHUMaTeHO 4HTaa. EqnMor
ja MpekuHa THUIMHAaTa peue: ema aa Ouze MOWO 2a PM NOAMayKaMe
lMajseputTe, Homr nar ke tprame.“« Tlotoa crana, oHece aBa UIMaj-
3epa Of CKPHBHHILHTe, PH OCTABH AO KpeBeTOT H Mak NIpOAOWKH a 4HTA.

KyjHata 6eule 3aTonviena. Tonsmunata rv cOBJIaqa u THe 3apeMaa.
Hekonxy natu Terka Mapuvja ru nokanypauie Aa CH Wernat, He CTaHaa.
Kora Bugze eka yOaso 3acnaa u elHHOT NOCHJHO "pKawe, H Gewe Kad
a UM ro pacune CoHOT H LH OCTaBH fa CnHjaT a Taa MpOAOMKH NO-

wecTtna ma ¢cTraRa ANnNRa Na 19 OnADMYVRAa TO nJuHata
BOVEY Aa Yaad Apyoa Wa ja ABpin you ivlmnala.

CrapHor Beke ja Bpllelle paOorata HM3 rpa/or. Ojeule 10 aHoBH,

MO AyKaH, ce CpeTHyBalue CO syre MO yAUIH M Cé MoBeKe PM NpasHeLle
cBouTe TajHH CKPHBaJ NMWITa,. Jlojne: Y AO AYKaHOT Ha Tpajka KOHTV-
payujata. CeqHa Ha fouTaTa Kwlyna Ha KOjaliTo uMallle yulTe efeH
WOBeK H 3amaiu Wurapa. [locege HeMHpHO AOAeKAa ja HCHYWU WHrapata
HM TYKYHITO ja CTaBH pakaTa a ro H3BaQH NMCMeHMeTO UITO Oemle NOL
KaHWoT HU Oellie HamMeHeTO 3a TpajKa BefHall ce OTBOPM BparTarTa.
Bueroa zBajla WHBHM HU NOBeKe NOMMMAajuH CO MaUIHHKUTe Ha rpadu.
Yulte pH BJleryBamweTO BO BpaTaTa eHHOT OJ WHBHJIHTe M3BHKa:
»hoj e Tpajko Tlerpop og Bac?“

Tpajko ro nmordeqa HY paMHOZyuIHO ogBpaTu: ,,Jac cym. Iilito
cakate?“

»CTaHyBaj, OanauT efen!“ Hsapuka co TaHKUOT KpelliTaB rac WH-
BHJHHOT, Ce ROOmMHKU QO Tpajka, To atv 3a peBepoT H NOUHa a ro
Buleue, Tloroa HM KJIMMHA CO [laBaTa‘Ha MOsMiajuTe HM OBHe TO NpH-
gatuja, My TH cCTaBHja JIMCHMHTe, Ha pallere H CO MalUIHHKHTe BlepeHH
BO Hero YeTBOPHIa fO UCTypKaa OA AyKaHotT wa ysuna. Lupuaute u
MOMMLajuutTe OCTaHaa BHAaTpe.

»llro 6apall TH mp oBoj GaHgauT?“ u3BuKa ApyruoT WHBHI CO Ha-
Ma3HeTa UpHa KOCa H TaHKH MYycTauMiba, @aKajku ro uMyKo AvieKca
3a PeBepOT Of MaToTO.

» Koj, jac? 3anpauia crapHor Kako Ja He JOCMYWHAa asm Ha Hero
ce OHeCyBa.

tH, TH! ComMHHTeweH CH MH. TH Cu KomyHucT. Haypop!“ ce pas3-
BHKa m NpBHOT. »tlocere ro H OBOj.

Ce mpH6iuKuja ABajiata NOMMMUjiu, To paTuja wv ro u3BAeuKaa
HaaBpop. CrapwoT Ce oTHMalle, HM 300pyBalie AeKa WOWO a cu rH
nompaBa KOHAYpHTe, HO HHLITO He MY NoMaralle.

»A TH, ITHWO, wITO Gapalll BO OBaa NapTH3ancKa 6a3a?“ co BUCOK
rac H3BUKa TOj WTO ro u3Bueue Tpajka.

»CBOj MH e, TrocnomuHe,“ TpecejkKu TH BHAMUMTe OfBaj u3ycTY
“YOBEKOT ITO Cegelie Ha KiTynaTa.

_Jlaxxent, OaHAHT,« peye areHTOT CO 3aMa3HeTaTa KOCa H MY
YAPH CHJIHa WwakaHulla no muue. GoBeKOT Kako ITO Cemele Ha Kya

ee yin Ae ty rari u94 Sony 41a Rn HO3CTEe sig ea tt z
a ait Hil a Fl licaggti dict, UL Myja bY VELL mda Ay? yi THO

OBO] WeKa MY ce Haofa nO HO3e ro WHOHA CO HOFaTa NO CAaOnHa
[[Ba-TpH NaTH WH M3BHKa: ,,CTanH, MpCHHK. Cranu!“

Uopekot CTaka uw nouna za ja Opuiuie KpBTa Of JIMUeTO.

»tloceTe ro HW OBO], HM peye Ha NOJMMajWuTe areHTOT CO 3aMa-
3HeTa KOCa MoBeKe Co HulUaper.

Bo ayKanoT octaHaa CaMo ABajuata arentu. Ja 3aTBOpHja Bpa-
Tata, TO pa3sruleqdaa NVKavyoT U TO} WTO To uctTpra Tpa jKa oTH ye KOH

av ene aa Ay hasty aa Faun .ce Wide

MacaTa, ja OTBOpH duoKaTa HM NouwHa Ja yenka. Ce ruieqa eka He MY
Gelie HO Toa a Hajwe HeKOj] MaTepujat. Sadbatu co paueTe HelITO
KHWKHH ap, HeWITO HHKeJl, TH CTAaBH BO HeCOOBUTe OA MaHTaJiOHuTe
HW H3uleroa.

AgeKco ce Hajie BO yaacran ee Hero cToewse aedror co 3ann-
'3KaHa Koca. Croelile, ce dbaKkalile 3a TAHKHTe MyCTauha H My Ce Myviele
BO ouHTe OecaBo. CrapHoT ypH cera ro ceTH feKa e HallveH ojeKa
BO yKaHOT He MOxKelle fa 3ana3u. Cé craHa co @HJIMCKa Op3HHa
H HaefWall cHTe Tpojia ce Hajqoa B NowHuHja. Tlomynujanuot arexT
MY NocTaByBallle pa3HH yHaKPCHH Npaliiata fa ro 36yHu ynuKo AueKca
H a pa30epe wro Oapan Kaj Tpajxa. Ho ctapwoT Hu fa Tpemue:
» XOHAYpu UpaBeB,‘ H HHLITO noBekKe.

,MpcHHK, Jlaxkell,“ pa3HepBupaHO H3BHKa areHTOT, My ja H3Ball
Kanata Of raiapata uw ja dpa wa nogor. ,,Ajme a BUAMMEe Kaj Tebe
ACMa aJIM TH € 4nCTa padoTata.“

~ CTapuot My OfBparTu: »Mene MH e uucTa pao6otata, rocnozuue, “
u ce HaBenua ja cH ja 3eme Kanata. Kora ce HaBefHyBalle, areHTOT
3aMaBHa Co pakaTa H KOJIKKy WTO Moke ro yApH mo TunoT. OBoj ce
SaHviua HW Naha Ha KOJIeHBOU.

,Ajae, roTBH ce Za onume!“

1 OTOB CYM, OABpaTH CTapHoT uw fylWaTa My Ce KuHellle WTO Ke
HajqaT oma, wiro Ke CTaHe co myfeTo. ,,Cé ¢ cBpwieHo,‘’ NOMUCIH BO
cede CH. ;

Ojnea no naToT ABajuata H Mojyea. AreHToT He 3HaM TOYHO Jasin
HeuITO MHCJielue, 4 Ha CTapHOT KaKBH JIM MHCJIM He MY Ce MeTKaa HH3
ruiaBaTa; qa JH Ke OMfaT OTKpHeHH aH Ke rH cbataT nan Ke u36e-
raaT? MW womeka Taka MHCJlele, CTHrHaa BO KyKaTa H Byleroa BO JIBO-
por. Kora Bmeroa B kyKa areHTOT WITO Ke BHAH — Hewleramiure Ha-
BaJiceHH Ha Macata cnveja. [Bata wMaj3epa cBeTea Nog kpeBeror,
_reTtka Mapuja 6Oeute Bo MyfOaKxot. Arentot u3BHKa ynualueno: ,,[ITo
© OBa, OBAe HMa napTHsanH?!" uw nocerHa fa ce taka 3a peBouIBepor.

On BHKOTOT HevlerasiuuTe ce pa36ynuja, 36yHeTo ce normenaa #
MUcsiea TO a mpesemaT. Unuko Anexco wWiTo cToelle 3a areHToT
Kora BHAe KakBa e paOoTaTa HW AeKa areHTOT mocerHyBa 2a Fo u3Baqu
peBOJIBepoT, TO OTKauH OJ YHBHJYK HONTOTO MWaJiTo, BewHall ro pa-
CTBOpH H My ja NOKpyH rulaBaTa Ha areHToT uM peye: ,,ETe Toa e.“

AreHTOT WesHOT H36e3yMeH H MpectTpaileH u3BuKa: ,, To npaBu,
Ope MpcHuKk?“ Jl ypu ro cuMHa MaJITOTO OM raaBaTa, HeseramyHuTe bea

”

184

BO JBOpoT a 4HYKO Asiekco mo“Ha a TpYa KOH nopTata. AreHTOT
vugne3se Ha BpaTa HM ryleqajKW ro Kako Gera CrapHorT, ce ymaTH KOH Hero
BUKajKH: ,,CToj, croj! Ke mykam!“ Unuxo Aviekco u HaTaka Tpuyauie
10 One He coer aie ce Ha BHKalbeTO a MHCJewie oe HSBUIede
HO e€4HO Kollle H CBpTe BO eJHO TeCHO yulHye. redson TprHa no Hero.
Toraj uH4KO AuteKco Bulese BO eAHa nopTa onHaTpe ja sak sya.

Kora BHJle WeKa He Ce OTBapa, MyYKHa BO Gpapata Ba KypUlyMa H nop-
TaTa WupyM ce oTBopH. Tyky MofeKa oBoj ja oTBopalie moptara,
CTapvOT ce MpOBHpaliie HH3 MaJIOTO BPaTHHYe 3a a u3Nese Ha Apyrata
cTpaHa Ha yaunata. Jlomeka ce mpoBupaliie HU3 BpaTHHYeTO H Tp4allle
10 ABOpoT CH MuCJelle: ,,Bo rmaBHOTO H HajBaxKHoOTO ycneas. To onma-
JeYHB Ky¥eTO Of KyKaTa. [enata cé cera CHTypHO CKJOHETH. pyro
WTO Caka HeKa 6uye, jac Mowe HW fa 3arnHaM."

AreyToT yr KaKO pHC TO [pelle MMLITONOT B palle, OKOJTCH
KaKO JIHMOH BO JiHWeTO TP4allle, Hojze AO BPaTHHYeTO. Ho toa 6euie
3apeseHo. Ce o6ue Wa ro oTBopH, He Moxeule. [lorseqHa of romemata
myuka u ro Buse crapHoT. Tprua mo Hero Of AynKaTa efeH KypwlyM.
JTapHOT He Ce 36yYHH, Ce KauH Ha CKaJiWueTO, ce UCKauH Ha SHOT
M pHlva Ha ydHlla.

Kora Bue areHTO? JeKa He MOxKe Ja FO OTBOPH HHKaKO Bpat-
HW4eETO Ce NOBpaTH Ha3sal u saoOuKOJyBajKU mak fo cpeTHa CTapHorT.
WM wpajiata Tpyaa KoKy WTO MoxKatT. Ho cera ynyuKo Amekco Geule
Ranexy. Tpuame u cu Mucmeme: ,,AKo Me cbaTaT HB, Ke Me oTemaaT
Of Oveme, BAKA aKO He Me yOHe Ke ce cnacam u jac.’ HM taa mucaa
MY J\aBallle yllTe moroviemM Kypax H cé mOcHJIHO Oeralie HanNHyBajKH
rH HW NocweqHUTe CHIH.

AreHToT Bugle WeKa He MOKe Aa Lo BTaca, CusNTe To usqanqoa
KH M3BuKa: ,,CToj, cToj!“* Unuko Amekco He cToelle, JyreTO WTO MU-
‘HYBaa HH3 yJIWlla He CaKaa la MY MOMOrHaT, ON JIYTHHA HcMyKa He-
KOJIKY KYDPUTYMH.

CrapHoT ofefHalll oceTH Kako Ja ro KacHa HeliTO 3a paka. Ilo-
rieqHa, KpB My Teyauie HH3 AsanoT. Bo TpyameTo TO H3BaqH Ma-
paMyeTo, ja CTerHa paKaTa WM CKpllHa BO Apyrata yaH4Ka. SaBpTH BO
€MHO, Nocsie BO Apyro Kowle HM cocema ja u3sryOu Tparaya. ArexHTorT
Tp¥ale We BO efHa Me BO Apyra ysinwa, HO HampasHo. Bue eka ro
HCIyliTH CTapHoT Of paka. M3mopeH u 3afyuien ce ymaTH KOH Kykara.

Bo Hea TYORA OIYTA- wWuUwo4 Ha OAMaAratiywTA Cm WRAAD 2annT TIO IT MHETKA woKaraa
Cd ALM aiic MEANY J. LiLtvditi aJiInuTe LY Senieiaaes hse BYVAL Wea FV aa

mpeKy SHOBH a TeTKa Mapuja ce cokpH Kaj KomMmMMTe. AreHTOT 110-
cToja npey Kyka We JOT, H360e3yMeH H ce MHCJIeIWwe KaKO fla HalipaBu
VAT Aas Wwarrrrram TIla

XePpOjCTBO 3a fid ja noipaBL PpeuikaTda. Tloctoja H CH OTHAeGQ Ha3al
B mojHuHja. Ilo emeH Yac TpHeceTHHa NOMMMajWM HaOpyKaHH MO 3a0u
ja ONKOJHja KykKaTa HW n0odHaa NOApOOHO 2a MperpecysBaar.

JipyrvoT feu Beyepta unuko AjgeKco oruyge BO NapTH3ann.

185

DART THREE
PARE POINRCE
VOCABULARY

Definitions of related words have been grouped under single headings
where possible. The basis of dividing words into parts for this classification is
orthographical, not morphological or morphemic. In a few cases a word has been
slightly displaced in the alphabetical order so as to include it under another entry.

f a basic entry includes a boldface period (.) separating off the last letter
(or last few letters), the secondary entries begin with a boldface period. It is
then to be understood that all letters preceding the period in the basic entry
are also a part of the secondary words. For example—6ap4u.a garden .anyuja
gardener—is to be read 6aBya, OaBuaHynja; OGau.n 7 .ysa | is to be read 6aun
T Oanysa J,

If the secondary items represent the basic entry plus other letters, the
basic entry is indicated by a boldface semicolon (:) followed by the other letters.
Thus 6par brother :cxu brotherly is to be read O6patcku.

A non-boldface vowel in a noun or adjective indicates that the vowel drops
out in other forms of the same word; ayroxomen thus implies also ayTonomua,
and Maxkenonen implies Maxeonun.

The stress is marked if it does NOT fall on the antepenult of words of
three or more syllables, or on the first or only syllable of shorter words. It is
not indicated for the great majority of words, which follow this basic rule, and
for verbs ending in -moa, which usually stress the u (cf. 1. 42).

In the few entries where some phraseology is given, the basic entry is
represented by a dash (—); e. g. anan forgiveness, — cropn forgive, is to be read
acai cTopH.

. Numbers in parentheses refer to paragraphs in the grammar.

If the part of speech of the Macedonian word is cie_-r either from t.e
English m‘aning or from the Macedonian form, no grammatical indications
are given. Masculine nouns ending in -C@, feminines in -a, and neuters in -o or
~e are not marked. In other cases, the abbreviations m., f., and m., are used.
Adjectives and adverbs are marked only if there could be doubt. In secondary
entries, the abbreviation adj. may constitute the whole definition, e. g. esep.»
lake .ckn (adj.). This means that the adjective refers to the noun with which it
is associated; in this example the translation is thus ‘lake (water, shore, fish)’.
Similarly the the abbreviation (dim.) is considered a sufficient definition.

The plurals of nouns which have some peculiarities are given in paren-

theses; e. g. mucT (-oBn, coll. nucje). The feminine forms of adjectives which
need comment are given without parentheses; e. g. KaMeHeH, KaMeHa; 6o0.eH,
jHa (=6oen, 6GojHa).

Adverbs formed regularly from adjectives (see 3.1) are not entered in the.
vocabulary. A number of nouns formed from adjectives by means of the productive
feminine suffix -oct are likewise omitied (e. g. octpoymuHoct ‘cleverness’, cf.
ocTpoymen), although not all adjectives have corresponding nouns of this type.

187

a and, but a...a either...

a ya He unless

adaxYp lamp-shade

adep news

apOe (vocative particle)

aBau metal mortar

aBaHrapya vangurd

aBanTypa venture, adventure,
wild undertaking

aBanTyplcr adventurer

apryct August

apuGu airplane

aBToKeqbasienH autocephalous

aBTomMaTcKu automatic

aBpTromooln automobile

aBTOoHOMeH autonomous

aBTOHOMMCTM4KU autonomistic

apTop author

aBpTopuTétT authority

arayl == aroJ

aranmak rank of aga; property
of an aga i

areuT agent; police detective

arenTYpa agency; detective
office

arnsieH agile

arnuTannones,

an = wan RAN SAG

o
3

-um0Ha (adj.) of
propaganda, publicity

aroJ, armor (arsm) corner, angle

arpapeH agrarian

ayeT custom, usage, practise

aycKnu hellish

aeponsan airplane

amyep dragon

amypen up-to-date, efficient

anfyira alvhabet

aov yma LPIA

a3sauca T debauch, degenerate
asven asujum Asiatic (noun)
OnreMurwe Acj tia lads \

@SHCKRH ASlAtTIC (GOj.)

a30T nitrogen

aupsuuja good luck; fortunate

aj! well; let’s go

i

188

ajme let’s go :te let’s go
(addressed to more then one
person)

ajay.K (-um) hajduk, bandit,
rascal .we (dim.)

ajuyt/ajaytun bandit, rascal

ajayuxu hajduk’s, rascal’s

axa I wander

aKalul4uncysa I fit, become

axo if; approximately; that’s
all right; go ahead
akT (axTu/axtTosu) act; official

letter or document

aKTMBeH active

akTuBu3ipa I/T activate, make
active (usually political)

akTyéseH current, present-day,
actual

akTyésnocr f. present-day
reality, currentness

aKy3aTUB, aKy3aTiBoT accusa-
tive case

akymysnaTop storage battery

akunja action

aw’ (dial.) = yam

ana dragon

anajKa servant girl in
anan forgiveness, —
forgive, — mu Bepa! bravo!

amm (introduces a
vu ww vu

SAAR 1h ie Wwe “Me qu

amm60n alibi

ammurre piece of clothing;
usually pl., anuurta clothes,
clothing

ajioB red

aruarw Anl+
aJiAaam UVive

ama but
amas porter :exu porter’s

aadl

2
Aiansd.

AM Vass

aman!
amaHyMaH amendment
amam Turkish bath
amOap store-house, barn

ae ease American
ut, indeed

aMyMH amen

aH inn

avamxa Moslem

anadopa holy bread

anramipa I/T engage

aHrammaH engagement

ares angel sue (dim.)

Anrese m. name

Aursm.ja England .cxu English
waHell Englishman

aHkéTa inquiry, investigation

aHTepuja cotton blouse

anaprMay apartment, flat

anaur thief, roughneck :xu (adj.)
thievish

anen appeal :mpa I/T

anpusa April

amcaHa prison, arrest

anye pill

apamuja m. bandit

aprat.Kka day laborer .eme hired
day labor

apeu fine, beautiful, good

apec.a T .ysa I please

aM

bride

0a0.a grandmother; wife’s mo-
great-aunt, old woman
dj.) .waKa (dim.)

ffy, pale and

Oap.eu slow .u I slow

Oapu.a garden .anyMuja m. gar-
dener .wue little garden

Oarpem aca

Baqunx Christmas Eve

Gae I charm, c: ast s spells muaku
Acan ya TH Oajam — don’t
try to deceive me

nn ee ee

7

—— ee

Apnayt.una Albanian .cku
Apao ‘ama howeve r; but even so
apo, crapo apo little old man

apcyzau lion

apxuennuckonuja archbishopric

ackep soldier; Turkish army

ackeT ascetic

Son eres Astrakhar
Taman Cossack chief

aia village boundary
(= cnHop)

Atwna Athens

arnét athlete

acbepum bravo!

adbuow poppy; opium

allamu.ja m. immature, inexpe-
rienced person .max "wild
oats’, foolishness *

aylene (adj.) urgent

aum.ja m. pilgrim (hadji) .1ax
pilgrimage (for Moslems to
Mecca; for Christians to Je-
rusalem: gives right to title
hadji) .cxm hadji’s

auikoucyH bravo, excellent

auimak (a negative epithet)

city limit
produce in

for right to sel
market

6a3sa base

Gajauka wiSe-woman, sorceress;
fortune-teller

Sajfu quite a lot

Oajxa fairy-tale.

Gajpak banner, pennant
faran tin

Sipe v.

Oampap toll paid at
l

1 wads

Oaxapu I worry about
OaxpyanuK polenta, corn-meal

Sees

189

OakUIMIt

Oaxmmm gift, alms

6anonH baloon; kite :4e (dim.)

SaHKap banker

fa Te Ne Gea Rd

oapa i: aemana, seek

OapadaH small drum

Oapmayue little water vessel
PUN ab Cade

OapéTKa beret

Gacamak step

G6aceH swimming-pog!

VALS ER OVV sk ss sds UV

Oacta I rave, be delirious

OaTakunja m. swindler, cheat

Oau.m T .yBa I kiss

Oautin germ, bacillus

oauo m. elder brother

Oam just, exactly

Oam- chief-

Oamrruna homeland, fatherland

Oneune vigil, wakefulness

Oebe baby

Ger. beg, bey (Turkish rank)
:OBcKNM beg’s

Ger.a I flee, run .crso flight

Oen.eH poor .HocTt f. poverty

OexuueH wireless

Oe3. (prep.) without (4.301)

6e36emm right! surely!

Oe36poj infinity

Oe3BoneH not desirous,
unwilling

OesBy4eH soundless, voiceless

OesrpuxKeH carefree

Oe3nHa abyss

SOezupyro of course, without
question

OesnymenH soulless

OesxmnBOTeH lifeless

Geasaneten fully devoted,
unquestioning

OessamrrmrenH defenceless

Ge3s3emjam landless peasant

desu3ue3seH having no exit, no
way out, hopeless

190

OesHayemen hopeless
6e3Ha4ya.eH .jJHa insignificant
Oes003upHo ruthlessly
6e300Da3HO em £ amniidence
oesOUpasHOCcT jf. imipuacence,
shamelessness
6esomaceH safe
hasaniaAannno a Se ne eed
OCS pavotcH ULllciliplyuy cu
Oespeyme disturbance, anarchy
Oesycnemen unsuccessful

Aeuru —_— Aen
wwesae UWuUdi SS ML
Oem white

Oe. — OemenmkKa

mark , Stamp, brand

Oenersuja mane

Oenee I look white, be white

Oenexnu I note

Oenemka note

demu I make white, bleach

OemKu, Genkum perhaps

Oeny3uaB whitish

Sema misfortune, trouble

Oenyne.a T .yBa I like

OeneBpern (pl. tant.) trousers

Gen3uH gasoline, petrol

OepOar mess :eu filthy

Oepe I gather (17.2)

Cep3a bourse

Sepnket harvest, production

Oepokykunx home-loving man

GecBeceH unconscious

Oecen furious

Oecn I hang

Oecusme helplessness,
impotency

Secuuka gallows

OeckoHe4y.eH endless .HocrT f.
infinity

GeCKOHTpoeH unchecked,
uncontrolled

OecKopne.eH useless, profitless
-HocT f. uselessness

odeckpBenu bloodless, anemic

OecxyK.en homeless .nuxK home-

less man

SecmucseH senseless

6ecmpt.eH immortal .HocrT f.
immortality.

OecHee I rage, be furious

CecoHKnMa insomnia

OecnareH trackless; undisci-
plined

Gecnaaten free, gratis

Oecnn0y.en fruitless, barren
-HocT f. sterility

SecnomonreH helpless

OecnpaseH without right(s)
-Hocr f. lack’ of rights, -
injustice

SecnpumepeH without peer,
unparallelled, unheard of

OecnpucTpacres impartial

Oecpam.en shameless, brazen
-HUK .Hyua Shameless, brazen
person

OeccuaeH powerless, helpless

Oecrenecen bodiless

GecTpara without trace

Oectpam- (dial.) == 6ecpam-

Oecrpamren fearless, unafraid

Secqpopmen formless

OecueneH aimless, pointless

G6ecuen/:er priceless

Oecuec.TeH, .Ha unhonorable,
dishonorable .nocr f. dishon-
orableness

SecuoBneuHocT f.

OecitymMeH noiseless ;

OeTOHOMelanKa concrete-mixer

Sekap bachelor

Seupu pl. tant. broad trousers
of heavy homespun

OnuOnnoTéKa library

Ouznon water-buffalo :mya (f.)
:eku (adj.) ue water-buffalo

inhumani

Ourop tufa: sorrow, bitterness

Osry HeLy

oun.e T .yna/aypa I be
Oue I hit, strike, fight
Ounbun, OuwOuH nightingale
Ouaje herb

OumKa medicine

OunteH bulletin

Oupasmmure voting-place
Oupo office, bureau

‘OupoxKpar bureaucrat

Oucta bust

_OuTue being, existence

OurKa batile

OuTHOcT f. essence

Burow.a Bitola (city, SW Mac.)
.cKu Of B. .uanenm native of B.

Oucbé small bar-restaurant,
snack bar

Onar mild

Onaroner f. advantage, mercy

Onarocnosp blessing :u I bless
seu blessed

Onarora cheese products

Onaya T rave

Onazé_cu_my (Tu, Hi) fine for
him! (you, her, etc.)

Ouex pale :mno pale color :Hus10-
sHocT f. paleness

Onee I bleat

Onecas stupid, foolish

Onecox gleam, shine

OmmxKUu I near, approach (10.12)

_O1m3MHa nearness

Onu3Hak twin

OM.30K, .cKa near

Oumxa I overflow with, radiate
(a quality)

Onmxu.e T .yga I shine, burst
forth

Onucxy [x0] near [to]

OumcHe T splash, splatter

On0Kaya blockade, drag-net

Onye T vomit

Onyaem sinner, one who errs

193

OyTKaB

OmyTKasB tasteless, flat

Sonya big cloth

GoBYanaK amount of linen which
can be placed in a 6osuya

Gor (-onm) god

Soramu (a mild oath)

Sorat rich :am rich man :cTBO
wealth, riches

SoromMHJICTBO movement and
teachings of the Bogomils
(religious sect)

SoromoncKku pious, pseudo-pious

Boropogznya the Virgin Mary:
place name; feast day

Gonap bold

Oone I stick, stab

Oonex stab, stabbing pain

Oon.He T .“Ha I/.ayza I gallop

60.en, .jna fighting, battle

Ooxe, Boxe Voc. of dor (2.1613)

Go2xem allegedly, supposedly,
as if

OoxectT.Bo divinity «pen divine

Boxwunuk/Bowuuk Christmas 60-
muKen/Oomuken of C. 60-
mukra (adv.) at C.

6oxKUKaK rainbow

Ooxju godly, divine, God’s

doxypKa wild scarlet poppy

So3noran club

dou ce I (10.12) fear

doumte battle-field

00j (Goesu) patile, fight

6oj height, uoseuku OGoj the

Goja color : m.

Sojasnus timid, fearful

Oompa flea .

Oom.en ill, sick: painful .ecr f.
illness .eurrmuma pain .u I pain,
ache, hurt .Ka ache, pain

192

Oomcue T flash

°
An TIMAIZIO ry OUWIHA
VUIGIELAMMYa Git. VU vy¥ii—

store, shop

SomoapaupésKa bombardment,
bombing

(-oBu) coupon

oHOOGHK candy, bonbons
apu I be occupied with

6.a struggle, fight .en fi
ing, aggressive

Oop.eme fighting, wrestling .en
fighter .euxu fighter’s .u ce
I fight

Bopucos Boris’s (Boris, Tsar of
Bulgaria)

Sopu (-oBn) debt

Soc barefoot, unshod

Socunex basil

Sousa big wine-barrel

Opasa lock

OpaBo brave

Opaya beard

GpanaByua wart

Opasya furrow

6pasnéTHa bracelet

Opax wedding, wedlock

Opan (-opu/-uuITa) wave

Suara barrier. feene, dike
vpara WALLIS L, AAI, MATa ys

oO

cr Sr’ Or Or
°
bs

o
SS

Cm

GOpauu I defend, hold off
KO m. (dim.)’

Opar brother :ko m. (dim.) :cxu
brotherly, fraternal :crTsBo
brotherhood

Oparan.ey brother’s son .muua

brother’s daughter
Oparyye.4 cousin .TKa
Opaka pl. of Opar
Opaueyx (dial.) — Oparyuenx

O6pbHe T burble, bubble

Opoopu I gurgle, murmur

6pro quickly S6pro-6pro very
quickly

Opry quickly

Ops quick, rapid, speedy :a I
hurry :muna speed, rapidity

Oper (-ospn) shore, bank

OpemeH pregnant :ocr f.
pregnancy

Opect elm

Opwun I shave

Opmite I wipe off, erase

Opxa I chase; confuse

pkue T mix up, rummage
about; chase

Oposuuur (-34) Browning
(revolver)

Opoy (-opn) ford: boat

Sponm I wanders

Opoennun (dial.) = Opojannun

Opon I count (10.12)

6poj (Gpoenu) number

Opojaunun pl. tant. rosary,
prayer-beads

Opojau counter

OpouseH (of) bronze
Opomypa brochure, pamphlet

' Bpcjax (Old tribal name for
Slavs now inhabiting most of
western Macedonia)

Open I nibble, graze

6pyT (OpyKe) spike, long nail

opun I buzz, hum

oOpurmaH ivy

6y6ak cotton

OyOper (-3u) kidney

6yp (OyBOBH) owl

13 Macedonian grammar

i

6’cHe

6ypa I bang, slam

OyBamka beater (for clothing,
etc.)

Oyz.ta I we T
slam

Byrap.uja Bulgaria .wuH pl.
Bulgarian .cxu (adj.)

G6yzan.a fool .aurrunma .witTnHa
foolishness .wHKa a bit of a
fool

Oyun I waken, be awake

Oy.en, .jua sturdy, excitable,
untamed, lush

Oysa lip

6yuna freshet: woman with
uncombed hair

Oyipym if you please, be so good

6yKa beech

Oyxsa letter (of alphabet)

OyKoT roar

Byxypemt Bucharest

OyuKka wild scarlet poppy

6yayK herd of sheep :6anmia
captain

OyHap well

Oyuuure garbage heap, dump

Oype barrel

OypeH stormy

Oyp2xoa Mm. bourgeois :3eH (adj.)
:3uja bourgeoisie :cku (adj.)

OytHe T shove, push

OytTypihak ill-humored, leth-
argic, having hangover, partly
paralysed

Gyuana Oyueme buzzing,
humming, roar

yan touseled

cue (dial.) = OoncHe

Hypa | bang,

AN

B. — BMW; BeK; BeCHMK

B/sBo (prep.) in, into (4.302)

Baran shallow wooden mortar
(for grinding BODES: onions,

BaroH railroad car

gana furrow

wanu I (17.011) take out, draw
(water): irrigate, water; —
Ha camKa photograph

nara I take out

BazkKen Serious, important: valid

Baza vase
pakos such, of that kind
paanu I, — oran lay fire

Basmja m. (Turkish) administra-
tor, ruler of a large area

Baska I dirty, soil: roll

Baguecr round, oval

Bam (see Bue and 2.31) to you

samo on the other hand,
however

Bamy (to) here, this way

Bamy Tamy/sBamy-rTamy hither
and yon

Baaremmja Gospel

Ballnan painted

sap m./f. lime, whitewash

Bapaap the Vardar river
BapyapcKH (adj.)

Bapanu I keep, guard

rapu I cook: digest

capuBgo cooked vegetable

Eapoca T whitewash

fac (cf. Bue and 2.31) you

paca [my] I take revenge on
[someone]

naka (dial.) = dpaka

nan, Bala; Baute your (2.313)

Bryiema af look at, into

3

Brpanu T _ build in
Brpanuu T grasp firmly

Byane [my] ce T (17.316) suc-
ceed, strive for, yearn for

BaaxHoBeHHe inspiration

BaeHe T thread, put in

Bamadeun T make deep, hollow
out

BIOB:ely Widower .eukM wido-
wer’s .wa widow

Be (cf. Bue and 2.31) you

Bee I blow, waft

Bena lightening

Benap clear

BeyapHuija clear, cold winter
night

BeqHanl at once, immediately

Bera eyelash

BeRba exercise

Besyeu all day long

Bese I (17.311) embroider

BeseumKa embroiderer

Be3sMe gunpowder-sack

Bejau scoop (for tossing grain,
so that the chaff will blow
away)

BeK age, epoch :osut eternal,

age-long

Be veil, bride’s lacy head-
covering

Benec = Tutos Benec Veles
or Titov Veles (city, central
Mac.)

Beylell.aHey (anu) native of V.
Ku (adj.) of V. ,

Besm I say

Benmurgen Easter

BeuMK great

BewMKoOyrapcKu pan-Bulgarian
(political advocate of a great-

ant T~An

er D Bulgaria)

BeJMKOrpuKH pan-Greek
BejIMKOcDNCcKN pan-Serbian

aAwane Vanw

ficent .o

== ats

BeCJMUCCTS.CH magnif
magnificence

Benjan (m. name)

BemMOoma Mm. magnate, nobleman

Bene I fade, wilt, wither

Benya JT Benuaga 2 marry, have
a wedding

BeHYa.BKka wedding ceremony
“we wedding

Benap (-mapet, -mpoeRn)

Bepoa belief

BepBpepuna squirrel

Be pruja tax

Bepojat.eH probable .Hocr f.
probability

nepyra [my, ro! I believe

Becer gay :6a party, celebration

Beclay oarsman

BeCHUK Newspaper

spect f. news, piece of news

Betap (-rpot)/

Betep (-TepoT, BeTpoBnm) wind

spetTnu T promise

BeToRB old

BeTyBa/BekaBa I promise

BeKe already, still, as early as;
— He, no longer

Beye (dial.) = Beke

eterna :

skillful :ep wizard, sorce-

boar

ws

eueH
OTT

Ber

rer: old man :mna skill, art.

‘wna witch
BxKemmTH T heat up
Bu (cf. Bue and 2.31) you
BuBHe T wind, spiral: flare up
Bug sight, aspect
Buyen.una /.0 light
Buen visible, in sight; respec-

table, well-thought-of

Buyu T (17.01) see
Buy.auB visible .ox sight

BUTeEJT

Bhta/sutapa I see (often

regularly)

BurapKa Visitor to newborn
child

Bue (Bam BM, Bac Be; 2.31) you

Bue I howl

Busantuja Byzantium, the
Eastern Roman Empire,
Constantinople

Bu30a cellar

BU3MT Visit

Buena Vienna

Buja (dial.) = opne

BMK.a I .wze T .nypa I shout, call

rs«xer shout, shouting :nsnna
shouting

BuKyM aloud, loudly

Buua fork, pitch-fork

Bunaet vilayet, (Turkish)
province

BuneH raging, furious

Bunya jaw

BupyunKa fork

Buna guilt, fault

BiuneH dark red, wine-colored

BMHO wine

BUHOBHMK gui

BUHOMUTO rainbow

Bune wine (dim.)

Buop whirlwind

BMpee I ripen

BuposutT swirling, with whirl-
pools ;

Bucu I hang

BucoK high

BucoyectBo highness (title)

BucTnna truth: (adv.) in truth,
to be sur

BucTuH.MTocT f. trueness, genu-
ineness .cku true, genuine

Butre3 hero, count, knight

Buren whirlpool

Ity one

195

Damir
Bri na

ButTka I wind, wrap, roll,
squirm
BuTOK slender and tall

Buysmya snowstorm

Bruin (2.23) higher

Buon (dial.) = Buyen; v. BuAe

BKameueT rigid :ocr f. rigidness

BKameun I become rigid

T sour, go bad

BkKIyun T include; turn on
(electricity)

BKouaHn ce T become rigid

BKpaj beside, on the edge

BKyc taste

Buaz (Baacu, 2.1311) Vilach,
Mac. Rumanian, Arumanian
s¥e little Vlach

BHanatem ruler, possessor

BuaqikKa m. bishop

BaaxK.eH damp .HocT f.
dampness

Buanukxa (female) Viach

BuaKHeCT hairy

Bact f. power, government

Bulac.teH, .Ha ruling, comman-
ding, predominating

BAacToyp wey (-muM) ruler

Buaumy (adj.) Viach

BunamxKo Rumania

BuesBa I pour into

BueryBa I enter, go in

Bue3 entrance

Bpuese T (17.313) enter

pueye T (17.312) drag, pull;
— ce creep

Bueun.BeuKa dull, slow person
lomm awkward, slow person

BueuKa mules (type of slipper)

BueuKO m. iazy-bones

Bunjae I influence

influence

Buor deposit

wWwaAPeroa
AAPAUALWY

.
We wrt

BUMjanHc

196

ee a rer

BOweH inserted, deposited

BMecTo instead of

RMetHe T put in

BHaTpe inside

BHec.e T (17.319) .yBpa I carry
in, introduce

BHMMa.Ba I pay attention .Hue
attention .renen attentive

BHOc import; contribution

BHY.K grandson; nephew .ka =
Ka granddaughter, niece .ye
(dim. for either)

BO Uv. B

Boa (dial.) = ona

Bopeye T (17.316) lead in

Bopupa I push into, bury in

Bosue little train, narrow-guage
train

Boxa water

Boyau leader

BOXBMb vaudville

BoyeH watery, of water

Bonen wet, soaked

Bown I lead

Bogznun ‘pl. tant. Twelfth Night

Boyuo (Village and mt. just
outside of Skopje)

BoycTso leadership

Boeu (adj.) of war

Bo3 train, wagon

Bo3s0yya excitement

Bo3sBuuieH elevated, lofty,
exalted :ocr f. height;
exalted position

Bo3ropnee ce T be proud,
overbearing

Bo3sauBHe T groan, sigh

BO3MnIKa groan, sigh

BOSayX air

Bo3sHn0 vehicie

Ro30B0fa m. locomotive
engineer

Boucnasp (m. name) Voisiav

BOjBOn.a voyvoda (military
leader KH (adj.) .eTBO
(position, rank, of v.)

BojHu.K (-14m) soldier .4uKu
soldier’s, military

BojcK.a army .osonen general

BOojyBa I war, wage war

BoKa vowel

Box {-oBn) ox

Bonen free

BOK (BontM) wolf

BOH.a Wool .ecr wo

BoNoBap ox-herder,
oxen

Bomuxu wolf-like

Boo6pa3su T imagine

olw’
oly ;
guard for

BOOnWITO in general, (not) at all’

sme arming,
state of

BoopyxKeH armed
armament :ocr f.
being armed

Boopymwu T (10.12) arm

BompoceH in question

BocKpeceHne resurrection

BockpecH.e T .yBa I resurrect

BOCOK Wax

Bocumt.a T bring up, educate
-yBa I .au tutor

RocTanM.e uprising, revolt .x«
rebel -

BocxnT delight :1 T :ysa I
delight

pParrre Iniica
DPUVUIUMCE IUD

BrepeH directed at, fixed on

BneyaToK impression

™ Arinie up blot:
> MEV.

B lI Ppa T a
A MALALIIN

Who RPC 4 o\

— ce, become attached
Bunwie T write in

incidentally

pa.dem (-mM) Sparrow
(female) sparrow

B .onna

BpCHUK

Bpas (-opm) sheaf of grain laid
on threshing-floor ready
threshing

Bpar (-oBm) unpleasant, incorri-
gible person; enemy

Bpazxe unmanageable, incorri-
gible child

Bpanye little sparrow

Bpactre T (17.320) grow in,
*ingrow”’ (toenail)

BpaT neck :en (adj.) neck
ata (zpake) door
atu T return, give back

BpatTuHye little door

Bpaka I return, give back

BpamiKn (adj.) to spame

BpOa willow :K place where
willows grow

BpG6ysBa I recruit

BpB (BpBoBN) tip, top, point,
crest

Bpspu I move on, pass (time):
‘fall (of rain, snow)

BpBuya path

BpBoruya confusion, milling
about

Bpega turmoil, noise

Bpepu I cause turmoil, racket

Bpeme time,

te

el

p
P
p
p

weather

Bpecok shouting, screaming
mnatt ek =7 TFTarTs l(aam \
Bpea. ACK .VIHC (aim7.)

Bpwem fermentation,
unrest
BpHe I rain, fall like rain

necktie

*
rRnerna connection; SLUTS VU.

pyprena Y 2ivtrv
BpcHukK contemporary, person
of same age

197

BpPTM

Bptn I turn

BptTKa I turn, twist

Bpyk hot

Bpyku I heat, make hot

BpyKnuna heat

BpxoBeH Supreme

BpuKa jar

BpmauKa threshing-machine
pum I carry out, execute:
thresh :g0a threshing :Ten
executor

BceneHa universe

Beuyura ce T become completely
engrossed in listening

BcTpana to the side

BCyliHOCcT in essence,
essentially

Braca T — craca

BrBpgaHe T make hard, firm

BTepa T drive into

Brop(m) second (2.94)

Bropwuen secondary

Tr. = rocnoqun;

ragu ce I be revolting,
unpleasant

rafa I aim, guess

razap/razsep bottom (of pot)

ra3u I step on, tread

Fa3u6a6a (hill and Moslem
cemetery in Skopje)

ra3sv.en, .jHa (adj.) kerosine

rau I nourish, harbor

rajje worry

rajpert comfort

ranu I caress, pet

ranm6a perhaps, probably

rammmatujac tirade

raurerep gangster

roqnna

198

a a

BTOpHHK Tuesday

BTOpocTene.HeH, .Ha Secondary,
second-rate

BTopnat a 2nd time, for the
2nd time

Byj.KO ™m. -KoBuM Mother’s bro-
ther .Ha mother’s brother’s
wife

Byxos (adj.) of Vuk S. Karadzié

‘(great Serbian linguist and
collector of Serbo-Croatian
fotk poetry, 1787—1864)

BupBHu ce T turn red, blush

Buac in a moment, all at once

Buenka T grasp, get a good grip
on

Buepa yesterday

Buepa Beuep yesterday evening

Buaum ce T become heated
(exertion, emotion): be
amazed

Bume T sew in

ransa ce I shuffle

raHsayo m. shuffler, awkward
person

rapa3 hate

rac (racopn) gas

racenu.ua caterpillar .uaB
infested with caterpillars

racne T quench

raraney, story-teller, sooth-
sayer

raku pl. tant. trousers

rakHuk/ramHnuKk trouser-strap,
belt

r. r. == rocnoya

r-fa = rociofra

Greek frontier)
Temu.ja boat .uuja m.
sailor
Tenagnuja (m. name) Genadii
TeHHj genius :anen of genius,
__ masterful

Seen uve aud

boatman,

HOBE namej Genevive;
Sea L great beauty

repMaHcnts German

Tepman.ey German .uja Ger-
many

tu (cf. onm/tue and 2.31) them

ruoa I bend

ruyu (vocative particle)

ru3fap well-groomed, fussy
about dress

Tun0THHAa guillotine

THMHa3iuja gymnasium (school
for 4th to 12th year of edu-
cation)

TMMHa3Hjarel gymnasium-pupil

rune I perish

runmc piaster (of Paris)

ruapa head; chief; chapter;
main part

TUAaBHO chiefly

ruaron verb :exu verbal

rnaxen hungry

‘TnagysBa I be hungry, starve

rnaamja/rmamHa ember, coal

Tuaec voice .ue (dim.)

wrarasr cn q
BVAGYU Ye sou LMA

rmac.ea voiced, loud .Ho (adv.)
aloud, loudly
rien look :a I look :a4 onlooker

pa a ee ai(te

THej, rnejte (dial.) = rneqaj(r

ce

raya (-opn) knot (in wood)
Tuyn :aB stupid :ocr f. stupidity

ray.men (Buu) mouse

mach eriiah
111iGdolly LL Uoll,

rHac repulsiveness :a filth, re-
pulsive thing, person :en
filthy, revolting : I dirty,

WTartor1rre

T Wr
Bivawy 205 i

Bt ess

make filthy ‘ormmax (dial.)
nastiness, nasty things
rHeB anger :eH angry
Se ene ond nl atranre< em FTF “1M 91OV
rHet yoke, slavery :e I (17.318)

knead, press, oppress

rHuya nit, louse-egg, young
louse

rHn.e I rot .a rotten

THO = rpancknu wapoyen o700p

PS
ay

rHoj Manure :oca T suppurate,
be infected

ro (cf. toj/ow and 2.31) him, it

ropef.ap cattle-herder .apaux

cattle-yard .apue little cattle-

herder .o cattle, cow, bull
.cxo bee

roBop talk, speech, dialect :m I
speak

roquna (coll. roqume) year,
(rarely,) moment

royuHaga (adv.) this year

royumen yearly, annual

rou I (10.12) fatten

ron bare, naked

rona6/ryma6 dove, pigeon

ronem big, large

aor (adj.) barehanded

romta I swallow

TOUT os poorest of pcor

ronnu I chase, pursue, persecute,
prosecute :Tez pursuer, per-
secutor

ropa proud see I be proud :oct

approxima
ropeH eae
ponent LO :4Ha heat

“{
>
;
/
ho
o
$

oy
<O
sO

ropuna

ropnua grove, little forest

repox bitter

ropouser edelweiss

ropunna bitterness

ropusmus bitter :ocr f. bitterness

rocnox Lord :ap owner, master,
lord :apyga I control, rule, be
master :1H gentleman, mister

top of the Lord :cxu lordly
:eTBo gentry; ladies and gen-
tlemen
rocnol.a Mrs.. madame. ladv
LUULLVUILA JIVIID., lla ic, iauy
mua Miss, young lady
rocTuHu Eeaee 2.1314) guest

CTBO" pe esol

roctysBarme visit, visiting

rorteu I prepare, make ready

rorosp ready, finished :Hocr f.
readiness

Tene Jienuez Mac. revolution-
ary leader and hero,
1872—1903

rp. = rpay, rpam

rpaodsumB rapacious

rpabue T grab, grasp, steal,

pap pea(s)

rpay city, town

rpan.oa building, construction
fact) .exx building (process)

(Uecu) WULLAL PULLOUT
.exen (adj.) building .eaxu-
wiTBo building industry mu I!
build

rpayn pl. tant. brea

sts,
rpagnumure building s
rnanmwna garden

rpagmna garden

rpayceKu (adj.) city, municipal

rpara material

rpafanen (rpafann 2.1314)
citizen

rpafran.Ka citizen (f.) .cxu civil;

bourgeoi ce
aw i ee

ae

chest
site

200

|

rpamaga (coll.. rpamafe) mound,
heap
p
rpamoqdou gramophone :cxu
(adj.)
rpaHan — rpaycko HapoyqHO
nmpetnpujatue (food stores}

aop a ick-peas

ttle town

rpes 3 (-oBi) sin

rpesota great sin

rpee I warm, glow

rpeil.aBa I sin, make errors .eH
sinful, erroneous

rpuono rake

rpywoK.a worry, care, concern
ame careful, painstaking

rpumaca grimace

Tpx ((pun) Greek

Ipxuuka Greek woman

rpkuan throat, gullet

rpogxa I grunt, snort

rposye little grape

rpo3n

rposeu terrible, fearfui

rpos3je (coll.) grapes cyB6 rpo3je
raisins

rpcer (-opm) (double) handful

rpy6 rough, rude, gross

rpysa I thresh

I'pumja Greece

rpuee ce rT become Hellenized

-nopr) orana
VaEryny &+ Wo] EAS

de
Ses
(
ir

AA orale
oe VV», surge
ryzxBa I muss up, Squash
ryna6/rona6 dove, pigeon

a
rynanue (dim.)

ryma rubber
rymuo threshing-floor
ryyHrysua crowd, crush, mob

mae ee OA VR, ‘

dove
MAY VN

ma yes, indeed: that; in order
to; may (cf. §21)

nad (nabje) oak

mapa I give

nasn I suffocate, drown

mane T (8.1, 14.11, 17.316) give

qaupe tamburine

qakTuorpadm stenographer

maura broad wave

manexy (adv.) far, distant

mann (introduces a question),
whether

yanjaH old-fashioned long rifle;
a type of fish-trap (Struga);
tall man

wammopny far-seeing

qWauHOBOA acqueduct

namKa spot, freckle :B spotted,

a, WBe 2
aBaecemnna 20 (group)
yBaecer 20

wBaeceTnerTro

weeavwwasa

en

ee

a eget

ryHa a hear

(usually women’s)
rypOer — neyanba, crpaHcTBo
rycak gander

rveayg "1 rat

yceap pirate
rycka goose :p gooseherd
:pHuwa goose-girl
ryer, thick
ryma throat
ryui.Ka I .we T throttle
TY

r
rea = rocnornMira

age

aS

aBaecettu 25th

mpBaectuna 20 (group)

aBajua 2 (males)

yBanaecet 12

aBanatu twice

uBa-tTpu 2 or 3

aBeroqumen 2-year-old

mpecre 200

mBectoten 200th

ABIK.ewhe movement, motion
euKM moving, motive m I[
move

q-BO — JpyuITBO

aBoqHeBeH 2-day

aBoen, WBoOjHa double

dual (gram.)

upon I divide in 2 (10.12

YYW ITT
AbDOMHa

~~?

aBoKaTHMa 2-story house
WBoHoem«e hined
FA WAU £45 RIANA

yBop (-opm) yard, court;
aBOyMere doubt, indecision

me (vocative particle) me...me

©

pwite J Vee

mesper- (v. 2.94

yeslii3za currency

eBoj.Ka girl, maiden .KnH
girl’s, maiden’s .ue little girl
-aMHCcKNM girlish .wuurre great
girl

wenqun (adj.) to qeno

nexo m. grandfather; wife’s
father; great-uncle; old man

ejay (vocative particle)

yejnocr f. activity

aeKxa that, because

mexémppu December

wen (-opn) part, share, fraction
onuirT ex (grammar) root,
stem

mwenaa divider .exa division .
I divide .ym partly .ue little
part

Jlenuen v. Tove

memantu denial

aemautupa I/T deny

memek that is, so, I mean

emouctpatnwBpen having the
character of a demonstration

Aemmp Xucap ( ee) in Greek
Macedonia) idhirokastron;
(area at source of Crna river)

gemue I lurk, lie in wait

neu (2 ena, 4HH/yeHosn) day

weunry6a loss of time: loafer

jyenryOu I waste time

ylenec, Wenecka today

yeHonokue period of "24 hours

jwenta (adv.) that day

were by day

mepa poison

mepe I (17.2) tear, bother, annoy

wecen right, right-hand

mecet (2.94) 10

jeceTroqumen 10-year-old

202

|

mecHuma right hand

metas detail

mete (pl. neya) child

ynet.wueKku childish, immature
-mHcTBO childhood .exu chil-
dren’s, childish .erso child-
hood

mena pl. children

menenuja decade

aus sigh, deep breath

auGex fool

mu6eye little fool

yuennHa wild animals, animals

yurne T lift, raise

qMSrun rein

muKen two-pronged hoe

quKratypa dictatorship

muspoep lover

auMaMK smoke-stack, chimney

aura melon

mun (particle emphasizing the
following word)

qunsnomupa I/T receive diplo-
ma, graduate

aupextop director :4ue (dim.)

yucafu saddle-bags

amum I breathe

ule we breathing

yna6u I chisel, hoilow out

y1a00.K deep .umua depth, deep
place

awaH/WranKa palm of hand

yHeBHuMK diary

mHO bottom: back (of stage)

a (0. (prep. ) to, up to, until (4.304)

yoara I arrive, come up to

yoajén doyen

yo0a (neuter!) time

yoOap good

yoOu.pa I .e T get, receive

yoour f. gain, profit

noOuroK, AoOunM beast, cattle

qoonmum.u1 T .ysa I
near

jmoope yojye! (formula)
welcome!

yoOpuna good quality, goodness,
kindness

HoSpo (noun) good

yoopo (cu) Zomon welcome!

yoOpo (cym) Hammon (answer to
this formula)

no6posneuep the greeting
” good-evening”’
moOposomenm volunteer .euxu
volunteer’s

approach,

ZOOpotTszop benefactor
ypoopé6ytpo the greeting

he gr
"good-morning”’
yoBara == joara

mosen.e T (17.316) .yra I lead to,

bring in

joBeka forever

moBepOa trust, confidence

mosepy I convince

yosukue T call to, reach by
calling

jonyepamen that which existed

until yesterday, former,
recent

norawa I Toi mu nee Ha
Hero. He reminds e of him,

resembles him.
yornena T see, catch sight of
jorospop agreement, treaty,
contract
monagye T (14.1, 17.316) add
ywoxarox addition
jyomeanoct f. annoyance,
boredom
nonesa I annoy, bore
yoneKka while, — ne until
nonomy downwards
omy (-opn) rain :opex of rain,
rainy

eee

monara

qompaney salamander

yomune T (17.11) complete
harvesting

yo360p.u T .ysza I finish speak-
ing, complete speech

you I (10.12) nurse, breast-feed

“ourpa T dance to end

a= ons

yojye T (17.323) come, arrive

Yoxame T (10.161) prove,

demonstrate
moKaz proof, piece of evidence
qoKaj (prep. to, to the house

(home, r of (4.2)
woKpaj to ae end: to the
edge of
moxpanca T finish off
non valley
woman cupboard, closet
nonr long

yonroseseuH centuries-long,
long-lived, of long duration

momen lower

mosoKen indebted

yomKu I lengthen; owe :Ha
length

yomuuocr f. duty

nonsnu (dial. m. pl. adj.) =
nour

mony below,

0 down

a at home

aoMeiae eer of house, host,
properly nventional
:CTBO Heeenoras household
economy

7OMaieH “home(made),
(not foreign)

yomorne ce T succeed

youne to that place

yjoHekaye to a ‘certain extent

man
LL1CAiL

local

qouocyBane bringing forth
nonara I please: fall into (one’s
hands)

203

yonaTu

wonatTu next time, another
time

monupa I reach, touch, halt

AOMWMCHH.K correspondent .4Ki
correspondent’s

monuiutysa I correspond

nonomiu T .ysa I complete;
make additions to .exme sup-
plement .eT completed, sup-
plemented

nonpsBa not until (future)

monpe T (17.1) reach (m0); touch
(Ha); penetrate: halt

nonyuitn T admit, permit

mocagen boring, annoying a”e-
canHo mu e I’m bored

nocspum T complete

Hoce (m. name)

mocera up to now, hitherto
sme (adj.)

mocné dossier, file

mocnezen consistent

qocTa enough; rather

moctan entry, access :eH acces-
sible, available

moctacysa I be sufficient

wocToeH, Zecrojna worthy

wOCTOMHCTB.oC worthiness,
dignity .ex. dignified

norep.a T .yga I drive to or past
the limit; improve, perfect,
— ce get dressed up in best
cjothes

neToraj, RoToramr. up to that
time

notpua T run up to

noyun T study to the end,
finish stu dies

nodps.a I

T .yBa I throw in,
interject :
moxom income :en (adj.)
mouwenu late

QnA
4U4

aAciHa (adv.) late

wouek.a T -yBa I (wait and)
meet, receive, see

nouye T hear

momulak new-comer

Ap. = Apyrapor
i-p — oKTop
mpar dear

mparouen valuable :oct f. trea-
sure, valuable object

mpacka I scratch

apBen wooden

mupBo (apBa, azpRja) tree, wood

upBorey.em carpenter .cTBo
carpentry

mpsue little tree, piece of wood

mpea piece of clothing

mpe6eu small, fine

yapem.e I doze .ne T start to
doze, nod off

mpzKaB.a State .eH (adj.) .Huk
statesman .HHukK statesman-
like

mp2Kan held

upmu I hold

Apum (river, west Mac.)

poben small

mpoou I crumble, make into
small pieces

podoru viscera Germ pApodoBKN
aS

upmne T grab, steal

apeno m. coward

mpyr other, another Koj apyr
who else, someone else mrro
mpyro something else

mupyrane elsewhere

mupyrap comrade :xa wife :cTBo
friendship, eee
society

apyrauKka girl-friend

upyrugen on the next day —

upyrnat again, another time

a.

rytTypuua

WWAWT TIT TRCN

ApyuiTBo company, Resteiy

aApuirKa handle
AySapa trick :max trickery
aysa I blow (of wind)

YEE ne oe puff

. blow up — ce be

on ite
avin (dial. ) word; challen
yma I remember; (dia )s
ayurecr plump
ayurep carpenter (makes doors,
windows, wooden fixtures)
aya world; quince

allenge
1.) speak

clever (2.26) :ecT
devil-

Tagpon devil;
devil-like :cxu devil’s,
ish

Yak acolyte

Tfakon deacon, sexton

Teppex a sort of pretzel

Tem bit (bridle)

r fepyau necklace

fepfen eee

woman's outer gar-

usually
Wort

ry anole ot

menit—tlton WG jacKer,
fur trymmin

§
2.
of
"3
bh,
&Q

cf nn

ans poe

aase8 Asasw

ere Gece field glasses

aypuw up to, until; even nypu
He not until, before

aypuja spade

myKaw store, shop :mja m
store-keeper

uyx (-oBm) spirit, ghost -opnen
religious :opur witty, clever
:oBHUK Cleric, priest

ayuia soul, spirit: person

uyuseme floor

nym I choke, stifle

Fouo (m. name)

FyGpe refuse, manure

Fypes reddish color :en reddish

Fypeu a dish made of meat,
potatoes, rice and vegetables

ryrym (large, tin) water-can,
milk-can

y3leH purse

x

rately moaady red a

oO

ximate

7
nnr
Awwiy SLATE ANUUL EU, CprY+

measure

205

e is (18).

egpe here is, see here

Espe.un (.u) Jew .jKka Jewess
.jcxu Jewish

Espona Europe

epponé.en (jum) European

Estum (m. name)

epTuH cheap :wja cheapness,
inexpensiveness

era may (it be)

Ersapxuja Exarchate

ersapxucku (adj.) exarchate’s

er3emmap Copy.

ersuctenumja living

ernnetTcKn Egyptian

ema (exclamation of surprise)

emBaj scarcely, hardly

eyeH (2.91) one

eqmHaecet eleven

eqmuHuna unit; the numeral one;
as a mark in school = failure

eH. = eHMHAa

ejHaKos equal, of same kind or
quality

eaqHail once

elHMHa singular (grammar)

exzHunatu a few times

eqHOBpemen (adj.) simultaneous

eqHoroymmeH 1-year-old

emqHomHeBneH one-day (long, old

)
7
eqHoyoapyro one against (next
to) another; together

or the other
‘eaHo3zaypyro one after another
enHosmuen alike, similar

e WAMNnwAMH a
AHOApYyro Vile

Sevees SUSE CALS a2i11 iG

aoa

eyHOmMeceyeH ONe-month (old,
long)

eqHoponeH of the same nature

eyHooOpa3seH Monotonous, same

enHOOoK (adj.) one-eyed

206

rr er a I ROIS
a

eqHocTpaH one-sided :ocr f.
ne-sidedness, narrow-

mindedness
eqHOouyAO a great many (indef.
numeral)
ex (-ospu) hedgehog
ezep.o lake .cxm (adj.}
e3mp (Serbian!) dreadful
eKuna team
€KOHOMCKM economic
eKoT echo
ena, pl. enare come! come
here!
Enana Hellas, Greece
eeu deer .ue (dim.)
Enena Helen
eam (dial.) = mom
emmu Hellene, Greek
ermHusannja Hellenization

“emmulicr Hellenist, student of

Greece
Enuya dim. of Elena
eka fir
em — 4
emui fruit
eHyese measure, yard-stick
eHye.K ditch .ye (dim.)
ene over there is, see there is
eHepruueH energetic
Exnune Bapgap (town in Greek
Macedonia, Yiannitsa)
ellapxuja eparchy
enmuap epic poet
enonéja epic, epos
entre entirely

ep6an capable

epeOuua partridge

epresa herd of horses

eprea unmarried youth,
bachelor

Epemuja Jeremiah

epec heresy

epetnk heretic

Epme.nen (.am) Armenian

ecéj essay

eceu fall, autumn :e in the f
:ekm autumnal :oexa this fall

ew SR SR Ati tii ica

aa frog, toad
madju (adj.) frog’s,

max f. pain, sorrow my e an
3a... he is sorry for

wKauN.0a complaint .deH compla-
intant’s .en sad, sorrowful .u
I sorrow, regret .oput/.esuT
sad, sorrowful .ocen_ sad,
pitiable, sorrowing .ocumsB
saddening, pitiable .ocr f.
sorrow, sadness

manfapm gendarme, policeman
(now usualiy pejorative)

wap heat, glow

wyApe6e colt, foal

mera I burn

*wKeraBnya sting, pain;
scorpion

xen, f. thirst :em thirsty :ocr/

‘rrmoem f thirstiness ewpa | be
eXivudL J ° PLILE OLILLIVDOYD OA fare i WS

SE WARS

7KeHOK, WEI
wea acorn
wmeneseu iron, of iron
weuesun.ya railroad zen (adj.)
=.4KH, wap railroad-man
meanka turtle, tortoise .
weNyWHNK stomach
wena woman, wife

Pe A Ee gs gest

ecHad craft-guild :cxu (adj.)
anja m. craftsman

eTana stage, step

ere here is, there is, see

ernxétra label

eTumMosoruja etymology

eun I echo, resound

man)
weuncknu feminine, female,

TAMA n’s
Vv Williaa Te)

wKepaB crane

#eTBapKa harvester

mus alive :ee I live :eanuurre
dwelling-piace, :eauKxa life,
way of life

wuBMHa bugs, lice, vermin

WUBHYBAae enlivenment

musot m./f. life

3KUBOTUHA,: KMBOTUHKA animal

#KMBOTHO (KNBOTHH) animal

7wKMNa vein, sinew; nerve :B
tough

wugecr sinewy, tough

*uTen dweller

muTue biography of

2#KUTO grain

zsxuure I (17.11) harvest

our yellow :ee I be, look
yellow :mua jaundice

momuKa gall-bladder

“LEA A 5&4 AuUMUuUuULL
*K. p. — *WencKu por
*KpTB.a victim, sacrifice .yspa I
sacrifice
altar

eerste eanr

CHHK Sacr ificial

No
So
=~]

99

3a (prep.) for, after, about, con-
cerning, by (4.305)

3a0, 3a0u tooth; projection :en,
3sanun little tooth; cog

3a0ap.a I .u T slow down, delay
— ce be slow, delay: pass
time, amuse self, have a good
time

s3aGenee T begin to look white

3a0enexKu T (10.12) note, notice

saSenemma note, notation
3a0necka T (start to) glitter,
reflect’

saOnyya error, blunder

3a00neKkap dentist :cTBo
dentistry

saGonmm T start to ache, hurt,
be ill

3a0opaB.a I .u T forget

3a00puen indebted

sa0pan.u T .ysa I forbid,
prevent

3a0p3.a T .ypa I hurry, hasten

sa0yHeT aroused, upset, excited

3a0yua T poke

3aBapu T reach

SaBne.en dependent .auB envi-
ous .Hoct f. dependence

3aBMTK.aH wrapped, bundled up
-yBa I wrap up, wind about

sapnese T (17.313) go in

sapneye T (17.312) drag

3aBola == 3aofa

3aBoj bend, curve; bandage

saBpojyBa I conquer :mwe con-
quest :4 conqueror :4KH COon-
queror’s, aggressive

sagpTnu T (10.14) turn

3aBpwoK ending

3aByepa day before, yesterday

sarazsu T tread underfoot

208

zarannu T stroke, pet, caress

3aracHe T extinguish, put out

3arune T perish

sarnena ce [so] T stare [at],
look deep into

3armu0yBa I sink, become

Z3aruyBHe T deafen

sarnetu T press in, force in

saronopyu T begin to speak

land)

3arpay.a parenthesis, bracket
.en fenced, enclosed

3arped (capital of Croatia)

sarpede T (begin to) dig

sarpega I heat, warm

3arpHysBa ce I wrap self
closely in

zary6u T ruin, lose

say (prep.) behind (4.306)

3anaBnu T suffocate, drown

sanane ce T (17.316) appear
(suddenly), bear down on
(threateningly)

samaua task, problem,
assignment

3aneBa ce I tease, make fun of

sanupa I touch

3zanmue ce T breathe deeply,
take a full breath

Zaqumen out of breath

3aOBONeH content

3zanoBnouu T content, satisfy

om«enue indebtedness

ommuTenen indebte

zaypeme T doze off, start to

saypm.yspa I .w T (10.11) hold
back

sanys puff of wind

zanysan out of breath

3anytpe day after tomorrow

sanyunen muffled .ysa I
smother, muffle

3aeqHMNUKKN United, common,
communal

3aemnHo together, in concert

3aem loan, qapa Ha — I lend, —

3ema Ha — I borrow

saema I borrow

3aemM.en mutual .Hocr f. reci-
procity

samusee T (start to) live

‘za3emairbe intervention, aid

sa300pysBa I (begin to) speak

sasBonn T ring, sound

sasyHnu T begin to sound,
resound

saurpa T start to dance

sancKkpee T spark, make sparks

sancrypa T let loose

3ajaqmeB vicious

3ajak hare

sajakn.e T .yspa I strengthen,
reinforce

saja.ue little hare .axu hare’s

sajme T borrow

3akanHa threat

zaKanun ce T hesitate, be unable
to make up mind; [my]
threaten

3aKaunB annoying, bother-
some, teasing

3aKkayu.u T .ysa I lock; con-
clude .ox conclusion

s3axos.a/.e T forge

szaKkone T (17.2) slaughter

3aKkonHe T take oath

axon law :ur lawful :mrocr f.
lawfulness :omaspey legislator
:onaBcTBo legislation

—

3aHec

3akopaseH crusted,
tough; embittered

3aKkpukKa T creak, crunch,
squeak

3ana.K mouthful .ue (dim.)

3ananryp rascal, guttersnipe

sagienen stuck

3asmoKaH licked; slicked-down

3anuna T (start to) sob

hardened,

3aJtyaHo in vain

3anytan lost, erring

3aMaB wave, broad gesture,
gesticulation

3amaB.HyBa | .ta T wave,
gesture, make a motion

3amanH time, period

samackupa JT’ mask, disguise

SaMeyyilneH Somewhat con-
fused; not quite sane

3aMeHuk replacement, successor

3aMeHKa pronoun

samux.u T .ysa I squint, blink,
wink

samune T pass through, leave

3amucy.a intention

3samucyen thoughtful, sunk in
thought: intended —

3amoK Castle |

3samorun T (10.12, 10.13) fail
silent

samop.u T .ysa I tire, worry

samMopeH tiring, exhausting

zampe T (17.1) die away, become
silent

3ampexmen covered with a net

3amp3He T freeze

3ampen T confuse, tangle up;
cease fasting

zanaet trade, handwork :uuja
m. handworker, craftsman

3aHjaH prison, dungeon

3aHem dumb person

3aHec enthusiasm

209

S3aHecenH

3aHeceH carried away, enthusi-
astic

a
OD
QO
3
ey
ry
pmie
@
Qu.
seb)
=
9
<<

circle

saora I set (of sun); scream (of
weeping child)

3aoctpn T na intensify

sana, Sananz west, the West

3anagqHoeBponcKn western
European

3anannu T set afire, kindle

sanlapoBuHa hot, damp weather

3anee T start to sing

zanetaa T button

3anvHa I grasp, exert

zannpa I stop, hinder :me halt-
ing, obstacle, objection

sanlpka comma

sannaye T (10.16) burst into
tears

sanuerKyBa I involve; tangle

sanuHe T grab hold of, catch:
exert, put shoulder to wheel

3anoBex f. command :a T
command

3ano03sHaBaHwbe acquaintance,
making the acquaintan n

(10.1 15 ) rec

now, meet

to) sweat

A
3anouH.e T .ypa I begin, set

m 2 2 1

3ampusera T start to look like
3amycreH neglected, abandoned

210

a a ES A RS

samrecr toothed, oe

ann oaoxrtromo cee. nan
vey CA LITIHLT UYU) vay He
3HaeTe? Don’t you _ reaily

know? Can it be that you
don’t know?

sapadotu T start to work

3apagu for the sake of, because
of (4.1)

3apacuat thickly grown,
ered with

3zapee T hover, fly

3ape3an bolted

3apeue ce T (17.312) take oath,
swear

3apsanar
tables

3apnmHatT hoarse

sapoorn T enslave, make captive,.
take prisoner

3apo0yBame enslavement

3apecn T bedew

3apou.u T .yspa I dive

3acBaTn ce T' become related by
pe oe

3aCBeTii
gleam

3acsBerka T flash

3acera I touch, concern

3aceya ambush, trap :Hue
session

ACIA TY YA |
3a \ Widvie wk a e
2

cov-

greens, green vege-

T (start to) shine,

sacnue T (17.11) fall asleep

3acpamu ce T be ashamed
3acTraH.e T .yBa I stop

sacran.u JT .yBa I represent,
Ae a re are gue
stand ior .wzaK representative,
surrogate .HMUITBO represen-
tation, surrogation

rRanmanor: mhanlata out anf Aata

vatlayper VNSVITCLE, VU UL UALS

3acreHka T groan

sacTpammresenH warning, inti-

midating, terrifying

3sacyKaw with rolled-up sleeves

3sacyue T (10.16) twirl, roll up

3araen withheld, silenced,
concealed

saTBop jail, prison :a I T
close, lock; imprison

3aTremun ce T (start to) get dark

3atuna I stuff, stop up

saTKymucen behind-scene,
back-stage

3atTHe T stuff, stop up

3satroa therefore, so, — urro for
the reason that

satonmm T heat up

3sarpe T (17.1) destroy, wipe out

sarpenka T shudder, shake,
tremble

satpeneti T (10.14) begin to
flicker

sarpec.e T (17.311) .yBa I shake

gaTpKana T begin to roll

3aTpKamesHyBa ce I become
round

3atpona T knock

W
9
|
°
a
Ss
i=
[Pe
9
hm
®
ae
ft
Q
oO
>
oO
Ey
5
Qu

ri
3saTynka T start to pound
sayerm T (Serbian!) begin to
speak
V~aWwanrrm . aA vu
be successful
samyun T whistle, whiz (rapid
ahiect in sir)
Vere 4iL ail J
_gauspe.He/.tu T make firm
aupBeau T

2D wets

embryo

Dee eve Teme ec ee f--]
Sa@UMatH Sad, SOTTOWLUL

3auysa I keep, preserve
zauyneH amazed

sauyan T amaze

3auyro because

3a’pra T rust

3a’pme T whinny; growl

' 3a’pexa T start to make noise

(laughing, singing)
3a’pKa T begin to squea
30epe T (17.2) 3s0upa I

together
30upen collective, collection-
30nmmu ce T (10.12) near,

approach
300rym good-bye
3600p (-oBsn) word
300pHuK collective volume

(book with selections by

different authors)
300pygza I speak, talk
30puka T rumple, muss
30yner confused, upset
30yHysa I confuse, upset
3BaHne archaic, for 3Bathe title
3ByK (-oB1)
3sByuH.uK loudspeaker .ocr f.

sonority, voicing
srm06 joint, ankle

k

+

gather

’

Ov use

3sropa down, from above
3rpa6yBa I take, steal
3rpaga building

srpanun JT grasp, grab
3rp0aseH bent

3rp0asn T bend

srprote T gurgle

3rpemm T sin, err, do wrong

3 IMB

ee a es

3umB breath, sigh

3ymB.a I .we T breathe (heavily),
sigh

3ymuien breathless, gasping

3monee T bore, be boring

3upasp healthy, well :o (general
greeting, on meeting or part-
ing)

3Epapye health

papje health

3ypaBo-xUBOo (greeting)

3upmanH restrained :ocT f.
restraint

sapawu T .
in hand

senor, seme (aor. of seme)

seep UV. 3ep

3ejTuu Olive oil

3exup (m. name used by Mo-
slems)

3e Vv. 3eme

senen green :ee I look green
sa T make green :mszo green-
ery, verdure :kaB greenish

sem.je greens (for food) .Ka
cabbage

sem.a I .e T (17.321) take

3emj.a land, earth, country .en
earthen, of earth

a eee hen
Ba i restrain,

3emj.uuien (adj.) iand .umire
ground, plot, site .opuayen-

creo land-o
ener, land-owner .oyescTBO
agriculture .omme geography
.omoceyn land, property, estate
-oTpec earthquake

sep poison, bitterness

set husband of daughter, sister
r other female relative not
otherwise specified

3unje, mM“ mpapu — he’s cheat-
ing me, not playing fair

3unjoca T annoy, abase, spite

3umMa winter

ning, ownership

212

3umasBa (adv.) this winter
3mumaj! (dial.) == semaj!
3uM.e in winter .opumiTe win

ing-place .cxu (adj.) win
3una I gape

SMHaT Open-moutneda; eS
open

3nat.o gold .ew of gold .ecr
soldish
QVitivit

SunatTuna (f. name)

3aTHuk gold-piece

30 evil :Ga spite, ill-will, ma-~-
lice :cropHuk criminal, evil-
doer, malefactor :uecr unfor-
tunate :ummem evil-doer

3mep (-opnN) dragon :ue (dim.)

3mMej (-opn) — 3mMeB
3Mu.ja snake, serpent .uH
snake’s, belonging to

snake .ckm snake’s, snake-
like .jysme little snake

smyuKa lump

sHae I know

3HajMe (dial.) —= 3Haeme

sHak (-oBm) sign, signal

sHame flag, banner

3Ha.un I mean, signify .ueme
meaning, significance

(17.1) boil, come to a

boil

30/1, 31a,

301, 3 30 evil, bad

301Ba husband’s sister

sopu pl. dawn

30pT need, worry, persecution

30uiTo? why?

spa.K ray .unm I radiate, give off
light: glimmer °

T ripen, mature

ptt, 4440

ripening

nah
vwpue

Saka (f. name)

Sana (f. name)

sBe3y.a star .en/.eH Star’s,
starry

sBep (-opm) (wild) beast :m ce
I look or act brutally, like a _
beast :cxu brutal, beastly
:etBo beastliness, brutality

speu.u I ring, sound .amka
rattle ‘

spucka 2-year-old sheep

spou.u I ring .e bell

seprap pair of oxen

semue I get cold

sensep type of apricot

suppu pl. tant. long knit heavy
woolen trousers

wv and; also, too, as well (empha-
‘sizes following word) u...u
both... and

ii, 4, nejse M (cf. raa/ona, 2.31)
to her

uaKo although,
even if

urpa I play murpa ce dance

une I (17.322) go

wéeH, unéjua containing a
substantial idea; socially
significant

unen future

uneonouku ideologic
nuyzHMHa future

H Ap. = u ~pyro
“30a = Bu30a
w30erne T run away, avoid

even though,

USBUK

suy, (-opu/-uurra) wall

suya I build

suman of masonr

sujap mason :nja building ma-
terials (for mason) :crBo po-
sition, activity of mason

surue little wall

supuHe T look at, peer

supKa peep-hole

Sose (m. name)

spuyana pl. tant. glasses

spuku pl. eyes (pej.)

syHnu I hum, buzz

syHuya rainbow: multicolored
sash

u30e3ymeuH out of one’s mind,
crazed, infuriated -
u30epOar.u T .ypa I soil, dirty
u30mue T break out
nu30upa I select, chose
“u30pasznen lined, furrowed
mu30puyen shaved, shaven
u30pume T wipe off, erase
u30yHysa ce I get upset
wuspagu T (17.011) take out,
extract
u3BeceH known, certain
wu3zBecryBau herald, reporter
“u3Beuiraj bulletin, news
announcement
u3enBa ce'l wind, twist
M3BuEYyBaY scout, observer

MAID Age Y ma KFIWUA V

m3BpuK exclamation :a T call
out, exclaim, shout

213

{3BUIIM ce

M3BuIM ce T rise up

usBueu.e T (17.312) .ypa/uspie-
KyBa I pull out, extract

n3Bieuka T drag out

usBojyBa I conquer,
fighting

win by

usBpum T execute, exert,
complete

usracue T quench, extinguish

wu3rnacan proclaimed

u3rneyq look, outlook :a T :yBa

I look like

u3rpay.0a erection, buiiding .“
T build, erect, finish

w3rnne T rot

w3rnHMeH rotten

usropysBa I burn up

usryOu T lose, — ce get upset,
confused ;

mu3yaBau publisher

u3nane T (17.316) give out;
betray; publish

u3yaHue edition, publication

w3yaToK expense, debit

nusnemm T set aside, select out

u3yMrame erection

u3ynuun ce T take one breath
u3ypu%n T (10.11) hoid out
uszene T (17.316) eat up,

consume, devour
useynHaun T equalize
u3meun T marry (off)
use up, wear out,
— ce become obsolete, old-
fashioned
n37xKHee/u22KHNMe T harvest
u3sxKyun T rub off
u33a00pasu T completely forget
u33anuTKa T wrap up (several
things)
nussarune T lose (a great deal)

n33eMBee T

=

214

u33arpayu T fence in (many
things)

u33aKmyun T close, lock

mM33akpmm T patch up

u33anee T draw water; water

M33amp3He T freeze

n33aTHe T stop up, put cork

ussemue T get cold

u3suya T finish building
(masony)

u3supa I peep out, show
through

in

wrteresa Pia eg Cicada ee
i3jaB.a Ge€Ciaration, aSSertion .W
T .yspa I declare
u3jacuerocr f. clarification,
al arit y
LLAL vy
usnara T lie, deceive, — ce be
mistaken

u3ueBa I pour out

u3snee T pour out

u3neryBa I go out, exit

uane3s exit :e T (17.313) exit

n3i0oKaH licked

m3amm10K lack

u3nom6a exhibit, exhibition .

M3Majcropuca TT complete in
masterly fashion

m3mMeunu ce T change

wes Asie

Hy

Se
So
©
wa
a

VSMM ~

SMMC T
u3MOIMTBM JT reverence
usmMouKHe T take, pull out
M3MopeH tired

u3smp3He T freeze
m3HacouseH tear-drenched

have enough of
om A te

SLAVS Vs

ena’nra ce T
hi OS a wy -

drudgery
u3HeHa.a/.HO — HeHayeeH

waHece T (17.319) bring out,
present ;

wu3HOC export; sum

mu3HOCceH worn out

~“300usmMe abundance

usenipa T isolate

u3sonauysa I distort, spoil

uspanyspa I make happy

muspaencnxm Israeli

u3pa3 expression :eH express-
ive :ur marked, express

uspacte T (17.320) grow up

uspune T reject, throw out

m3poBaH dug up

u3yMeH amazed, astrounded,
stricken, crazed, near insanity

usyctu T say

wusyuysa I study, investigate
swe study

w3uBaka T chew cud

uKa I hiccough

usm or wam...usm either... or

usmuka button-hole

VMinmugen St. Elias’ Day (2
Aug.): the date of Mac. nati-
onal uprising against Turks
in 1903; that uprising

ummuyencku pertaining to the
uprising

unjanga thousand :mmua group
of 1000

unjaz.en/.ur 1000th

uaje cheating

unycrpipa I/T illustrate

WJbau cure, medicine

Vika (f. name)

Vso, Usexo (dim. of Tlija) Elias

uma I (25, 25.4, 20.21) have;
there is, one should, — 20
wowuHu he is 20 years old

ume name

umMenka noun, substantive

umeHo specifically, to be specific

UCKaILle

uMeHak namesake

‘“umot property, goods

uMnepmekT imperfect tense

umMnoHHpa I impose

umuporusipa I/T improvise

MHaer stubbornness :auja m.
stubborn person

wumaKkos of another kind,
different

uHaky otherwise, in another
way

nuuaru ce I balk, be stubborn

nuyMuBUAyannocr f. individuality

WUngau.ey (-ym) East Indian .ja-
Hem American Indian

MuHKeHep engineer

uuKka funnel

WHO = ws3sppmien HaporeH
onG0p

uucumpucyBa ce I be inspired
by

nuutTenxeKryaney intellectual

nurensusen intensive

uHtTepB}yy interview
interview

wutepec interest

Mpax Iraq

‘Mpa I/T

upamue light woolen blanket or

rug
WMpen Irishman
ucsupu T play (to end), whistle
nce inheritance
ncexue T dry out
neenn T cause to emigrate
uceye T (17.312) cut off, out
ucuruu T crumble, powder
nucKawe T (10.161) declare, de-

pose: say all

ucka3 declaration, deposition:
expression

ncKkanann T sort (tobacco
leaves)

ucKkane T wash

215

weKapa T scoid, upbraid, — ce
quarrel
wewaenny T prune: scold

FAL EAL Ep a ys WAilL evi
-

nckau.n T .yBa I unfasten,
disentangle, unhook

HcKanina T cough, cough up

mcKnsa T sneeze

neKknena T open

uckyona T kick

ucKkayun JT exclude, shut out
‘Bo exclusively

ucKor.a/.e T forge

zu eV

nuekone T (17.2) massacre

ucxonun T sprain, put out of
joint, displace

uckpaye ce T (17.316) sneak
out, steal out

mucKpaj (prep.) at the end, edge
(4.307)

uckpenocT f. sincerity

ucKpecka T shout, scream

uckpusnu T distort, disfigure

lickpnen hidden, concealed

uckpun T patch

uckpcu.e T .ypa I come out,
appear suddenly

uckpum T zigzag

uckyoe T pluck, pull out

ucKyutenne temptation

KM Ci. =

Hw CUuW4HO
nucxymia T hear to the end

memee T ridi icule. launch toa scorn
PLAUITAVLY aA an al VUAL 9 £0Meitt uv weWilt
a
ar

menaynu T drive out

ncnarHe a nucnara I turn out,
result, f all ay

ucnace T (17.311) graze, eat off

wenerna T iron, press

nenepe T (17.2) wash out
aura T bake, roast

rwremeyve a WwaLS
nennen empty, shrivelled,
exhausted

216

a

uenmt test, examination :a T
:yBa I examine, question clo-

scaly -yR wayvam in r interro-
eee A CAAA, 111U0Ciiy

gator

ucnuure T write out

nuennaBnu T wash out

HNcnwakHe T rinse

ucnnmaue T (10.16) weep,
bemoan

See aes righte
HCiiTawlN a rignten

nennete T ji 7.317) finish knit-
ting, braiding

nennnusa T float out, float to
surface; leave water

nensmucKka T splash, besprinkle

nennyka T spit out

uennycxa T talk nonsense

ucnosey f. confession :a I/T
confess :ypa I confess, profess

ncnonmnenne fulfillment

nenonn.u T .ysa I fulfill, fill up,
execute (order)

HenomHyBau one who fulfills,
carries out

ucnoren sweaty

Keupas.u T .yBa I ce straighten
up, stand up

uenpasnyu T empty

~ Bwiass wassp “v

ucupatu T ucupaka I send away
(Serbian meaning is_ also
fr, se
found: se

e
erietube T interrupt
aa ;

nenmpey
nenpan T fry ve

nucnponaye T (17.316) sell out
nenyKa T shoot off, crack
ucnynuen bulging

mer same

netaB.a I .u T move
ucrakHatT outstanding

ncTak.He T .ayBa I emphasize,
stick out; — ce be outstand-
ing

nuctanun T make fine, thin

uctam resignation: appearance
1 T cyBpa I resign: come
forward

ucterne T stretch out

netena T beat

uctepa T drive out

nceroun T flow out, run out

uctune T cool off

uctucka T press out, squeeze
out

uctKae T finish weaving

ucTropap.a I .u T unload

HcTOBpemen simultaneous, of
the same time

McTOK east

ucronu T melt

ucTopu.ja history .cxu historic,
historical

nucropukomunonomku historico-
philological

ucroyen eastern, oriental

uctpae T hold out, last out

uctpr.a T we T drag out, pull
out, rip off

ucrpedu T
completely

nuetpe3sHu T sober

(17.311) shake out

uctpne T rub out

uctpuxme T (17.315) shear, cut
hair off *

uctpHe T sting, tingle

ucTpoum T expend

nuctpnu T suffer, stick out

uctpune T be at a loss, be
shocked

uctpye T poison

uctpyme T (10.16) scrape,

wipe destroy

out,

Trommnnan Le
MVULVCULU

UWITAB

uctpua T run out

nuctyp.a I .1 T push out

ucTypKa T push out

nueppua I wu T throw out

nucapJpa I .w T throw out

uexpan.a food, nourishment,
foodstuffs .» T feed, nourish

nucyana T tread out

ucneyu T wring out, squeeze
out

nucyemmpa T kiss

' weyeno completely

ucymmomm T whimper, whine

ucyuya T suck out

ucypKa T shout, quarrel

ucyupn.e T .ypa I exhaust

ucuayn T smoke up; cover, fill
with smoke

ucuesne T disappear

ucueka T wait (to end), wait
out, meet

uecyenka T pull up, pull out,
scratch up or out

ucyenia T scratch out, finish
scratching

ucyemsa T comb (out)

nucuucru T clean, purify

neuyyn T marvel

nucuyKa T bang out

nucmeta T go for a stroll

ucume T finish sewing

nuemmusunu T sharpen, put a
point on

utap clever, sly, quick-minded

MTH. — M Taka HaTaKka/HaTaMy

utTnHo urgently, quickly

uTpocr f. cleverness, quickness

uy not at all

uimana if God wills

WilapeT signal, sign
face)

numapu T paint, color

wuiTaB appetite, desire

(of hand,

217

ja

ja (cf. raa/ona and 2.31) her

ja oh, ah; but ja...ia either...
Vil, Wtul. — Jars

JA — Jyrocnosenckata apmija

jadouk.a apple -nwua apple-tree

jasa I ride (horse, mule, etc.)

japaiisak procrastination,

laziness
jan.en public, open; — padorauK

publicist; .wocr f. public opi-

nion, publicity
apn T decla

a declare; —

1 ce anvear:
J ecco a Cal.

greet, salute

japHe T ride

jasop maple

japypa I appear, declare

jaranya v. jarne, 2.1392

jarmzen coal, charcoal :op (adj.)
ap: charcoal-burner

jarn.e lamb .eme lambing .emm«n
lamb’s .eurko lamb (meat) .u
ce I lamb, have lambs

jaryua eel

jarypuya green grapes

jam poison, grief, bitterness
:eH/:oBuT poison, bitter

anap strong, big

e I (17.316) eat

Cem e Sando Saale towed

© © &

>= EH
=

re AR A

Jase Vv. ja3orr
jasuk tongue, language
jJasmu.e little tongue .en lingual,

linguistic langmiaga weer
Anguistlc, sanguage

nasty big tongue

janop fruitless, barren: hollow
‘mya Sterile, barren (sheep,

cow)

jama ditch, abyss

blanket
jamey, guarantor
Jane (m. name)
jausa sickness; boring person
Jannuna (Greek town) Ioannina
jante child’s school briefcase or

knapsack
janyapu January
jape kid :mm«Ko kid-meat
jac (2.31) I
jacanrH jypuer — Turkish

yasa$in hurriyet, long live
freedom!

aceu clear, obvious

acrak blankets and pillows
making up alow platform for
sleeping at night and sitting
by day

jactped hawk

jarak person who shields or
houses fugitives from law;
fellow-conspirator

aTKa nucleus; crux
T

j
j

toughness

auxa I groan softly

aumen barley :mya/:mxK barley-
bread

esyutTcku Jesuit

anwrwaa hisarachy
GApAmya liciatily

omoHax hieromonach
rau blanket :4e (dim.)

ropan lilor «nap fad: )
& Werte 14LUAw owes { oat ay.

j
j

ie)

O'S 'S

e
oO

Cando Conde Code Serle Cond ©

©

KaHOH

jyr south :o3s4mayq southwest
socroK southeast

MeN Ea eae ae hex calien eae

J yrociaBija Yugoslavia
Jyrocnospen Yugoslav

jyrocnopencku Yugoslav (adj.)

a4 Tas]

tA ne) +tpatitas
jyyaa m. Juaas, traitor

{sadatu T) Kapri (start)
quarrel(ling)

KaBTeH opes walnut without
green outer covering

Kayap cadre

Kane where (interrogative and
relative)

Kajlena tow (combed flax ready
for spinning)

Kayne satin :u of satin

Kampas curly

Kae ce I rue, repent,

Kame T say

Kamuupcr forefinger

KaxsKyRBa I say -

Kasai ettle, vat

Ka3synea T tease; irritate;
amaze

Ka3mMa pick

Kanu.K boat .4e (dim.)

Kanu belt

Kaj (prep.) at (the home, office

of, in (the village, country of)

be sorry

me i) z wy

ffice

K

ie
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jy#HocnoBencku South Slavic

jyHa.k hero .uKm heroic .wrso
heroism

jyH.u June .cku (adj.)

jypuer, v . jacanr H, XypHe

aKxOB-Trone oO ALOVEL 421

iL
Kakou darnel, coc
Ka f. ee clay

wanahan a

eaQevsQuvavi a

x
oO

Tot many, vlenty

Kasajun. aa m. tinner cKM
tinner’s

Kanan model, mould

Kanann I (vyryH) sort and pile
tobacco leaves acording to
size and quality

KajiapM.a pavement .vcaH
paved

Kanyfep monk

Kanunym calcium

Kamapka niche in wall, serving
as shelf kamapye (dim.)

KaMaTHHuK usurer

KamoOana big beli

Kamoep (m. name): nosey,
over-curious person

KaMeH (pl. -Iha, coll.

Kamo where is/are?

Kamoum SO much the more then

KaMeHenH, Kamena (2.212) of
stone

Kamen-Kymyp coal

@NIUC wiv Svolncd

KaHaGe sofa

-ibe)

‘Kanync.a T .ysa I convince; —

ce agree, decide

KaHn [ invite

KaHoH church law, canon;
penance

wens

INO
foot
oO

Kania cap
KanaBuna water dripping off
roof or trees

Kanak cover, lid, — ox ounTe
eyelid

Kane I drip, drop; bathe

KaneTan (dial.) = Kanmran

capital
Kanmua bramble
Kaka drop (of liquid)
Kanka apoplexy, stroke
Kannanuean lined

KanHaT bathed

Kanne T bathe

Kapa I scold, blame; — ce
quarre

KapaOun carabine

Kaparpom (an old silver coin)

KapakrepuctuKa character
reference (usually political)

Kapaya sentinel :a sentinel box,
post

KapBaH Caravan

Kapyamr brother

Kapna cliff, rock

KapTeyunnia machine-gun

Kapuimaak receipt, credit;
opposite

Kaca I bite, taste, eat a little

Kacajye crumb, mouthful

Kacanunua butcher-shonp

acannuna butcher-shop

KacapHa barracks

KacayMOnHen, KacaumOna (2.212)
pertaining to the highest
court (cassation)

KacKaHynca T tease, annoy,
anger

Kaco good fortune

nmacne T bite, take a bite
Kav (-opu) hearth-corner,

AaEh fp Ad

am fate
Osh LAU ?

ened bn lj ee ee me es dt ae
hearth, home; corner; storey

naTaBeyep every evening

220

_—_—__oOoOoOoOoOoee——— eee oo CO Oe ee,

Tramnwase atray<r Ala=> aie
KaTafeH every aay, aé

KaTaHey padlock

KaTu/KaTum villain, evildoer,
assassin

KaTuuK molar (tooth)

KaTOna cathode

KaTomm.«K catholic ang

licism
KaTpan pitch
Kate coffee
Kaqme3 cage
Kaye keg

Kau.u T .yBa I climb

KauKkeT cap with visor

KauyHka stub, butt (of ciga-
rette)

Kama I cough

KBaypaT square :en (ad}.)

KBasmm@puKyBa I qualify

KBapT quarter, section of town

KBacu T dampen

KIp. = KKOrpamM

Ke- see also Ke-

KeOanu.e Cevapcic-ground meat
roasted .wja om. maker of
kebaptinje .cxu (adj.)

Kej (-opm) quai, dock

Kemaz (m. name, Moslem)

Kepamuka ceramics

Kepyoca ce T flourish, be for-

f
f
‘

Keye skulli-cap

Ku- see also Ku-

KHOpuT match

KuB.a I .we T sneeze

KHjaBiu.ua cold, with much
sneezing .4uap afflicted with k.

KuKOTH ce [ titter

KMIMM carpet

Kuno kilogram :merap kilometer

Kuna China

xune | tear, rip
Kunez Chinese (man) KiHecku

(adi.)
(aQj-)

KuHn [my ce] I cause to quiver

KuHUca T move, start out

KHMnHe T boil

Kup dirty ring on clothing,
spot

KuUpanuja m. carter

aE

, wagon-

Kupuyja rent
Kupun eile any) Cyn

Kupo m. dim. z Cyril

Kucen sour, soured, fermented

Kucenu I sour, make sour

KNucKa bundle, bouquet: tassle

Kucnopox oxygen

Kuene I sour, make
quent, sit about

KUTajcku == KMHeCcKiK

Kutu I adorn, decorate

Kuten (cBar) adorned (standing
epithet for svat in folksongs)

KuTKa bouquet

Kuga roll

KuyeBer native of town Kyyeso
(central Mac.) :

a= 44

Knage T (17.315, 14.11) put,

sour; fre-

KiagqeHenly spr ing

KJlama ce I bow

Ku1ac (-oBu, -je) ear (of grain)
Kglacen (adj.) class

shvigiiwzs oseereneny ee Ae See eee

uupa I classify
Kjlacuyen Classic, classical

WZFAMITN_ MnRMaAaNnar elace nM
PAVLOV ELYV VLDUULU Ciass-Consc

KuatTu I swing; — ce wai
unsteadily, weave

Kilay3ya clause, paragraph (in

law, contract)

ious
ik

KHVOKH

.
i
10]

KuamH.o heavy homespun .en
(adj.)

wz TatTwrraA
FAVAU SASL

|

knaal
JALIVVL
7

Kuenku pl. eye-lids
KnenHe T squint, blink (once)

Ker poor, unfortun ate, mise-

rable: evil sam the poor
fellow

KuménT client
KJMK (-oBm) clique
kumkKHe T screech

Kummer peg, wedge

KJIADIE e (2. 1392) cliché
KIM. == age enor

KHOKoT gurgle (of liquid)

xnomxa ball of yarn xmonue
(dim.)

Kyoua kick

KHOonKHe T kick

KuryBa I peck

Kuyk.a I .we T throb, ache, be-
come infected: knock

KJryH (-opn) beak

Kyyma bench marapemma —
dunce’s corner

Kay (-opu/-epn) key; wrench
:amKka key-hole :apnuua lock

KJbaka I clatter, clack

KJbakylll clatterer, idle taiker

KHerMiba princess

KHemMeBMHA princedom

KHe3 prince

KHura book; paper

KHUYo. eran oe yee aee

-BezHunia bookbinde
KHMTOBOA.uTeI book} cat
.ctBo bookkeeping
RHE? FeB. CH literary nocT i

literature (belles )
KHMKeCH (adj.) paper; hook

KHM2aKHMHA literature (ali writ-
ten material)

221

S

om

a
AS
3

KoBYer (-3H) trunk, chest

Kora when

Koma skin, hide, leather

KowyB leather coat, sheepskin
sap maker of kozuvi

KO03.a .Hua goat

Ko3ju goat’s

Koj (2.51, 2.521) who

Koj-roye (2.7) whoever

Kojmro (2.603) who

Kon (pl. Komja coll. Komje) stake

KomOac Sausage

KonB.a I we T peck

xone I (17.2) slaughter

KoneGa I rock

Konéra m. colleague

Kone slaughter; collége,
foreign school

KoenHnija knee

KomeHo knee

KonKa I fatten up, stuff (with
food)

KomKy how many

KOKy-roye however many

KonKynatn how many times

He T swear, curse

Paes Dec)

nothing but
KomuTer committee (in early

century = revolutionary

‘

fh
KomMOBHia type of b

KOoMIUINja m. neighbor’
KoH (prep.) to, toward (4.2)

£ as 7

;
"Yr a PANT Ted
KOHBYJISHBCH CONVuISLVe

vJ/rm

Konyen3Kpa I/T condense
KOHyp.a shoe .aymja m. shoe-

malar

Kone, thread

KoHeyeH final

KOH3y consul

KOHJYHKTYpa favorable circum-
stance, opportunity

KOHKypeHuuja competition

KoHKypupa I/T compete

KoHON hemp

KOHCeKBeHTeH consistent
f. consistence

KoHcrartipa I/T ascertain,
define

KonTpaxipa I/T contract

KoHTpOma check, inspection,
control

Kenrporen (adj.) inspection,
check

KOHTponOp inspector, checker

KoHdop convenience (for living;
i. e. plumbing, electricity,

eHOCT

equine :ymmuya stable
horses) :4e little horse
Kona I dig
Konay pick
Konupa I/T copy
KonHee I yearn ~

:
Konpuna silk

(for

a alae

Konue button

KenyK poor man, broke

Kopa bark, rind, shell :s tough,
shelled

Kopad boat

KOopeunut basic, to the roots,

thorough

Kop30 corso (the evening pro-
menade, customary in Medi-
teranean and Latin countries)
Kopu T scold, blame; — ce
quarrel

Kopuc.en useful, profitable .r f.
profit, benefit, use

Kopuu I pull up, uproot

KopomaH chunk of bread

KopyMumpa I/T corrupt

KOpyiika shell, hull

Koca hair (meaning same in sg.
and pl.)

Kocehe reaping

Kocn I reap

Kocn ce I be conceited, haughty

KocKa bone

KocHe T touch

KocoBap native of Kocoso, area
NW of Macedonia

Kocren (-He) chestnut (tree,
fruit)

kKocTrenaue brown

KOCTUM suit, costume :upa I/T
dress, outfit, costume

Koren kettle, pot xorme (dim.)

KOcba bucket

KouaHen native of Kouann (NE
Mac.)

KounHa pig-sty

Kom (-oBu/-eBu) KourKa basket

Koma I kick, push

Konrysa chirt blouse

aAVEAL on wba Uy
Kiis [x’u’j’/kauejor] = Komy-
HuctTMuKata Ilapruja na Jyro-

e Taryt a

Pere Se RTA eget OIG ee

KpdBbayie |a Lype of unLieavenea
bread)

Kpaze I steal

eis exe Panne enh
pager tnier

Kpayentkym stealthily

Kpawoea theft .

Kpa.eH, .juxa final, end

i

KDpBO.710K ne

Kpaj (prep.) next to, at the edge

of (4.307)

Kpaj (-esu/-murra) edge:
country, region: end

Kpag king

KpaTKo.Beyeu short-lived .rpa-
en, -jaa of short duration

HOCT

odthirsty person

iu) bloodsucker

KpBue little cross (KpcT)

Kpega I lift, raise

Kpeset bed

KpeBOK delicate, frail

Kpexa 7 lift, raise

Kpemes flint

Kpene T lift, raise

Kpeuocr f. fortress

Kpecne T scream

Kpemrrar grating, harsh

Kpus crooked; wrong :ey guilty
person

KpvuB62eB0, KplBo-1éB0 haphaz-
ardly

Kpne 7 cover, hide

KpnKk (-opm) shout

Kpuso (pl. -ja, c
flank (military)

KpumMunBasel criminal
pumexm Crimean

KputTinka criticism

Kpuurym secretly, covertly

wrnnyre T
mypur £

mer (-j

oll. -je) wing,

(10.12) tailor

Kpoja4 tailor

KPOMN onion

Eperox mild

Kpn.a cloth, rag .ye rag, small
cloth, handkerchief

wnem (-u / apm eross

Kpyr Grecia -

bo
i)
Oo

, coarse (not

KpyliospuaHer (-aHu) native of
Kpymore (central Mac.)

KpyKa I crunch, creak

xKpmm I crush, smash

KpmuireHe baptism

Ky6e I pluck

KyBeHnMja —= KyjyHunja jewel-
ler, goldsmith, silversmith

Kyjua kitchen, cuisine

KyKaBuiya cookoo; sorrowful
woman; coward _

Kyxym (town in Greek Mac.)
Kilkis

KyTuBipa I cultivate

Kyueap corridor ne — outside
of normal channels

Kym godfather; sponsor at
wedding :a godmother or
wife of kum

KyMaHoBery native of Kymanoso
(N. central Mac.)

KyM.almmma godson .uua god-
daughter :
KyMoulTnna relatives by "kum”’,
relationship of ”kum”’ ,

KyMnaHnyja (dial.) == aApyuiTrso

JIY mcm TRITscTTO
JIMLGp, JINALAL

Jie
nadas jianguid, uncertain, shaky
socr f. insecureness, uncer-
tainness, shakiness
nadopatopuym laboratory
gap (-opn) lion

A

rad

KyHKypenuMja (dial.) == KoHKy-
penunja

Kyn (-opu/-umtra) pile, heap

Kyu.u T .ypa I buy

Kye little heap

Kypaxk courage

Kypymca T wind up; — ce get
settled comfortably

KYp3HB cursive (writing)

KypToa3nja courtesy

Kyptysanu T be saved, survive

Kypurym bullet

Kye short, stubby

Kycyp offense, insult, reproach

Kytupye little box

KyTuja box, container, can

KyT.uHa I .we T throw, make
fall (wrestling)

KyTpe puppy

Kyk.a house .eu (adj.) .epka .wue
little house nwa house-
maid; good housekeper

Kyq@ep suitcase, trunk

Kyuia I limp

Kyu.e dog
bitch

K’cmeT UV. KacMeT

Kru ce I (dial.) disappear

.CWUKM canine .Ka

jwaseme creeping, crawling
aa3n I crawl
max liar

name I lie, tell fe
jlamenu false

qamHya spoon

aaxasnus false, lying

aakomocr f. greediness

aakot elbow.

HamMapyua rain-gutter

aamM0a, aamna lamp

sanu last year

JIanaBnuya wet, sticky
mixed with rain

aanue T gobble, eat greedily

slacrarapKa, wacterapKa big
stick

aactapecr slim

jyacroBuya swallow
aatruya inset piece of
adorn clothing

aaun I separate, wean

sea bed, flower-bed

ne6 (-opm) bread; loaf :ap baker
(of bread)

aeOatTu (mild oath)

neOexq swan

neOneOuja roasted chick-peas

nes left :6necHo, 1€B0-2écHO ON
all sides

nern.e T .yspa I lie down

aeyeH icy

azequna unplowed field

mefen washbasin

see I pour

nexunu I lie, be lying

weKa-noneKka slowly, by de-
grees, little by little

aekap doctor, physician

jekoBepeH credulous

nekosutr medicinal, healing

sekomucynen frivolous :ocr f.
frivolity

nekygBa I heal, doctor

JIena (f. name)

meuta ribbon

JIenue dim. of Jlena, Esena

aen.u I He T stick, paste, glue

snow

cloth to

15 Macedonian grammar

JIMCTOKAI

wenye dim. of me6

ueca barriers of woven reeds,
to entrap fish

wec.eu light, light-weight, easy
-He T relieve, make light

netsa lath

nweT.e in summer .eu (adj.)
summer

netue T fly

Jletunx (festival) 21—2 March

weTo summer

netox leaflet, handbill

neke shame

wleyHka women with new-born
child

wemu™nk hazel nut, filbert

mm (question particle); whether

mm0e darling

mmBaya (coll. mmpafe) meadow

auBue T well up, begin to flow

auBOT vermin

imBue dim. of mer

amrap slobbering, babbling:
slimy, slippery

samrapnu I slobber; — ce be
deceitful, slippery

amoxKe (dial. mamxn) I lick

amu3He T lick

gmxo girl

aumjak bat; lilac

JIunjana (f. name) Lilian

aummon lemon

smHonéym linoleum

jmma I sob

aMpa pound (money)

aMpu.Ka lyric, lyric poetry
lyric poet

smpeKu lyric

aucuya fox; pl., handcuffs

aucr (-osn, coll. mucje) leaf;
sheet of paper

anucrokan October

“ap

229

saupepatypa

mmrepatyp.a literature :exn lite-
rary .Hocr f. literariness

uwmxBa interest :p money-lender,
usurer

amue face; person

auuej lycée

amuemep hypocrite :eH hypocri-
tical :ergo hypocrisy

wuumzeH personal; handsome

auun I look like; be fitting,
proper

amunoct f. personality, person-
age

imunotTuja beauty

smuraj lichen; herpes (skin
disease)

jaimuryBa I deprive

josp hunt; prey :eu (adj.) hunt-
ing :em hunter :euxm hunter’s
ww I hunt :murre hunting-
ground :ouyrap game warden
;0uyBapcKH game warden’s
inja — wo0Bell :WucKU = j0-
Beuknu :Kka huntress

nornka logic

soen tallow (adj.)

03a (-je) vine, vineyard

j03ja pl. vineyards

wOsHua — 03a

noj tallow, suet

noKBa puddle

Jby6a (f. name)

Jby6e (dim. of Jby6a, JbyGen)
JbyGe3enH kind, accomodating
JbyGeu (m. name)

sy6n I love, kiss

JbyOumen favorite, pet

226

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noct lever

notapuja lottery

jonata shovel

Hom bad sorzssja badness, malice

ayGenuua watermelon

aya crazy, mad

aya0a (poetic) anger

naymo young fellow

ayfe (pl. of uopex) people,
human beings

ayk garlic Hn ay jan nn ayK
mMupucan = I had nothing to
do with it, know nothing
about it

wtyKag crafty, sly

ayna I rock, cradle

ayae pipe

jiyuKa cradle

ayma thunderstorm

uynenmmka (empty) shell, peeling,
rind

aynnu I shell, peel

ayT angry: biting, highly spiced
(food); strong (liquor)

aytu ce [my] I be angry [at]

wytTuna rage

ay@To0andn balloon

ayumma rind, peel, shell

wene T swurrn I (dial.) shine,
glitter, gleam

|

wyGutren lover; amateur

Jby6una (f. name)

sbyGos f. love :en (adj.) love,
amorous :HnuK lover

JbyOonutT.eH curious .cTBO
curiosity

Cc

mMaBya dim. of mact

marape donkey :umu donkey’s
aranmnm storehouse, warehouse

MaryoHoc parsley

Marmja magic

MarncTep master (usually
pharmacist)

MarmMusenH magic

mary.a mist, fog .ue misty,
foggy

MarHe3MymM magnesium .

mMaypy properly (as a_ good
child should) cen sit
properly!

marapcxu Magyar, Hungarian

.

Mafep monastery cook :Huia
monastery kitchen
mafoc.a T work magic, cast
spell .auk magician
mae ce I wander aimlessly -
max husband :ano = :eme
(of woman) ww I

marriage 1an)
-marry (to a man
Ma3eH Eooih
Maj “May _
Maja yeast
MajecréT majesty
uti” mo thar
Ce eae er other

Majerop master, master-work-
man :max work for a master-

workman
VV Vs 2st

See Tl

Majuma mother’s :cku mot!

maka ae torture, sorrow

Makap at least, — ya although,
even if

rly

‘

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Maxenon.en Macedonian .wia
710H.e cedonian .1ja
NM ede ee
ivLaceéaonia
MakeyoHcKu (adj.) Macedonian

makHe T move; dip
Mal little, small
ManeHyo (unchanging) wee,
tiny, fine
mMazeyuoK small, wee
MasxKy a little bit 3a — almost,
nearly, [be] about to
MaOqyul.eH petty, mean .Hocr
0 neanness
a few in number
-HOCT a small number
M&fOKpB.eH anemic .HOCcT
f. anemia
ManoneT.eH under-age,

ess,
H .jH

minor

-HocT f. .cCTBO minority,
youth

MasloyMeH SMmall-brained, stupid
ocr f. stupidity, lack of
sense

Magy a little bit
MasryOpo.en, .jnxa few in number
MaylymMHOry more or less
Manue a little bit, a touch
Mamy3a spur
Mana blemish, lack
ManHrap very small coin,
farthing
MaHésap Maneuver
MaHxwKeéTHa cuff
manna food, dish
mapama a kerchief, ae

kerchi
Mapnija (f. name) WM

(regi
Mapnq@er trick
en ae jam

v
romtr
b wwtuve

mM enqit
fe UWL

i)
bo
~J

MM Ta Ca

Maca mass, crowd

macwye little table

mMacka mule

mack.a mask .mpa I/T mask
MacwIeH greasy

MacumHeH olive (colored)
Mac#eH greasy

Mactpas materials, supplies
MaTapkKa canteen

MarematTyyap mathematician

Maren muddy, beclouded,
unclear

MatTepmjanen (adj.)) material

matTu I muddy, stir up

matoc.a T .ysa I fib, tell lies

mMakea == mawrrea

mau.eu painful, hard, difficult
.CHUK .eHna Martyr, sufferer
eHnuKnH martyr’s .1 I torture
rex torturer .HoTuja_ tor-
ture, suffering

mau.Ka cat .op tom-cat .opoKk
dim. of mayop

Maia tongs

Matmana (exclamation of appro-
val), fine!

Malinka Sub-machine gun

mainknu male, masculine

mMaurrea step-mother

butter emille

Na Wren HMia ‘om
sve iv. vuer Aad ID

Ha
MeaH.a tavern, saloon, inn .yuja
m. tavern-keeper, innkeeper
megs (-op1) belly, stomach;
wineskin
Mesure dim. of mes, meco
mex honey :eH of honey meye-
HuoT meceyy honeymoon
MeyuunMHAap medical student
mefa border-strip; frontier
Mery between
mefryHapozen international
mery yceeGex internal, intramural,
mutual

228

rer

merytoa however; in the mean-
time

MexKOyH Stupid person

mesze hors d’ouevres (usually a
salad or cheese, SeNAS2 with
drinks)

Mesmmu council

mex soit :ocr f. softness

mene I (menen/msen)

mill

244444

grind,

mMeu.m T .ypa I change

MenwiepH.3am Menshevism .K
Menshevik

Mewasa [ — = MeHyBa

Mepaxk inclination, desire :mmija
m. admirer, person inclined
towards something

MepyuBan steps

mMepu I measure

MepHanujaH meridian

Mep.u10 Measuring-stick, meas-
ure .Ka Measure, provision

Mepmep marble :em of marble

mepuHe ce T flash by

MepoyaBeH exemplary, euleue

mMeceumua moon; moonlight

mecu I mix, stir

meco meat

MecreH, mecHa lo

mecru I place

mecro place; (prep.; 4.1) instead
of | 05

meranen of metal, metallic

meTaHija obeisance, bow to
ground

mMetrap meter (distance)

mete I (17.317) sweep

metrex disorder, confusion,
revolt

metxa I flash

metHe T put, place

metoxg method :cxu (adv.) in
method :muen methodical

cal, municipal

MeTpo — meTap
meKasa blizzard
meyp bubble
MexaHwyap mechanic
meurae I dream, imagine
Memia I mix; make bread
meme dim. of mMeB ruKu (acv.)
on one’s belly, belly-wiss
Memo m. pot-bellied man
muBkKa rag for polishing; lackey
Mur instant
mune ( (dial. j=
mue I wash
mMuKe a shut eyes Mroxu
qa re axwam i. e. Don’t
expect me to believe you.
Mujax (Name for Macedonians
, from west, around Galiénik,
who are somewhat distinct
in language and customs from
other Macedonians)
MuMjapga thousand million
MusmuHa pleasure, loveliness
mMusmu6n million :wr millionth
Miija mile
Munjana (f. name)
MuO3IMuB dear, kind

were 6XXTS

MMJIOC.CH merciful, gracious
. amp merciful
MusocpaHocT f. pity

MajoeT fe oraca

terre

MMJLyYBa T caress, stroke; love
MuMMKa mimicry

Munartr vast

aeWasann

mMuHato (the) past

MuUHTep :maK (sort of lo
covered with carpets,
as divan)

mun.e T' .yBa I pass, pass by

WAWWwWPAair no sser-by
WAWAEL Y epee a jet s ae)

MMHyTeH Momentary,
for a minute

lasting

MHO2KVMHAa

mMuUp peace

Mupe (m. name)

MMpeH peaceful, quiet

mupu3.6a/.ma smell, odor, fra-
grance .mus fragrant

mupue fragrance :a I smell

mMporsex world view

muci.a thought .eme opinion .
I think .wrex thinker

Muranka (f. name)

mMurpané3s (also -rpo-) machine-
gun

Murpe ( (m. Nat me)

Murpogsyenu St. Demetrius’ Day,
8 Nov. (end of agricultural

work -period)

‘Masa (m. name) Michael

MMMIKa upper arm nox — by
the arm, under the arm

mjayka I meow

Mia young :wHa young people,
youth :eer f. youth

Mianotypyu Young ‘Turks
(political party in Ottoman
Empire)

muaeko milk

MM. —= mMMJIMMeTap

MH. —= MHOMuHA

MHEHHE — MUCUIEHE

MHOrOocTpykK versatile

MHOory many

a5 Ay s44clit

MHOryarouHHK polygon
MHOryOpo.eH, .jHa numerous
-jHocr f. abundance, numer-
ousness
MHOryroqumieH many-year-old,
lasting many years
MHOryMMHa ==
MHOrynaTu many times,
frequently
MHOTycTpaH many-sided
MHOwecTBO multitude
MHO«KUHA Plural

HoSsyHHa
AVA SEU WD WE ae

229

MHO3unHa

MHO3HHAa majority; group of
many

MHYyK (dial.) =

MoB m™./f. moss

mMoBue dim. of mocrT

monap/monep blue

mMoyp.una blueness .uua bruise,

black-and-blue spot
mome I can, be able

momeomM perhaps
mom.eH able, possible .mocr f.

BHYK

b

petition, request Hu oI
beg, pray .wrpa prayer .vrBu
I worship .wrex I petitioner
momuk silence :we T be silent

:yM in silence, silently
moma lightening
moscne T flash brilliantly
Mom4aIHB silent, taciturn
momun I be silent (10.12, 10.14)
Moma girl
Momenr item, matter, moment
MOMMHCKn girlish
MOMMpOK mica
MomMnuKa dim. of moma
momoK fellow, young man (dim.
Mom4e)
iapxucTtuuKn Monarchist

(adj.) monotonous

MOH T
MOHOTOR (a
mopas bluish
mope (vocative particle)

mope Sea :IIOBCTBO navigation
mMopu (vocative particle)
MOpKOB Carrot,

mopHunn pl. tant. shivers
MopduymM morphium
mockoscKku Muscovite

Tare erin hrid co nan
WEUOCR WL AUS aim.

arnAamn
WAVULC LIU

MOK might, power :en mighty,

powerful
MoOuypuire

place
Moule very
M. p. == Malliku por
Mpas ant, dim. MpaBKa
Mpa3 (-onn) ice

Mpasw i Ireeze

Mpa3o0BeH icy

Mpa.k darkness, dark .4en dark,
gloomy

MpB.a arnt dim. .Ka

mpy.a I we T move, ues

mpexxy e [my] I
feteie. one’s eyes,
through a net

mp3u [mMe, ro] I be too lazy to

Mp3inMBeu lazy man

Mp30 m. lazy-bones

mp3He J freeze

Mp30B0%HHO (Serbian!) lazily

mMpmMopu 7 murmur

Mpcauk (Bulgarian!) rascal

IpTOB.ely corpse .e4ukH corpse-
like, corpse’s

Myader conversation :u ce I
converse

MysBa fly

MyBJ..a mold, mustiness .oca T
coe moldy

swamp, swampy

have spots

see a

n

Myyp.ey wise man .ocr f. wis-
dom (often ironic) .yurrmme
over-wise ideas, conclusions
-yBa I talk wisely

My3é} museum

ey

NTU PIATT OD miIsinr
ava y DRYEMLEA Liltivnsiv

MyHacun agreement
Myntya fool, idiot

ous

indicating rejection
mMycanypa big chest (for clo-
thing); linen closet; small
store-room
MyckKyz muscle

wvenTuman Mos! em
ava BR JAPAITAORLS ATARI AL

myctTaK/mycrak mustach

na! here! (handing someone
something)

Ha (prep.) of, to, on, onto, at
(4.309)

HaOabpen swollen, bloated

HadaB.Ka procurement, pur-
chase, receipt .yBau buyer,
acquirer

HaGepe T (17.2) collect, acquire

Hadn.Ba I .e T pound down

HaOser.a I ne T .nyra I insist
on

HaOmm«KU ce T approach, near

Hadmm3y near, nearby

Hadoj bruise

HaOpry hurriedly

HaOpeKHaT swollen, bursting,
tensed
Hadp30 — Hadpry

Hadpo.u T .jypa J enumerate,
tell off, count

Ha6yG6pu T = HaOadpun T
become swollen

napaka here, hither

HaBanen broken-down; loiling

HaBamy here, hither

HaBaca T conquer, manage,
succeed, find time

Hage.sBa I .e T waft, blow

HargraBu

MycTaksnja
with mustaches

mycraunipa dim. of myctrakn

MyTaB rug of woven goats-hair
umja m. maker of m.

MyxXameyaH.ey (.4) Mohamedan

MylkKa animal face, snout

Myinne T shove
ava aentaw a Wd Vw

naBeye T (17.316) cite, adduce,
bring: bend over

HaBeyH.e T .yBa I bend, bow

HaBeyep in the evening, of an
evening

HaBhBa I wind

HaBHrayHonen, -Ona (2.212)
navigational

HaBljylymM seemingly, apparently,
outwardly

HaBHe T wind

HaBHK custom, habit

nwaBupe I penetrate

HaBhcoKo on high

HaBicTHHa in truth, indeed

HaBHaTpe inside

HaBozHHON (pl.) quotation

marks

2444

HaBpaTu T HwaBpaka I return
Haspe T (17.1) pull up, put on
(hurriedly)

HaBpey.a insult .« T hurt
feelings of

HaBpeme in time

Happemen timely :ocr f. timeli-

ness

wastaca T reach, arrive
HaByac right away
HarmaBnu T repair (knitting)

231

HaroJieMo

\Harojzemo, ce KpeBa — put on
airs

Harope upward, up, uphill

Harope-Hayomy up and down

Haropu T heat up

HaroToso for cash

narpuse T (17.311) bite, start to
‘gnaw

Han (prep.) above, over (4.410)

HanaBa I lengthen

Hanaye T (17.316) add

Haganeky (adv.) distant

HayapeH gifted

HajlaxHaT inspired :oct f. inspi-
ration, inspiredness

Hayaxue T inspire

HayBuBa I conquer, master

HayBe in two

HaBe-HATpN/HayBenaTpu
haphazardly, superficially

HayBop outside, outdoors :emen
external, outside :eurmocr f.
outside, exterior

HayrpanoOa superstructure

HayyasBa I give in excess, extra
‘he extra contribution

Haynwane T (17.316) give extra

HayeBa ce I hope

Hayex f. hope

Hayecno on the right

Haysem.a I .e T (17.321) take
more (than necessary or due)

HayMuHysBa I surpass, go beyond

HaymMyapu T outwit

Hayojxe T (17.323) arrive in
large numbers: rise (water)

HayojyzeH Swollen (waters)

Hayouro for a long time

Hayony down, downward

Hanye T puff up

HaeyHau all at once, suddenly

nmaegHo all at once, together

232

—$$—<—<—=

HaemeH covered with goose-
flesh, with one’s hair stand-
ing on erd

Haem rent :aTem renter
lessee

Haepo askance, at an angle

Hamwasunu T sadden, make sor-
rowful

Ha3saq_ back, backward :eeuxu
backwards, backing up :eu
backward, reactionary :HocrT
f. backwardness

Ha3aem on loan

Ha3ypaBu T recover health

Ha 3)ipaBje to your health!

Hasemu on the ground

Ha3zopym as if trailing

Hasupa I waspe T (17.1) view

HaspHe T glance

Hau3ne3se T (17.313) come out
(in crowds)

Hanusyct by heart

Haj- (superlative prefix, 2.242,
3.11)

HajaBe when awake, in reality

Hajanpo wholesale

Hajye T (17.323) find

Hajyomy farthest down,
bottommost

Hajjako most strongly

HajjyHak most heroic

Hakaj (prep.) to (4.2)

Hakane T bathe

Haxkaca T bite, taste

HaKkuT.u T .yBa I adorn,
beautify

HakJIeBeTeH Slandered

HakoBasna anvil

Haxkpaj (prep.) at the edge, end
(4.307)

HakpaTKO in short

HakpeneH based on, supported

by

-HUK

HakpuBo crookedly
HAaKPyNHO en gros

wAIwT.AN IN short
many av Ail LLL

HayakTeH leaning on elbow

Hajean poured full of

Hanet attack
is f A yo. is 9 ’ 2

Hamm (HEM) is it not so? n’est-
ce pas?

Hanomm T assign, order; mu ce
Hajomwu he forced me to;
impersonal ce HanouNU Cir-

cumstances cause
= PPE. my
cE

anger

HaMa = HapoyeH mMaraliH
(general store)

Haman T reduce, make small

Hamepa intent

HamecHu,kK substitute .uITBO
substitution

Hamecteu substituted

Hamectu T put in place

Hamecto in place of, instead

Hametue T put in place

Hamuru.e T .yga I wink, blink

HamuHe T drop in

HamHomu T multiply

HamypTt.u JT .yspa I ce frown,
scowl

Hamye shame :uuja shy, decent

Hana mamma

Hanec.e T (17.319) .ysa I bring,
sneatt
visit,

HaHnucko on the floor

Hampasu T (start to) hate

Haofa I find

HaOoKOJTy surrounding, around;
in the vicinity

Haonaky backwards, wrong,
upside-down, inverted

Hannay attack :me T attack

nanafa I attack

nanamet by heart, from
memory

earTca
VAUYLY

mm nS SS te

Hallywitn

nanace T (17.311) pasture

HanatTu at times

HanepHaT arrogant

HammBa I give to drink

Hanme ce T drink one’s fill

Hanuneca T (dial.) curse

HammHa I make effort, exert,
stretch

Hanmpa I insist, make effort

Hanuuie T write down

HangyayqHe at noon

nangactu T pile in layers

Hanne T exert, stretch

Hanourena nourisher

plete, fill out .o completely

Hanop effort

Hanopey.eu parallel .anK
parallel

Hanopeuku crookedly, cross-
wise

Ha np. = Ha npHMep

HampaBa workmanlike job;
thing, gadget

Halipasnu T do, accomplish,
make

Hanpaso Straight-out, directly

Hanmpa3zHo in vain

Hanpepap as soon as possible

Hanpernat tense(d)

Hanpey forward, in advance :exu
progressive, forward

‘ Hanmpen, :HocT f. progressive-
ness :0K progress

Hanpeky by a short-cut

Ha mpumep for example

Hanmponer in the spring

Hanporue on the contrary

HalipetTnu on tiptoe

HampceroKk thimble

HallyapeH powdered

Hanycro in vain

Hanyuit.a I .w T leave

‘waa =
Mia ~—_

3)
QC
3

apakBUVia

Rapakpeuya glove
Hapann T feed

-yBa I order
Dae = HapeyHulu
HapexOeyaBen commander
Hapean T line up, order
Hapeuje dialect

HapeuHmna Fate (one of 3

old

Vow

women believ ed to prophesy
life course of infant on 3rd
day of life)

HapeuyBa I name

HaperHoocI000IMTeNeH natio-
nal-liberational

naponmnoct f. nationality :eH o
nationality

HapouHO purposely, on purpose

Hapyyuex at noon

Hacaym T plant

Hacamo alone

HaceKkane everywhere

Hacej.6a settlement .enne popu-
lation

Hacetu T sense, realize

Hacnsia scarcely

Hacuy.u ce T put on pressure,
try hard .wmK aggressor .HM-
WITBO aggression, force .cTBO
force

Zackopo soon

BFac TY. TY UTA suce
BLU La pees wees cece

heritage
Bacu0B title :eH (adj
wacme.a smile, ieee

=

-BHAaT smiling,
T smile .e ce T smile, laugh

(at)
wacodepe T (17.2) gather, collect
Hacomu3H T shed tears

Araa

WAM /pacone 1 a qaream

MLC UTE Regu tii a
wacnaH having had enough
sleep

234

Hacipcma vis a vis, opposite, in
relation to, as opposed Lo

end

n
TrAePAMNnoAMTA OY sing,

SLU SEVV EE VeYwv
fA 4X

(4.1) :B opposite
Hacpeye in the middle, midst
Hacpun T encourage

HacTasu T continue

HacTaB.Ka continuation; suffix
HK instru ctor, teacher Hau

Kn teacher’s, educator's
HacTaH event, happening :e T
1

oDves!

entrance, appearance m
T :yBa I appear, enter

HacTuHe T cool off, get cold

HacTojyBa/HacrToga I insist

HaCTOJyBamwe insistence

Hactpaga T suffer

HacTpaHa to, on one side; aside

HacTpann T put aside

HactTppu T wish evil to, be
ready to attack

HacTpoeHne mood

HacyBo on dry land

Hacyuien daily

HaTaka, HaTamy in that direc-
tion, after, m Taxa — (mrn.)
and so on (etc.)

HaTamomweH subsequent

HaTema anathema, curse — re
damn him!

HaTepa T drive, chase

watTucHe T press, put pressure
on

HaTHMCcOK pressure

Se ere ek een a ee PT ee ee del ae

HaToBapu T load (compieteiy)

HaToweH Sharpened

HaTnone inscription, marginal
notation

HaTIIpeBap (m.)
(adv.) )} in com

competition;
etition

tyBa ce
I compete
HaTpnym sodium

HaTpyua T run up, come running

Harrpua T win excell in
run ining

natTdpps.a I xu T .ypa I throw
further, overshoot, exceed

HaTHOBe.K SUPperMman .4Ki
superhuman

Hayka science, teaching

Haymi T invent, think out,

Haypes3 crosswise

nayuen scientific, learned |

TYA‘tirys, | learn taann
anay awk 4 VAtil, LOCAL

naqdpaka I grab on to

nwaxnja district (of Turkish
empire)

waxpannu T feed, nourish

Haun.ja nation .onazen national
.oHamHo-ocnoGonmmTenen of
national liberation

nayuamnm«K chief, chief official

Hauac right away

Hayezo co headed by

HayecTo often

HauMH Manner, way; mood
(grammar)

HauHaT begun, touched

nauye T hear, catch sound of
Ha Tr (9 2742) Ou r

mained our r man, member o
our group, a ae

Hammpoko broadly

HallTecpye on an empty

stomach
He no; n ot

aay aay

ft
L

(with verb, written

ratel2 joined to

Separarery,
noun or adjective)

né us (cf. Hac, Hue 2. ae
nea her (cf.
Heapen ugly, wrong, not pretty,

not yroper

LAG/ VUAIG, 2.a1)

uv eo
Hebdo sky
neOpan ungathered, uncollected
ue6peeH uncounted, countless

HeAOCJIE TE OCT

HeBepojaT.cH improbable, un-
likely <HocT f fone periage

J Pea J poe a
HeBecTa bride, engaged girl,

newly wed woman
HeBemiT unskillful, clumsy,
awkward
HeBMy.eH unseen, unparalleled
IMB invisible
HeBHH innocent :ocr f.
HeBncTMHa untruth
HeBHMMaTeneH Unattentive

wWeapormMycar restrai ad
S2UPVIAPAAGE ULI Y alnea,

unbridled

HeBO3M02xKeH impossible

HeBOILA pain, illness, misfortune
-eH Sick, unfortunate

HeBpasruja neuralgia

HeBpacteH.uja neurasthenia ux
neurasthenic

Herap Negro

Herye —= HeKaje

HeruOHaT Unbent; unused,
brand new

Heros his (2.313)

HerogyBame displeasure, impa-
tience, annoyance

Heyena Sunday, week

Henenmmepe indivisible :0cT | f indi_
saw paw. ALVAS V ELA LIL e ° £iL04L

a es

wera crn 144

VISLDL1LITY
HeyerkaH unhewn, crude
Heyopep.0a distrust .uusB dis-

trustful .mwsocr f. distust-
fulness
HejorepeH unconvinced
HexOBONeH discontent
HewoyemKaH rough, unhewn,
loutish

nenomakuiy snnd_ for=n nothin no
arte dehe aig oe ae L0P-H1O tril iie

(loafer, gambier, drunkard
HenoHocye abortion
Heyoo0neueH not fully clothed
HeyOCIe7.ecH inconsistent .HocT

f. inconsistency

d)

235

HeFOCTAHYBA

ness, a asceie wea,
HezocTaT.ox la oe -o4uen insuffi-

ff
OUHn6CcT f- insufficiency

Heyocrur lack, insufficiency

HeyoymesBa I be unable to make
up mind

HexoymMua doubt, hesitation

HeyjoyueH Semi-educated

Helryras abnormal, feeble-
minded
HeewHaKOB dissimilar, not of

‘the same kind
He3ad0paBeH unforgettable
He3saBMuc.eH independent .Hocr
f. independence
Hesaapmunus unrestrainable,
irrepressible
HesamHTepecupan disinterested,
uninterested
He3aMeHIMB irreplaceable
He3alaMeTeH unremembered
HesracHaT unextinguished
Hes_px#KaH unbounded,
unchecked
He3HadoxeuKN irreligious

He3Ha.cH .jHa unknown .eme
ignorance

He3HaTeH insignificant

HeNs6emeH inescapable, inevi-
table

HeM3Bec.cH unknown -HocT f.
the unknown

HenusBecTeH uninformed

Hen3p%KIMB unbearable

é :
HeusjacHer unexplained :ocr f.

unexplainedness
HenusneuwnB incurable :ocr f.
incurability
HeM3Mep.enH infinite .Hocr f.
infinity, excess

24iillle we eS

A CS a pe rn enemrennne-sunrath

HeM3pasimM ee

Hence even so, all the sa

HeMCKaman unsaid; inex xpres-
sable :

Henenpnen incomplete, not
exhaustive

Hejaye.H hungry, not having

eaten .me hunger
HejaceH unclear, indistinct
Hejse (cf. raa/ona, 2.31) her
Hej3ua her, hers (2.313)

if

No
HejKe I will not, no

Hexa let, may
HeKage SOmewhere
HeKaKO Somehow

want to

WaAL

ee yeah a

H€KanHetT uninvited

HeKoraurt once, formerly, :eH
former

HeKOj (2.7) some(one), a certain
(one)

HeKojnaT some (indefinite) time

HeKONKy a few, some

HeKOIUMHA (group of) a few

Heylerayel, underground work-
er, person in disguise

Hewm isn’t it so, n’est-ce pas

HeywyOe3enH unhelpful, inconsi-
derate

Hema I not have;
not mema Ke won't seat

there is no,
not

want to..., not intend to...
fOr 211 ‘
(aU.4a L

HemMameH Unmarried

HeMaT (ORG) == HemaaT

HeMallITMHAa poverty
HeMMeH ie
Hemus unwanted, unloved,

unvlea eant
Se ee era ae

HeMMHOBeH inevitable, unpre-
ventable

HeMMp uneasiness, unrest :eH
uneasy

Hemucnum unthinkable

HeMOj, HemojTe (29.1) do not!
don’t! .
HemMopan lack of morality

“HeMOILII i. /HeMommAHK
HemonmieH ill, sick
HeHaje.eH, .jHa unexpected
-Jnoct f. unexpectedness
HeHayMMnAaT unsurpassed
HeHaOpy*KaH unarmed

HeHanmenH not having drunk

not
L1iVUvU

5
9
Juande
jt
jt
ID

Tranvoannwea Tom abnorm a1
Si SL BR SCAJ 5 SE an iL Lili,

normal
HeHy2KeH unnecessary
HeoomuenH unusual
HeoOy3aaH Unbridled
HeorpaHmuen unlimited
Heomamu.a not long ago, not
long since .emreu (adj.) of not
long ago
Heononnme irresistable
Heoapeyen undefined,
nite
Heonmxoy.eH necessary, indispen-
sable .weer f. indispensability
HeoceTmMB imperceptible
HeoceTHO imperceptibly
HeocnopeH undisputed

Vvertupres UALIVA Lou

indefi-

HeOTCTalIHO unswervingly,
implacably

HeoleHiMB invaluable, inesti-
mable
HeoueKkyBaH unexpected :ocr f.

Den

Hema uneven

(n
a
mennenea illiterate 20CT
racy
HenumaH unpainted
‘HenobezuMB UNcOnquerable
which

bh
a

HenoppateH irrevocable;

cannot (be) return(ed)
‘Henorpemesn infallible

Hepa3peLlismMB

HenouBMxKeH Immovable

HenouHnecnMR unbea rable
u LUA,
al.)

SSUES Ase VUEwEE Lani

oe oe ha

HenoeuBaH (dial.) badly

Serean ill-mannered
NemGROneOne firm, unshakable
HenoKopHoct f. unsubmissive-
HenOMNpANB irreconcilable
HenonpasiMB irreparable
Henocpeyzen direct

HeNOTHONH incomplete

HellpaBya injustice
HelmpersieqenH unsurveyable
Hempenzpunenoct f. unforeseen-
ness, unforeseen state of
affairs
HenpeKumHe incessantly
Helpeoyen intransitive
Helpecta.eH, .jHa incessant
HelpecTano — Hempe cTajHo
HelpijaTex enemy :cKu Un-
friendly, inimical
Henpusmuen improper
HenpumetrHo (Serbian!) imper-

ceptibly
HellporseyzenH impenetrable,
paque
HelipokorcaHnk useless, bad
person
HenpomeHsMmB unchangeable
Helymay non-smoker

Hem.ye palate sew palatal

Hepaatuak disorder, quarrel,
lack of peace

Hepa30up.ame incomprehension
-1muB incomprehensible

Hepaz0paH not understood;
incomprehensible

rwanarranwp indivi sib! a
shy Pas Avdt wi A MAL V SOLA LL

Hepaspemuus insoluble, unsol-
vable

237

HepaHMuMajKa

HepaHMMajKa/HepaHuMajKO 7m.
(-opyum) good-for-nothing,
loafer

HepB.ecH nervous .mpa ce I/T be
nervous, impatient

mecBec.eH unconscious .HocT f.
faint, lack of consciousness

HecBp31MuB UNnconnectable

HeceOmueH unselfish

Heceren unfelt

HecurypeH uncertain

HeckKpneH unconcealed

HecmucueH senseless,

sical

uecHocen unbearable

HecoBeceH without conscience

HecoBIa_IMB unmanageable

HecozemeH not collected, not
recovered

HecnaH not having slept
(enough), sleepy

HecuneHe insomnia

HeCNOKO.eH, .jHa uneasy
uneasiness

HecpeK.a misfortune, accident
eo unfortunate .wux unlucky
person, victim

HeTpue.JMB impatient .HMe
impatience

HeyOaB not pretty

HeyOeq.eH unconvinced .mHB
unconvincing

HeyBepmmuB untrustworthy

HeyMepeH excessive

HeymMecen out of place (adj.)

HeymomuB implacable

eee unusabie

nex (-cw) failure
sycTpawmunes fearless

Hey4cH Wi ce nere unstudied

HeyectTup devilish, sinful

HeuncT unclean, impure :oTuja
dirtiness, impurity

nonsen-

.jcTBO

x
@® &
3
>
SS

238

HeyoBe.K inhuman person .4eH
inhuman, bestial
HeuyeH, HeuyjHa imperceptible

(to the ear)

HeuyeH, HetyeHa unheard of

HemmTo something (2.7); thing

Hu not Hu...HM neither... nor

HMBa Meadow

HuBemmpa I/T make level

HHBHH their (2.313)

HUBO niveau, ‘evel

Hurye —= HMKaye

ue (2.31) we

HMeweH none (as epithet indi-
cates strengthening of other
attributes)

nue IJ string

HIDKN (2.23) lower

Hu3 (prep.) through, about, on,
along, down (4.311)

Hu3a string, series

HM30K, HuCKa low

HHjaHca nuance

HMKaye nowhere

HMKako not at all, in no way

HuKaKOB no kind of, no

HuKen nickel; metal coins

HuKHEe T sprout

HuUKOorall never

HUKO} (2. 7) no one, no

HiKoj-HMir7e no one any where

HUKOjMaT never, On no occasion

HUKysenu sprout

HMTy not even HMTY...HUTY
neither... nor ;

HWuKOCAa T lower, fall on face

HMuKyM face-down

HMWiaHH J aim

uumKa I lean, bend, waver,
rock

HuKa thread

HuuiTH I destroy

HuwiTo (2.7) nothing

HOB launka /3006) anan ea
i> ({CHO0C/ HOO) HapoazHo
ocnodoqutTenHa Bopoa (i. e.
the Partisan movement,
1041_F)\
AvUVLIL vw)
iOB (Hogs) HapoyzHo-ocn0b0gn"-

remHa Bojua War of National
Liberation

HOB new :ocr f. newness,
novelty

HORMHAa; OF HoBMna Ha HermGen
from the new
dark of the moon =
beginning to end

HOBOpOozente Newborn child

Hora (pl. Ho3ze) leg, foot

HoraBiuna pant-leg, puttee

HoémBpu November

Ho3ypa nostril

Hose pl. of Hora

Hox (-oBii/-eBu) knife

HoKOT fingernail, toe nail

Hoc nose dim. HocHe

NANA

odara (f., n. oOeTe) both (2.92)
oOajuara (male persons) both

(2.92)
odsusBa I wrap around
ooBuHM J’ accuse
odgp3e T bind up, involve
oOsBpcka bandage; commitment
odequH.u T .yBa o unite
o6e33emjyBame losing land
oGenexje mark
ooem circumference :eH inclu-
sive, large
o6epe T (17.2) rob
odecu T hang
oGecnoxo.m T (10.12) .jyza ce I

be bothered, become upset

HOCt.au bearer, porter .u I carry,
wear .wja costume .usuxa litter
Mren bearer, carrier

wocos nasal :ocr f. nasality

HOCcOpor rhinoceros

HOK f. night

tamt bread-
LULL. NMLCAU-

are

nokey pl.

rough
HoK.e at night, by ae .ega I

spend night .eu night, noctur-

nal .ecxa last night euieH of
last night nu I /T spend the
night
HP (u’p’) = Hapomna penyOm-
‘Ka Peoples Republic
HPM (nH’p’w’) — HPMakeno-
uuja PR of Macedonia
Hyau I offer

Hy#&.ya need .em necessary
uyaa zero, null

. HYHHH} nuncio

Hyp.Ka I .we T dive; stagger

ishonor

oOsmp account :
around, take int

obspe/oGspHe T = os

oouy attempt :e T (17.:
I ce try, arent

OONTaBa 1

edly)
oGuofa I visit, inspect
o6uten f. dwellings
UUNTCJE J. GQWEILIITIS
oOmuaj custom

oOtap.a declaration. vo
vw Jee CeCe ACALMA US Wily pvye

publish, declare.

, atte vem

actar wa
LL els

|
a

bo
Oo
co

expound .euu

eonax cloud

oodsmacr f. region

oOnacTeH, 00macHa regional

oone.pa I .e T bathe, soak

ooneka clothing, suit

cdmeue T (17.312) clothe, dress

oommpa I flood

oOmmxKyBa (ce) I lick one’s
chops

oosmKk form

oOnuxypa I give form to

cOmana deception

OO0HOB.a renewal, renovation .u
T renew, renovate

odopen fallen, felled; bowed

odonuitu T generalize :

oOpa, o6pan, oOpau — v. odepe

ooOpasue dim. of odpas

oopas cheek, honor (’face’), fi-
gure :em (-cum) model :onan
educated, cultured ‘opanne
education :ysau formed :yBa-
me formation

eGpacre T 0 overgrow

oodpatu T obpaka f turn, return

odOpau embrace, encirclement

oopue T turn

ooy.Ba I .e T put on (shoes,
footwear)

opne/opyexa here

opyeuren from here, local

oBoj (2.4) this (close to speaker)

opoml.eH (adj.) fruit .je (coll.)
fruit .xa fruit-tree ‘Tap fruit-
grower .raperso truit-grow-
ing

oppmn T ti

oByja sheep

opt.ap sheep-herder .apexu nec

ae eee Seep 44a

oO
@
%

'S

240

tl eps yen

0. ©.

oraH/oruu (pl. ornosn) fire;
dim. oranye/oruuye

ornan/ornamum« rope halter

oraiacu ce T react, express
opinion

ormena T look around; — ce
reflect

ormeyano mirror

orsys.u/.He T deafen

cruynysa ce I become stupid

orn.eH fiery .murre hearth
.ooTnopen fire-proof

oronen bared, made naked

orpaga (coll. orpafe) garden,
enclosure, yard

orpaHuun T limit

orpaun T make ugly

orpe.p heating materials, fuel
.e I warm, heat

orpue T put, around shoulders

orpomen huge, tremendous

orpyou T make rough

on (prep.) from, of (4.312)

om walk, course

onmaBne from there, then

ofaBHa == ohaMHa

owaBHMuK traitor

Onaj.a room, dim. .4e

omamu.a long ago -emren of long

OBaa rommHa

ago

ondepe T (17.2) choose, select,
comprehend

onou.pa I .e T reject, beat off,
repel

on0necox reflection

oaees au3y from close by
on0pagu T take off (kerchief)

omopau.0eH (adj.) defense, de-
De

fensive «i T defend
ompene T (17.316) take en

omgee T waft away, blow away

OfpsKyBa

o7pu.Ba I .e T unwind
OTBMWIOK excess

oyBpateH repulsive

o7Bpeme forever, since the be-
ginning; — uHappeme from
time to time

oxsp3e I untie

onratne T solve, find solution

onrgiac echo. response

Vw Vhs, peas su

er, correspond

(to)
away
onjanemy from afar .wen dis-

tant .uzm1 T .syga I make to

go away, become distant
ouyen section, division :m T di-
vide :enme section, depart-

ment :yBarwe separation, di-

viding, division
omgecHo on the right
onmnoum«nu T release from debt
onnomry from below
ounoma from home
onewe walk, wales leaving,

going
oy3ayn from belie
om3ByuyBa I echo

:

rans 2a a mm

ORSEM.A @ o£ (1
away

oysBue ce T (17.11) answer
back, reecho

ONSMB echo, answer :a I echo,

a
oyurpa ce T take place, play
oyseBo on, from the left
osenyBa ce I come unfastened,
unstuck

ié Macedonian grammar

omnsa3 Tra

a

onnecuu I lighten, relieve
onsuuKysa I decorate, reward

veer ee MS en HU, v

were Arse Ars

OANWiCH excellent

onmmuje excellence

onnomnu T put off, postpone
onn0mKa fragment

OuNyKa decision

ouma at once ©

AVAN co

ia ees eveiige HH = aver os
,

oumetKyga I unwind, unravel

oamMne T avoid —

oymopyn ce T rest

oymotyra T unroll

oxHayBOp from outside

oyxHa3anx from behind

oyHanpeyx from in front

o7Haponysa I lose nationality

onHatpe from within

onHeKane from someplace

onneHnanrem/oxnenajyenoe unex-
pectedly

omHece T ik 319) take out,
carry out

oyHecysBa ce I refer

OHOBO again

omHoc attitude, relation

onospye from here

on00p.eHMe approval

Mu T ap-
prove .yBame approval

(

\

“hh
xy

OAOSTONa from below upwara a)
OHOKOJY from about
onxom«Ku T become indebted

oromn£§o than
wpAVeELLY uv. ail

owpa3 expression, reflection

oxpeyx.6a order, regulation .eu
definite, defined, specific .u
T define

oupm.u T .ypa I keep up

241 |

onyun

onc- Vv. OTC-

onyun T get out of the habit,
forget

onyiesn.u T .ypa I ce
enthusiastic .eHoctT f.e
siasm -yBalbe en nthusiasm

omeyHu T ce become thirsty

ome.“ T revive .ee I come to
life

omane T (17.11) *harvest

oxmorTeH yellowed

o3sadeH showing teeth

osropa from above

o3y0na from below

o3sypaBu T regain health

osBue T (17.11) answer

oKamKku pl. tant. glasses

okanan Soaked, thoroughly wet

oxane T fall (leaves): s spend a
long time on

oKapa T curse, swear

oxo (pl. oun) eye

okoKopeu Staring, popping,
fixed

oKoun.ja neighborhood, vicinity,

become
nthu-

(an administrational area)
.cKM regional
okony (prep.) around; about

(4.313) |
oxpgaBu T bloody
oxpy.r region 7eH rounded

Vane

dactraxy

OKTOMBpM cone

oKynaumonen, -Ona (2.212)
occupational

onadasu T loosen

onayu T cool

onecuu I relieve, lighten

omkas of this size (2.8)

omky this much

os10B.o lead .eH leaden

omya I hiccough

0. M. == OBO] Mecel

242

omaxu T marry

omajoBax.u T .yBa I deprecate;
underestimate .yBate depre-
pegetion, Sean
MeKH.e T soften .yBa
was

aza hate

ae ona, OHO, OHM (2.31) he, she,
it, they

oHagu I (verb which replaces
any verb which the speaker
cannot think of at the time,
or wishes to avoid naming.)

onaxos like that (2.8)

oHamy (to) over there

oHeBO3MOxKU T make impossible

onemu T fall silent, be dumb

OHO (on’o or ceno) = Oprann-
sauuja Ha OdeqnuHerute Ha-
poun UN = United Nations

onaguHe T reduce, fall

onafame decline

onako/onaky inside out, back-
wards

onacuoct f. danger

onaunna inside, back-side,
reverse

onawe T gird :ct with a tail

onamKa tail

onepammonen, -u0na (2.212) ©
operational

onmuenoct f. intoxication

ommHOK opinok, opanak (kind of
sandal)

onnmHuap opinok-maker

onmue description

onmuemen.u T .yga I make lite-
rate, teach reading and wri-
ting to

onmmtT experience; attempt

onuta T ask

onmTeH experienced

a T surround

tre coften—
PTA) MAE ULSD

OT
onk Wk

omHe T make effort, strive

ono3snyunOHeH -O6Ha oppositional

onouHOMOomTu T empower, give
full powers to

onpaBy.anue justification .yBa I
justify

onpeyen.6a definition .yBame
determining, definition

oncayz.a siege .1 T besiege.

oncer extent, compass, girth

oncezHe T besiege

oncune T shower, sprinkle

oncTaHOK existence

onTuuap optician

onysanu ce T look at

onqateH preoccupied; included

onuir general

onwiTecrs.eH social .o society

onliroypaxaBeH all-state

opa/ope I plow

opa.me plowing .4 plowman

opraH organ, agent, agency

opraHvu3zanNoneH, -OHa organi-
zational ;

opranu3iipa I/T organiz

opma horde

opyeH order

opes walnut

open (opsm).eagle :cxu (adj.)

opu3 rice :oB of rice

spo dance (similar to Serbian
kolo) :soyeu leader of oro

opoazm ce T become related

opecen dewy, dew-covered

oprorpadmuja orthography,
spelling

oproma rope :p rope-maker

opyzue tool

opyx.a I arm .eH armed je
weapons, arms

ocamue T isolate, become. lonely

ocBexysBa I refresh, freshen

ocsen except for (adv., prep.; 4.1)

16*

OCYMCTOTMUHM

ocBeri.u T .ysa I illuminate,
light up

ocBeTaeHHe illumination

ocBo.u T .jyspa I conquer, adopt

ocereH palpable, perceptible

ocetu T sense, realize

ocurypa I ensure

ockyeH Sparse, rare,

ocza6.u/.He T .xypa I weaken

ocnen.ee T become blind . T
blind

ocno607n.u T .yBa I liberate .wre-
neu of liberation .yBame libe-
ration

ocayutnysa I listen

ocmayu T make sharp odor
(burning, hair, wool, etc.)

ocmaKk (a weight and measure,
ca. 62 ibs)

ocmu eighth

ocmuna 18

ocmuua figure eight

ocHos.a basis, foundation, warp
.a/.yga I found, base .aw
based, founded .auxu found-
er’s .en_ basic, fundamental

ocobex special, particular

ocojHmua sheltered spot, where
sun does not shine

ctas.a I .1 T leave

uc

noor

Kryvv-

TaHar remaining, left over

octan.e T .yBa I remain

ocrap sharp, pointed

ocrapu T age, get old

ocraToK remainder

octpu I sharpen :uo sharp edge;
whetstone sharpness :ma
cutting edge

ocrpoymeH sharp-minded, cle-

ver, witty

ocyau T condemn
ocym 8 :yecer 80 :Haect 18 :cTro-
THHn 800

oo

"a
ona

)
nS
Ww

oraye from there, then; on the
other side of

OTBOp opening :a I/T open :ex
open, unlocked

oTeOTBOpeHvHe embodiment

otena T kill, murder

Pe ee Ee Pe eee ae EN

oTely tatner (= priest)

oteye T swell up, become
infected

1 )
otuma I take by force — ce

resist, object’

oTKaxwe ce T

oTKaj (prep.) from, beside (4.2)

OTKaKO aS soon as, from the
time that

oTxaun T unfasten, unhook

oTKnue T cut off

oTkuonnu T unclose, open

oTKOTa since

OTKONIKy since, than

oTKScS at an angle

oTKpaj from beside

oTkpyu.ga I .e T discover, open
THe discovery

OoTKpimeH ripped off

otme T take away, kidnap

otnayHe T fall away, be left

out of acco
wihu he UvYvwy
.

Set ga
oO
beh)
s
bab}

=
—
@
bab}
<
@m

aint
Mss

oTnatysBa I depart

6
vl
a
@
is
|
»
2)
ec

oTnoun.e T .ypa I begin

from the be-

agTTInMnRen /anwmmprere
ne m Lak van

eee / a
ginning, at first
oTHpocTym standing up
eras ee NG ald ee
OTILYDITH £ 1EL 1L00SE
OTpoB poison

244

OTpy.Bau poisoner .BayuKa poi-
son; act of poisoning, f. poi-
soner .e T poison

oTpua T run around

orcera from now (on)
orcexane always
orceye T cut off
oTceyeH brusque, clipped '
orcKpaja from afar

orcnpeau from in front

otcran.n T retreat, withdraw
-HUK apostate .yBame retreat

TcTpan.a from the side mu T
rid, put aside

oTcycTB.o absence .ysBa I be
absent

orcyt.en absent .wocr f. absence

orramy from there, then

oTtnmu T deflate
orroraj/orroram from that
time, since then

oTryKa from here

orryp.a I .. T push out

oTdppsan T throw away

otnenym T wring out, squeeze
out

otyenn T split off

oTIHellyBaH-e separation

oTypum T excerpt; draw (wa-

ter) from

oKopu T become blind in one

om
<q
~

od (exclamation of surprise,
pain, sorrow) :ka I :we T say
Ine azvplainr acraan
Ooq@, exclaim, groan

ocpan3iiga offensive

ody aren official

der Skate ale as a Vil LAL
t

odopmysa I form :me
ation

(=e Se WA dea MnL. 2 A
VAPHACKO ESEpO Lake Unrid
(in SW Mac.)

oxpuycKku of, from Oxpun
(town, SW Mac.)

oxpnfan.ey (-Hu) .Ka native of
Ohrid

Couer vineg

oua.e T es .eH, .jHa de-
sperate, despairing .j/.jannue
desperation, despair .jumx de- -

sperate man
oueOujuo strikingly, obviously

oueBunem eye-witness

na and, and then; well

naBuajoH pavilion

naryOen fatal, destructive

nayap field guard

nayem case (grammar)

manu I shoo, drive out

rayne T fall

nafa I fall

NAS (maz) mpotTusasuoneKa 3a-
wITHTAa

mazap market, market-place
:eH_ (adj.) market :m I trade,
bargain .wurre market-place,
market

na3u I watch, watch out, take
care

na3yBa bosom, breast

Ilaticn (m. name)

najaknna spider-web

majak spider :oB spider’s

najammna == = najaauna

najKa duck

mak again

nakoc.eH nasty .t f. nastiness

nanap noisy, naughty :m I be
noisy, naughty

naseorpa@ paleographer
paleography

ja

|
|
|
|
|
|
|

a

|
|
|
|

napTep

ouexysa I expect, wait for :me
expectation

oun pl. of oxo

oumrseyenH apparent, obvious

ounna pl. tant. glasses

ouys stepfather

OUIO, Oita

mnie e
AMS,

OTHUION, v.

- (na) omrro (special form of urro

with wa)

nasmm I burn

nasre dim. of nasro overcoat,
coat

nametu I remember, keep in
mind

namrusBekx, ox — forever, from
the beginning of time

namy.k cotton .uen of cotton

nanaryp fair

flaHuma clay plate

Ilauxo (m. name)

IIAO (uao) npormspasnoncKa
on0pana

nanpa/nanpatra fern

nancan bent from exhaustion,
near collapse

tiapa I rip, unravel

napaj.a parade .ex (adj.)

napasit parasite

napsBeHi parvenu

nmapyOH excuse me!

mapy I pair, mate

napu pl. money, dim. napwukn

napoOsa password; slogan

mapox parish

aptTaw.aB ragged
woman, beggar

naptep ground floor

parade

Ka ragged

245

mlapTueH

maptTu.en, .jua (adj.) party, hav-
ing qualities expected of the
(communist) party

Mmantrm.en (am) partv-memb
ane See weewsy qe jaqrsy MeL vy £220

i, e€. communist)

naprinséa -Ka partizan

nmaptTuija political party

mapTucknu party, belonging to
the (communist) party

a

-muuita, coll. vie) road,
sanem traveller :exa
ath, little path; long narrow

saa sem on the way, by the
way :eH (adj.) road sex Batt
(in hair)

natu I suffers

mat.amK traveller .onmc trave-
logue, travel-book .onmcen
writer of travel books

natTpHujapumyja patriarchate

natTplinnj patrician

naryspa I travel, journey

maken (adj.) cleanly

naymKa snowflake

nannéut patient

nanm@ucr pacifist

lreauy :Ka singer, person who
sings

meB.eli .muja Singer, professional
singer; poet(ess)

ne (arouiKy pedagogical

teyenca T become customary

nmeyecer 50
een /neaxu, 13.12) s

ane / =U+iG;

NN“
ii jcax 1 ae

nejymt thick velvet
neu.a foam .muB foamy
/

Teterrser

menenmuniwa snow-storm: ash-
tray
nenepyra butterfly, ae

aum narch

Tranns
aa AU SES pos VLLiL ent

prar

nepxys down, feather

nepe I (17.2) wash, launder

nepue T hit har

nepHuya pillow

nepo (pl. nepa) pen

nepo (mepje, mepia) feather

nepyuura wild iris

nepue little feather; hair, lock

nee (mmm) dog

necju dog’s, canine

necjuenn son-of-a-bitch

nrecumMHi3zam pessimism

wiecH.a song, poem
-MuknH poet’s

mecox m./f. sand :muB sandy

liecoueH sandy

ner five

meren rooster

neresKxa stem (of fruit, etc)

neTnuna heel

nmetka the numeral 5; as mark
in school — excellent; as

mark in university

university

weTKaTeH five-story

WK poet

= failure

D
2
e
Sc
0Q°
Oo
wm
2
<.
>
9
——!

neToweTKa —= neTrToMUren mWiaH
5-year plan

neropex five-fold, pele

netnatn five times

Ilerpopnen Day of St. Peter
and Paul, 12 July

Iletporpag Petrograd, St. Pe-
tersburg

mer-mect five or six ‘oTMHM
five or six hundred

neyan0a work away from na-
tive village (in another town
or country) :p worker who
goes on pecalba

neyan.u J earn .zuK earner

neuat stamp, press :en printing,
printer’s :m I print, stamp
‘Hua printing shop, press

neue I bake, roast, cook; brew
(coffee) (17.312)

neun (dial.) == meue :BO bakery
goods

nmeuKa stove

nem (adv.) on foot

nemnnk big flattish loaf of
bread

nustiuja (dish made of bits of
pork in aspic)

nue I drink

muéca play

mu3mMa enmity

mjapiya leec

mnMjauka beverages

nue chick, bird (frequent as
term of endearment) :nue
(dim.) :umo chicken (meat)

mm0H pawh ,

nmonép pioneer (member of
youth group, age 6—12)

munep/:ka dim. s4e (red, green)
pepper

nunka feeler

‘
A A |

T1aiJIMB

nucas, nucan (dial.) = nmap,
nna

nucan painted, with pictures

mucaten writer

mumucmenocrt f. literature, liter-
ateness

nucmenye note

nucmo letter, writing

aucune T squeak, squeal

mucok squeak, faint cry

_mnuta I beg

nume I (but may be T in past
forms) write

nuutrn I squeal

nuiron pistol

nnuurysa I write

nyasn I wash wool

nuagH.e/.wHa noon

muakuHe I wash

nmameu (pl. -ra, coll. -re)
flame, fire :en, :a flaming,
flame-colored; dim. :ye small

flame

nuaamue T flare, flame

nian (-opn) plan: plane, level

nyiaHuna (coll. -me) mountain

nuacupa I/T place

mgiacje Vv. wwaacr

ngacne T slap, hit with some-
thing soft: blurt out some-
thing stupid
naact (-opn/nmrac
hay: layer

nuactu I pile up (in layers)

nuavt.a pay, salary .w T pay

maka pay, salary

nuaxo shyly, timidly

nuaue I (10.16) cry, weep

miau weep :Ko m. cry-baby :mB
tearful

nuaw.nu I frightened .mmB shy,
easily frightened

je) mound of

247

TWIeBHAa

‘meBHa feed-barn
mmeBpuTne pleuritis
rimeoajé plea (in court)

TIleH.UK prisoner of war .cTBO

captivity

Tama (1°7 217) hr aid

rt lr knit
abvaU Ee [Li ovtsy VL UM, Hilt

nuweT.uBo material for knitting
or braiding .xa knitting pat-
tern I knit in, interweave

nineK.ecr broad-shouldered .u
pl. tant. back

nyemma shoulder-blade

THB.a [ float, swim .au swim-
mer .ey Swimmer: float

rym (-oBm) blister

nyumko envelope

numcKka I splash

wmrTKoyMenH shallow-minded,
silly

nmgmroK shallow

nzoBpu I float :a6a navigation

naonx fruit :opogen fruitful

nor fence

nxowT f. hollow

muowrax (town) square

nsiye I spit

nwyK.a I we T spit

uuyexa I blister

miurycKa blister :sem blister,
callous, wart

TpauKka booty

Wpaukoc.ypa I .a plunder,
pillage

mHeyMa pheum :TuKa pneuma-
tics

imeyMoHyja pneumonia

no (prep.) after, according to,
on ‘along ( (4 214) ,

Wats on ay]

(

aes oO OAt
(comparative prefix, 4.471,

m aq A
T seek, request, demand

rn i a rr re re i er a

noGerne T run away, flee
no6ey.a victory .amuKu victori-
ous .oHoceH victorious

ale harnm
aie, Wee Vis

urhit to
VV ssi LO

asten, hurry up
puff of wind

ua I wm T command
(imperative noBesm/moBe-
*please’) .6a command

Mer ene sein ny

=
©
w
©
g
iio 5
5
o
©
bp
o
ler)
eh
—
jsb]
4
er
oO
jab]
Qu
ta
Kh
©
ar

nosecrT f.

moBeke more

nogne T tie

nopuKa T call

noBpuactu T empower

nogseuen drawn back

NMOoBospacreH, -2cHa somewhat
grown up

nogoj bandage

nmogosen pleasing, suitable, con-
venient

noBp3se T connect, bind to

noppin.eH superficial .wHa sur-
face .Hocr f. superficiality

7

nogTop.u T .yBa I repeat; con-
finue .Ho again, repeatedly

morafa I guess, solve, hit the
target

noruSen —= nornGem dark of the
moon

peniins)

norney look, sight :a/:nyBa I
He T look at, view for a
moment

rornywscn T concer worry

mrorpwmN i concern, worry
about

norpu.n T .yBa I hellenize

rr. tTr (prep \ mannan Janl acess tA 1 RAN

HOA (Préep.; UNGET, oeid (4.010)

TIOe€¢HTa

noy- (prefix) under, sub-; a
little bit

7

noxwaHMwuku servile
nomapok gift

trum

TTWATYAmMc rr y
m UCALUIII,

nmoyzaTe

mation
nox0us mocking, sarcastic smile
mocking, sarcastic, deri-

niana. af infor-
piece CL inter

CH
sive

noyz0u.sa I .e T ce swear at,
mock, tease

noxOyy.a impulse, impetus, en-
couragement .ysa I .m T urge
on, encourage

nozGyuHyBa I instigate, stimu-
late, encourage :4 instigator

nozsu.za I .e T bind under, tie

noxsurKka T curl down, bend
down, under

noypue.KyBa I we T (17.312)
underline, pull under

noyBp3e T tie under

noyzrorsu T prepare

nogreresKa preparation

nozrpoOasu I bend over

nozrp6en bent

HOArpuSHYBA

nouagane T (17.316) put under

‘ Nonwen0a division
noyetaseH n

noq3amMncsm
moment

noy3srniaBuya pillow

nmoa3em.a I .e T (17.321) pick up

noyq3em.eH underground .je
underground

noy3sunat partly open (usually
of mouth)

noxsuzeK small
a higher wali

consider for a

wall supporting

|

nmoyqsupHysga [ peer out from
under

enslave
nonaserHe

Pets’ SAN —

T he subiect to.

be sub ject to,
succumb to, fall victim to

nmoysem rascal, villain, evil man

moqoeweH subject to

nmoymauka T grease

noymMerT subject

noyMoueH subversive,
mining

nogqHaBeye T (17.316) bend over
a bit

noywHaKxammna T cough a bit

noqHamectu ce T get setiled a
bit

nownacynm T dry (a bit) ©

noyoxpacre T (17.320) raise a
bit, cause to grow a bit

nonzox villainous, low

noypauje region

noxpean I regulate

nogpeye T (17.312) say
(secretly, not completely)

noxypunn.e T .yBa I jump a
little, hop

detailed .nocr f.

under-

A, Apvvel

detail
nompxau T hold for a while
woxpmika support, aid

nony.Ba I .e T blow

noxynnamn T frighten
what

nogzyuysa I coach

noe I sing (in church. Russ.
Church Slav. word)

noesnuja poetry

noezpawe (dial.) up-bringing,

deportment

trainin ent

§;
point, meaning,

n
noéutra crux

Toe TUUeH

moeT.wieH poetic .cku poet’s,

nomana T complain

noxmap fire, conflagration

nomusu T give life to

nowpTgospan sacrificed, having
sacrificed :ocr f. dedication,
devotion

no3saBnuge T envy

nozanpe T (17.1) halt

mrozactane T stop for a moment

no3BoryBa I allow

no3yqpas greeting :en (adj.) :m T
:yBa I greet

no3Hapa I know, be acquainted
with :4 connoisseur

nosHae T recognize

O3HaH.Me recognition .“K
acquaintance .cTBo acquain-
tance

no3Hat known, well-known,
familiar

nou I give to drink

nourpa T start to dance

roum concept

mojaB.a appearance, phenome-
non . T .ysa I appear

nojage T (17.316) eat

mojanok breakfast

nojata hut

uojge T (17.323) set out, go:
come

mokae ce T repent, be sorry

woKkaxe T show

nokann T invite

noKapa T scold, reprimand —
ce quarrel

NOKJIOH DOW :H ce T bow

moKoze0a ce T hesitate, shake

woKojeHnue generation

woKkopeHu submissive, obedient

nokocu T mow

nmoKpanua region

290

mokpaj (prep.) next to (4.307)

MlokpeT march (military term)
:oT the Partizan movement

nokpue roof

nokpu.Ba I .e

nmokpur.au/.Ka covering
blanket

nokpoye slowly, gently

nokyKumHa household furnish-
ings

nox half: sex: pole

noza half: (one of two)
section(s): shirt

nonzara T lay, place, depend:
take (examination)

nona3u T start to crawl
(SC-leave, start out)

nonacka T flatter

none field; flat lands (not
mountains)

noneka slowly, easily

nozemuuku polemic

mozecoK roof

noneyKa slowly

nomKaB snail

nou3a use, advantage

nom3zyBa I use, make use of

nomutu.Ka policy; politics sap
politician .axu political

nommya shelf

nosmunja police

nomuye little shelf

nomjak field guard

VIonja.K .uKa Pole

nomjan.ey (-m1) .Ka native of
villages in valley

nok regiment :opnauk colonel
:opoyen, leader of troops

nom full . I fill

nouwHoeT.cH of age .nnuK (legal-
ly) adult .crno majority

noWHOMOWMH.uK plenipotentiary
.o fully empowéred

nonmHoK f. midnight
TIOJIOB SEX, sexual
noxospnua half
nouzox.6a situation .m T lay
down, place
nouomKu of Honor (region in
NW Mac.)

Pet easy

Nonexa Poland

noszy- (used in poreounee):
semi-

nlosyrnuacen in a half-voice

noxyroyue period of 6 months

nozy3arBopex half-closed

nonwyuyzon semi-idol

nouykpyr semicircle

noxyHeranen semi-legal

nosymecer half-month

nomyocrpos peninsula

nomxycakatT semi-crippled

nonyypuar half-ruined ~

nowKa polka ,

tmromara [my] I help

noma3snun T pet, caress

nomasky somewhat less

nomery between, among
(= mefy, 4.307)

momectyBa I place, put in place

TOMMY], rocnoyM nomustyj (for-
mula) Lord, have mercy!

ae :yBauka harmony, mu-
tual understanding

nommuue T pass by
nomupu T pacify, quiet; — ce
be reconciled

nomues.a thought .1 T think a
little

nromun | pe nee mention

nomorne T [my] help

TlIomo7Ke T == nomorne, n0M03n
Bor — bor ™ BOs (for-
mula; greeting) God help you!

nomom f. help, aid :ea auxiliary
‘aux helper (with another

TTopaHelieH

noun ==) vice (e. g. momomi-
HMK MMHMCTap vice-minister)
sHuya helper

nompaun T darken

nonaz.a gift, offering .u T give
a gift

novatam.y from then (there) on,
subsequently .omren subse-
quent

none xe IHMK Monday

‘ WoHeKaye in some places

moHeKkoramul sometimes

mouec.e T (17.319) .yBa I carry,
bear, carry away

nonyy.a bid, offer m T bid,
offer

nooyywesHo separately

moouaka further

nonara T fall

‘nronapu T scald

nonee T (start to) sing

nonzaBa flood

nonunayHe (adv.) afternoon :BexH
(adj.) afternoon

nonsaye T (10.16) weep, com-
plain

nononuyBa I complete, fill

nonocne afterward, somewhat
later

nonpas.a I .1 T better, improve,
correct, — ce (health)
improve

nonpaska correction,

niompar (-3u) broad sash

nonpa.tu T .Ka I send

onnpama T ask, enquire of

nomyero in vain, uselessly

nonyuiru T give up; recede, fall

nopadu T hem

nopayu on account of, for

nopasyOapen become beautiful

mopaka recommendation

nopaHeimien preceding, earlier

251

THAIN OIFa|
duVadia

nopau.a T .ysa I order .ka order
nopeyx0.a comparison .eH com-
parative

cloudburst, flash flood

nopra gate (to courty

noptpér portrait

nopyra T curse, -shame

nopyuek (adv.) in the af

nopyunnk lieutenant

nmocatKa household pots and
pans

nocBpmien engaged, betrothed

noceden special, separate

nocern.e T .yga I grasp, lay
hands on

noceya visit

nocen fast, lenten

mocecTpuma adopted sister

nocetu T visit

nocunu T adopt a son
oeckpmuiem secretly

nocuaH spread out (cf. mocrese)

nocue (adv.) after (often used
as prep., instead of no)

liCCjeBOeHeH, -CeHa post-war

nocuey.eH last .wya result

nocuoBuya proverb

HOcciyMaBHnK tray

necnymw.nu T .yBpa I serve — ce

@
3
rs
3
3
5

nocnuyuien obedient
nmocmaTpay observer, witness
nocmee T laugh, joke

T get somewhat

TFOHORTTATITA ca
LV UNEASE PSE YY

reconciled
iecHuk one who fasts
nocoppeme while there’s yet
time, in time

202

re er rR ES A a a er ere

nocoun I indicate, point out
nocpamysa ce I be ashamed

nocTtap.u T .yBa I pose

noctanu T act, conduct self
ete ont ads

MOcTaiKa COMaUCT

mocTena bed
noctene T (17.2) spread out, set

nocTrenen gradual
nocmm I fast

;
OOmanTo T TAN 4 1
IICCTHIHEe i I each, attain

r 2

nocTon I exist

nocTojan constant

noctpaxa T suffer

ocpamen ashamed

nor f. sweat

motaew concealed

noraxa/noramy further

norem then

noTemHu T become dark

noreye T (17.312) flow; swell

notucue T suppress, press

norKactpeH trimmed

notKaum T make climb a bit

noTKneKHe T kneel a little bit:
give in

noTKoBa horseshoe

nmorTKos.a I .e T shoe (horse,
mule)

noTKpesBa I noTKpene T lift a bit

ehartan a hit
) ; Vi

amercaor ‘ri e
Moi SNOrvern a L

noTKyc
noroa then

T fall under
bit from

noTnazHe

:
a’ Q
notTueByuyspa I sing a

time to time
noTnmpay support
nOTHONKOBHUK It. colonel
noTnonH complete

lmpaTeHuk

notTnopyuanuk 2nd lieutenant

normpe T (17.1) support; bar

mormpercenaresn vice-president

notpae T last, continue

Horpe6.a need .eH necessary,
needed

noTpenepysBa I shudder

noTpoa a little bit

NOTpowyBaY consumer

norpua T run

morcBeceH subconscious

nrorcern T norcekaga I remind,
remember a bit

nmorceye T (17.312) out a bit,
undercut

fotensyBa I strengthen, inten-
sify |

notennat bluish

nmotemes miid ridicule .a I .ne
T ridicule mildly, smile a bit;
sneer

nloTecmeulunB sarcastic, taunting

nlorcpamysa I be a bit ashamed

notcras.a lining .1 T line; place
under

wotcrane T stand up a bit, raise
up a bit, start to stand up

norerpek support, encourage-

nordaka IJ stutter

not@pan T throw under, add

froorunnnu T subordinate

nokepka step-daughter: foster-
daughter

moyka lesson, moral

nodan6a praise: threat, boast

tlodpatu T grasp

TlOXO}, ne ee

To Xp. =
noypuHn T blacken
mousa soil

noyueka T wait (a bit)

mouec.ew honorary .r f. honor,
being honored

nouectu cuatko T serve the
sweet (customary when guest
comes)

mouweToK beginning

nounu.e T rest: die .Ka/.ox rest

NounT cre ne awe

noun.e T .yspa I begin

nmouysctsysa [ feel

nouyan T amaze

nowyKa T knock

mowre I (13.11) catch fleas

momrena mercy

nmowrosawmro very cheaply, at
any price

upas m./f. dust

upas right, just .aa justice

mpagey direction

mpasu I make, do

mpagu.nmenw correct, regular .ua
(coll. -re) right, justness

mpaBoaronmnnK quadrilateral,

mpaBonne orthography, spelling

lpanocuapenw orthodox

WpaBoyrouwHuk — npaBoarouHHk

mpar threshold, sill

mpaz leek

mpa3.eH empty .Hu J empty .ank
holiday; «wun (adj.) oTuja
emptiness

mpaj(re) (dial.) =
BUTe, MpaBeTe

mpakTu.Ka practice, practical
application .«kysa I practise,
apply .4euH practical .aHocT
f. practicality

Ipamen (Serbian!) ==

mpaHru pl. fetters

mpacue T burst, pop, explode

npar (-opn, coll. mpake)
switch, twig

mpaTeuuk envoy, representative

mpaBn, mpa-

mepuniba

253

Tip
Tperopop negotiation,

matyw
She

are

nmpatu T send

npaTKa shipment, thing sent
(package, letter, etc)

npaka slingshot

mpaka I send

mpamia T/I ask, question

mpauia.nenH (adj.) question(ing)
tHe question, problem

mpamen dusty

mpanm I hoe i

mpaumua dust, dustiness

mpauryBa I ask

mpB(u) first (2.94)

npspuue (first family gathering
of the bridal pair and the
groom’s family, some days
after the wedding)

nps.ka I we T fly, whirr

upBnat for the first time

mppyt dandruff

npras lively, quick, excitable

mpe- (prefix indicating high
degree; absolute superlative,
cf. 2.248)

mpeOaba great-grandmother

npeOneqHe T pale, become pale

npeOmuKnat completely full,
too full

mpeOor.a remedy, recovery .
T get over (sickness)

mpespenysa I translate :me
translating

npesoy translation :au transla-
tor :en (adj.) translated, tran-
slation
erne T hitch

conver-
sation

nperpHyBa I embrace

Hperpad embrace

mperpay embrace

perpaya division

mpey (adv., prep.) before, in

i)

54

front of (4.316) — ya (conj.)
before
mpenasa I lecture, teach: betray
>a lecturer :me lecture
mpeyasB.nuxk traitor .zwuxy trai-
torous .crgo treason
mpeyaye T (17.316) betray;
hand over, transfer
mpeyauue tradition

mpeyBuy provision, prevision,
account, consideration — se-

ma I take into account

HpewzBuysMB provident, foresee-
ing

lpeyBoyHuK leader

npeyBpeme (adv.) prematurely

mpeyropop preface

mpeyrpague suburb

mpeye I (17.316) spin

mpeneyo (-opnu) m. great-
grandfather, pl. ancestors

mpeyen foreward, former

mpeyussuKa T call forth, cause,
result in

mpeyumen principal, foremost,
superior

mpeyumerso advantage,
superiority

wpeanor (-3u) proposition, pro-
posal; preposition

mpeysomu T propose, present

nmpeamer object

mpewoK ancestor

Ipeypacyya prejudice

mpeypyuek (adv.) -in the
morning

upenycetysa I
hand, suspect

lipeqycuosp precondition

mpera thread

mpere/:exa somewhat previous-
ly, a while ago :men recent,
somewhat previous

sense before-

npexugee T live through,
experience

npewxuspemmya archaic feature,
archaism

lipexuBysa I experience, live
through

lipexkuBeH experienced

npesem.a I .e T (17.321) take
over, assume, undertake

npekana fon] T be overioaded
[ with ]

mpekap nickname

apexun.e T .ypa I cut short,
break, interrupt

npekues weakling

mpekpatn T shorten, cut short

WpeKPMBKAa Cover, covering

pekpuiok crime, offense

mpeky (prep.) across, over

17)

lipekyMepeH excessive, super-
fluous

lipeKyMopcKM oversea

lpekypey (adv.) ahead of time,
out of order

npekycuaa (adv.) scarcely, with
difficulty

wpekytpyna cross-country, not
by the road

npenemu T get over (sickness)

lipese3s opening in fence where
one can cross over

npemenu T .ypa I ce change
clothes

mpemectu T move

mpemuune T cross

lIpemubyBawe passing, crossing

npemucnuu T think over, consi-
der

mpeoOpas.u T .ysa
form, transfigure

lipeoOpasyBare reformation,

reshaping, transfiguration

I reshape,

lpereuyupa

‘Iipeoy transition :en transition-

al, transitive *
npeofa I change, go over to
npeop.a/.e I plow over
mpeocran.e T .yga I be

over, remain

npennua I trip; — ce stumble
mpenue copy

left

vv

mpenmuryBay copier, copyist

npennamien terrified

mpenne T trip; make stumble

npenoma completely full, too

full
mpenonmuer completely filled,
overflowing

mpenopaka recommendation

mpenopau.a T .yRpa I recom-
mend, register (letter)

penpexka obstacle, hindrance

nmpepanu T feed

mpepoy0.a rebirth, renaissance
.eHnk leader in cultural revi-
val

mpepoynu ce T be reborn

mpecBucuat exhausted

mpecerne ce T reach out and
grasp; stretch out hand for

pecen0a migration

npeceye T (17.312) out off,
interrupt

mpecneye (17.312) change
clothes ,

mpecHek unleavened bread

mpecpetHe T meet

mpectane T cease, stop

mpecran.u T transgress
transgressor

npectusmka apron

mpectpammu ce T get over fear

nmpecyza judgment

lipeTesKoK, -nIKa extremely
heavy

mpetenyupa I/T pretend, claim

-HUK

200

MmIpereH3utja

petren3uja pretension, claim
mpetreua m. forerunner
mpeTna3iusB cautious
ipetnaagHe in the morning
ipetumata subscription

nhnanrnnanrara T acciima
aAApwu SB AAVUIACAL CA i Avvo UsssLe

mpernocraBkKa assumption
npeTnpnemat contractor
Hpetnpujatue firm, business
undertaking
upetpecysa I search
percegzaren president
mupercodje anteroom
mpercraB.a presentatioyr~per-
formance .Ka petition
mperctran.un T .ysa I present,
request .HHK representative
.HMUITBO representation
mpeTxoy.eH preliminary .HMK
fore-runner, predecessor
npedaka I catch up with, pay
- back, return
npedpm.a I wa T throw over,
throw: from one place to
another
mpexpan.a food .6eH food .u T
feed

peyek reception, welcome :a

™ vanaiyv
4 receive,

mpeun [my] I hinder, obstruct,
bother

lipeuncr crystal clear,
extremely clean

mpeuka hindrance, obstacle

upanu I ia

welcome

ene tebra: weight on a
“spindle

mpu (prep.) near, in the pre-
sence of, at the time of (4.318)

mpnoepe T (17.2) take in; — ce
collect self, get hold of self,

go home

256

lpuspe

npnHoupa I collect; —
home

npHoOmMxK.eH approximate .nocr
jf. approximate vicinity, ap-
proximativeness

npuovar half. brother

prmuvupar LIGiIL=VLULILT
nmpnopexje region alee the
bank, shore

ce go

HpuBuser.uja privilege
privileged
mpugie.KyBa I «we T (17.312)
attract: adduce

nmpHBjeyen attractive

upuBora [my] I come up to

IpHBpemewH temporary

Wpuepwen adherent, devoted
:mK devotee, follower :ocr fi.
adherence, devotion

npHep3ah — npKepxKern

npuyasen choked

mpuyaB.Ka adjective .cxu adjec-
tival

mpuyonec contribution :e T
(17.319) :ypa I contribute

npynypmn T (10.11) hold to,
adhere

mpHuypyxysa | join

upuaymen smothered

mpuem reception :en receiving
samp acceptable :Ha guest-
room

mpusByK accompanying sound

mpu3Ha.spa I .e T admit, recog-
nize .k characteristic, mark

nposopu/npu 3opu at dawn

mpu3pak phantom

T (17.1) glimpse

mpujaren friend :xa f. friend
:ckn friendly :crso friend-
ship

nupujge T (17.323) come, arrive

tipuKax.e T (10.161) .yBa I tell

a story; — ce chat
tipuKazs book-review; — npu-
KasHa

npuKka3Ha/upuKacka story, tale

npuKBeyep toward evening, in
the early evening or late
afternoon —

mipuksekuat kneeling

ipuKuyyuen included, addition-
al

npuKkayun T include, join

puKxopan nailed, riveted

puKpaj at the edge, end :Ka
end, last part

mpuKpenn T reinforce

mpuxpue T hide

npusnera I resembie: be right,
fitting

npunenuanen (-um) native of
Iipunen (city, central Mac.)

npuno.r adverb .wmKwu adverbial

tpum.a I wm T receive, take,
- take on

mpuKazan talked about

mipumen.a use, application .er
applied

lipumeru (Serbian!) = s3a0e-
eK

mpumopa T force

npumopje littoral, shore

mpunec.e T (17.319) .yBa I bring

nupnuuyyn T offer

npunyn“n principle

npuora I find

npunayHuK adherent

npwnayHnuas epileptic

npunara I belong

npuna3su [Ha] T watch out for,
look after

mpymue T jump, start

nmpunomiysa I remind, remem-
ber :

17 Macedonian grammar

Tpuxoy

npunpema I make preparations.
get ready

npupacr (additional) growth

mpupayen (adj.) hand, handy,
convenient

mpupoya nature

npupox predicate

mpucson T (10.12) acquire

nmpucectrpa half-sister

upuceru ce T mpuceKaBa ce I
remember

mpuesryuKysa I listen

mpucmes half-smile

upucoGepe T (17.2) collect, ga-
ther together

npucoeyqnHyBawe unification,
joining

lipiucoj sunny side

nmpucnocobu T adapt

upucran/:murre harbor :oK
agreement, assent

mpucranysa I agree

mpuctan access T :ysBa |
approach, come up to

lipucrpactreH, mpucrpacnHa non-
objective, tendentious

mpucrpacren, mpucrpacrena
given over to, devoted to

HPUCyCcTB.o presence .yBa I be
present

npucyt.eH present .Hocr f. pre-
sence

nuputanu T .jyBa I conceal

npurusyuysa I silence, hold
back

uputrucue T press (together,
against), tighten

npuroa at the same time, in
addition

nputrpu.a T .ypa I run up to,
come running

puke dowry

nupuxoy income, profit

207

npwinHyBa

HpwunH.yBa I cause .ckm causal

mpumenHe T whisper to

mpumr pimple

mpue little donkey, donkey colt

HpHap scrub forest

mpoOmea I penetrate, smash
through, push through

pooOsnem problem

mposaryBa I surge forth, roll
out

nposBeyysBa I spend (time)

nposugenme providence

mposuKa T start to shout

NpopunmMmanen provincial

npopupa T mpospe I pull
through

Hposptru T bore through

mporoncTBo persection,
persecuted

npoyasay/:Ka seller

npoyaye T (17.316) sell

Hpoyamba sale

HpoyouwK.eHnue continuation,
extension .u T .ysa I continue

mpoex.t project .umja projection

npo3b0p.un T .ysa I (start to)
speak

nposmuspa I mposose T call by
name

mpo3zo0p.ey window; dim. .ue

mpo3spauen transparent

imposega ce I yawn

mposeBka yawn

mposup.a I look through, see
through
transparently

mpospe T look through,
through

mpou3zBexzysBa I produce

ipowu3Box product, produce
‘“rea producer :ecrBen (adj.)
production .ecrso production

npou3BomeH arbitrary

being

-ka peep-hole .no

see

258

eee Ee Eee

npousnese T emerge

mpojaBa appearance: speech,
assertion, declaration

mpokune T pierce

Ipokuer damned, cursed :nux
cursed one

mpokomentupa T comment
(thoroughly) on

mpexonca T be good, have value

npokoncan diligent, good, hard-
working, fine (person)

nmponer f. spring :en spring

mponerép proletarian

npomeu.u T .ypa I change,
change clothes .amup variable.
changeable

mpomer traffic, turnover

mpompmope T start to murmur

mpowajyox discovery

mponece T pass on, carry on
further

mponioxe T pass on

WpoHmKaH pierced, permeated

nmpoumkuysBa I permeate

mpoox.m T .yBa I begin to walk

mponaranya propaganda

nponagu T drive out, expel

IrponayuHe T be lost, perish: fail

muponosex f. sermon :a/:ysa I
preach :HmK preacher

Hporycurnma pass

mponycr omission

mpocset.a education .ew educa-
tional .1 T .yBa I educate,
enlighten .wrex educator

mpocjak beggar

npoczap.u T .yga I celebrate

mpocou3su ce T start to weep

ipociiepurér prosperity

mpocr simple; uneducated: free

mpocru T forgive

mpocrupa I spread out

pocroyxzyul.en simple-minded,
naive .wecr f. simplicity,
naiveness ;

mpocTrop space, room

npocTpanHcrRee space, room, open
ppace

Tpexysa I shoot through

npocrpyn T (begin to) course,
flow through

mpocrym (stand) erect

Hporerne 7 stretch :

mpoTus (prep.) against (4.2) -

mpoTnusKyarypern anti-cultural

npoTuBnomapen fire-prevention

npoTuBnonomunocr f. opposition,
oppositeness

nmpotTupnocras.u T .ypa I con-
trast; — ce object to

upotiBpeu.n I contradict .en
contradictory .HocT f. contra-
diction

ipoTHBcTaByBare contrast

npotue T pull through

nporoun ce T flow by

mporpue T rub

mporyfep village town-crier

npoyuysa I study thoroughly

ipod. == mpodecop

npodpecop professor; high-
school teacher

nponsetra T bloom

nponeyu T strain through:
speak with clenched teeth

nipowec process: trial

uponyt flowering, prime

npoxyrTn T bloom

nmpounra T read (through)

Wpouxa festival at beginning of
Lent. Young people ask for-
giveness of parents for all

transgressions of year.

17*

Es a4p yeu

ITMOWIKU

pomrasa I forgive (imperative
= farewell)

lipomiteme forgiveness

mpcne T pop, explode, shatter,
splash

uper (uperm) finger :en (coil.
-ie) ring

(railroad) tracks, line

np. Xp. = npex Xpnera B. C.

WMNnwnNs

‘pun ce I stand rigidly: be

extremely conceite

-HTu.ya bird .uju bird’s

nyze dwarf

myk bang, shot, pop :a
burst, explode, shoot off,
(miserably)

yuu ce I look at, see

nynn T bud

ynka bud

nype(s)a dust, cloud of dust

nypjak dirty, poor man

nycr empty, deserted: uscless:
unfortunate; damned: big
‘enuja m. poor man (pej.)
‘mua desert: damned thing
smHcKku (adj.) desert

ncantup psalter

myuima rifle

nynit.a I .u T let go, release,
let go down

nyana I sing psalms:
with moral talk

mom pl. of mec

nuuurre dog (pej.), cur

nuyosBica T die (of animal)

nuoctu pl. tant. curses

wienu.ya wheat .weH wheaten

muyenka Indian corn, maize :pen
corm, maize

myomkn dog’s (pej.), cur’s

annoy

259

p. = pexa

naam noaaro rest aiiwaAt

Pear VeEeare, iC by ULTL

pad seam .u I seam

padora (coll. -Ke) work, thing,
affair

patoru I work

padoruu.K worker .axnu worker’s
UKO-césiceku workers’ and
peasants’ .mrso workers,
working class

padoroyaBey, employer

papenxa level spot

paBHO- Vv. pamHo-

paquym radium

payuye radius

payosumKku of, from Pazosnm
(town S Mac.)

payoc.en joyous .r f. joy,
gladness

pagypa I rejoice; — ce be glad

para bear, give birth

pasOera ce T run in all direc-
tions, disperse (running)

pasOepe T (17.2) understand,
comprehend

pa36ecnert infuriated

pa30u.Ba I .e T break, destroy

pa30upa I understand :me com-
prehension, understanding,
sympathy

pa30upsme comprehensible

pa36o0j loom

pa300mm T fall sick

pazopa 9)
poersrvpe v.

pas6yun T waken

pa3s6yuen aroused, noisy
passpeye T separate, divorce
passeypu T brighten, clear up
passu.pa I .e T develop

pa3sBuBarwe development

na nhana
porvyvrypr

260

a]

eee ee
.

passpurop warm early spring
sins
Wil

paspuxa ce T start to shout,
shout loudly

Remmaw data +

PaSBUTOK GeV elopment

passpyeye T (17.312) pull out,

extend

a3sBneyeH prolonged

a3B0.eH .jHa development(al)
.j development

pasryen.a T .ypa I look over,
examine, inspect

pa3rogpapa I converse

mM“

SS

pasropop conversation wm T
converse

pasronzen bared, naked

pasromxKenH teeming

pasropen heated up, carried

away by emotion

pa3qBuxkyBawe shifting, dislo-
cation

pa3yen6a separation, division

pasyeu.m T .ysga I ce dawn,
daylight comes

pasyzne.4 T .jysa I separate, di-
vide in two ,

paseynuer divided, disunited

pa3xannu T sadden, make
sorrowful

pa33enenu ce T become green

pas3seme T take (from all sides)

pa3300a T peck up, eat up

pasurpa ce T start to dance

pasjayen embittered, annoyed

pa3japen infuriated

pasnagu T cool off

pasmm.xysBa I differ, distinguish
4eH different, various

pa3szmun T adorn

pasnomku of, from Pasnor
(town in Pirin Macedonia)

pasmaB Swing :He T wave about,
gesticulate in all directions

pa3mMena exchange

pa3Mep measure, scale

pa3muue T pass, overtake

pa3mMucayBa I consider,
over

pasmoscka T pulverize

pa3HexysBa I make tender,
affectionate

pasHepBupaH upset, nervous

pa3Hece T (17.319) spread about,
carry in various directions,
distribute

pasHmia I rock, shake

pa3Hornacnoct f. difference of
opinion, disagreement

pa3HocTpaH varied, many-
faceted

pasHocyga I distribute, carry
around

pazouapa T disappoint, disillu-
sion

pasouapanocr f. disappointment,
disillusionment

paspen class

pasyOeyn T dis-convince; cause
to change opinion

paj paradise

pax (-oBu) crawfish, crab

think

paka (pl. paye) hand, arm
:B/:Buyja sleeve :TKa armful
(dim.)

paku.ja brandy, dim. pakuya

pakmuKa dim. of paka

pakosBoy.u I lead, direct, man-
age .uren director, manager,
leader .crso management, di-
rection

pakorme manuscript :en (adj.)
manuscript

pacKocTu

paxysa ce I shake hands

pano pair

pamen level, even, equal

pamennuyu shoulders

pamxa frame, pl. framework

pamu.u I level, make even .mHa
plain, level spot

pamnoxyumen indifferent

-pamHomepen equivalent, equal

pamHonpagen equal, having
equal rights .woct f. equality,
equality of rights

pamuoctpanu equilateral

pamuotexa balance, equilib-
rium

pamo/pameno pl.
Mennuum shoulder

pan (adj.) early

pana wound, injury

panennye fosterchild

pauu I wound

panuya knapsack

pano early, too early

pacay seedling (for transplant-
ing) .m T transplant

paco priest’s robe

pacsupu T play; whistle

paceyna T unsaddle

pacemm T re-settle, cause to
change place of dwelling

paceye of (17-912) cut open, In
pieces

pacnun.a I .e T spoil, pour out,
waste

packame T (10.161) narr

packamysBa narrator

packa3 narration, story

packauina T cough

packBacn T wet, dampen

packuue T tear to bits

packona T dig up

packoctu T smash, break to
pieces

pamerma/pa-

ate, tell

261

packpywnka T unmask

packpcHuma cross-roads

pacnzaOu T weaken

paconeTt awake,

paconn T waken

pacnafa I disintegrate, fall
apart

pacnas.u T .ysa I ce catch fire,
flare up

pacnmake crossroads

pacnauie T unbelt

pacnuaakan tear-stained

pacnaayue T (10.16) burst into
tears

pacnoyzenda allotment,
bution

pacmpagBa account, report

pacnpas.a I .m T recount,
discourse, report

pacnpantysa I ask many
questions

pacnpeyen.6a allotment, divi-
sion .m T crack, divide up,
assign

pacnpoyasa T sell out

pacnyKa T crack, burst, break
open

paciysau ce T (dial.)
around

pacpan T anger

pacrasn T dissolve, disintegrate

pacrsopu T open, unfold;
dissolve

pacte

distri-

anale
OUR

wVswv FeV

plant, growth
pacrepa T disperse, drive away
pacrogap.a I .u T unload
pacrojaHne distance; Bo — oy
2 merpa 2 m. apart
pacronn T thaw out
pacrpen shot :a T shoot
pacrpenepn T’ shake, shiver
pactypu T disperse, scatter

262

SR A

eng

pacyye T untwist, unravel

pacqbaka I go from one job to
another

pac@paa I throw about, in var-
ious directions, away

pad@t shelves, shelving, book-
case

pacxoy expense, debit

pacuana T stamp about

pacusget.a T bloom, be in full
bloom

pacyennu T split (into small
pieces)

paciumka T begin to whimper

pacyytu T come into full bloom

pacuexopun T stand with feet
apart

pacuenka T pick over, clean out

pacuepeum T quarter, divide in
4 parts

pacueuta T scratch thoroughly
He T scratch

pacyemmma T comb thoroughly

pacunnnu T disintegrate, dissolve

pacunctu T clean out

pacunzenu T sprain, put out.of
joint, pull apart

pacuopzen tangled, in disorder

pacuye T hear by rumor

pacuyka T bang, knock

paye pl. of paka

panuonasnen rational.

pau.en (adj.) hand .Ka handle
-HuK type of pot with big

pameta T stroll (a lot)

pauin.ga I .e T rip up, unsew |

pauiipu T spread
extend

pammrpka T disperse

paurymnu T rustle (sound of for-
est or river)

ahraso
aproada,

peakijwonéep reactionary :eH
(adj.) reactionary

peG6po rib

pesgep lapel

pepuHoc.eH zealous, eager .T f.
zealousness

pesonynuonusupa ce I/T get in -
a revolutionary frame of

mind

pea order, row, turn, custom

pewaxtop editor

peau I enumerate, arrange in
order: bemoan

pewox, peTKa Spare, sparse

peaqym in order

pee ce I hover

pesunak shame

pesyarar result

pexe T cut

pesmuncép director (theater,
movie, etc.)

pese latch

pesmumé résumé

pe3ox, pecka shrill, sharp

pexka river

pexmama advertisement, publi-
city, signboard

pemek-yeno masterpiece

pemen (-me, -Ha) strap

peou region: ward (of city)

peca fringe

pecencxu of, from Pecen (town,
SW Mac.)

pecu I fray

pectagpupa I restore, renovate

pecropan restaurant

peTK- v. peqox

pecbepar report

pedepenutr official responsible
for a given division: one who
gives a report

Se a

a rr

poyzCcTBO

peanmre big river; dry river
bed; river (pej.)

pedbrextop spotlight

pewjen3.éuHt (book)reviewer .uja
(book)review

peu f. word

peye T (17.312) say, tell, speak

peyen river, fluvial

‘peyennia sentence

peuncn so to speak

- peutapa/pemryBa I decide, solve,

seek a solution :me delibera-
tion :mrr deciding, decisive

pemienne solution, answer

pemm T decide, solve :Trenen

pu6a fish :p fisherman

puoonos fishing

puy (-opu/-uurra) hill

pue I dig, burrow

pukue T bellow

punne T jump

punue dim. of puta

puc lynx

putam rhythm

putue T kick

purue dim. of pux

poo slave

pooOujam convict, prisoner

Po6Oun30H Robinson Crusoe

popka s3emja soft, infirm earth

posxko jajie soft-boiled egg

poranmmja patent-leather

poryxxa (also pory3uHa, pory3,
pyry3nua) straw-matting

pox (-opu/esn) race, family :ex
native, related, near and
dear; pogzen yen birthday :m
T give birth, — ce be born
‘Mrex parent :HmuHa relative

poyomyber patriot

poycrs.en related, kin .o rela-
tionship

263

poayM

ponzym by birth
pow6a child, young
po3za rose

nod Otr arm
poj swarih

rT (10.12)

pou ce I (10.12) swarm, teem

posxja role

ponn I dive: pour out (tears)

pon.cku slavish, slavelike .crBo
slavery, captivity

poceH dewy

pocu I bedew

podja thunder

pourra I rummage about

pyOa clothing yommu pyOn
under clothing

py6ma ruble

pyBo linen; clothing; dowry

pyxu/pyma I decorate, adorn

pymue baby (very young)

pymex pink

Pymyuuja Rumania

Pycnja Russia

Pycrnn (Pycn), Pyewaxa Russian

pyckn Russian

pyrn ce I collapse, fall down

c. = ceno

ca (3uMa, neTo, eceH, m0K) all
(cin Zi), note}

caan tin plate

caat hour, watch, clock Bo 5

aaror at 5 o’clock suuja mM.

yatch-maker

cadja sabre

cadota Saturday

aGoTrama sabotage

cay vessel, pot

CAJI (c’an’) Coexnuetu amepn-
KaHCKH Apmasbn USA

cane only

ee

264

pytuurre clothing, clothes
pyua I have dinner, dine
pyyek dinner, noon meal

aNA 3 FAAS ASAE OS

Wet erry, agotvrac<y

pyilin I destroy

"pROKBA swee

*pra rust

*pr.a I .oca T rust .ocan rusty,
rusted

"pa f. rye

*pwKannya stalk of rye (used to
tie sheaves etc.)

*pmeme growling: whinny

*pmu I growl, whinny

*psHysa I thunder

*pK.a I .we T snore

*pHKa nostril -

’pexa I squeak, crunch

*pekaBuna cartilage

*pexor happy noise, party,
racket

*pr greyhound, f. :xa, dim. ue

*pt.un T begin to sprout .yrue
first tiny sprout

Re

cagu I plant

catu pl. tant. soot

camen (a measure) ca. 6 feet

caja peasant women’s long
jacket

cajouja m. owner

caxa I like, desire, love: seek

cakyequcyBa ce I be nervcus,
uneasy, upset

cakjieT nervousness

cak’IMcyBa — cakuequcyBa

can (dial.) == camo

cana hall, auditorium

caJlo lard

cam self (cf. 2.81202)

camapnuja m. saddle-maker

camo only

camo only

CaMOBAacTne anarchy

camMorylacKka == BOKaza vowel

camoyejHoct f. independent
action

camoyapmapje autocracy

camoonpeyemm T self-determin

camoonpejen.enne/:yBame self-
determination

caMocTo.eH, .jHa independent,
self-reliant .jaocr f. indepen-
dent existence, self-reliance

camotnja loneliness, isolation —

camoyOn.en (-jum) suicide (per-
son) .erso suicide (deed) —

camoysepeu self-confident

camoyK self-educated man

camoyupasa self-management,
independent management

camMoyTEpnyBaiwre sSelf-affirm-
mation

campak (evening) twilight

canTumetap centimeter

caHgak box (with lid), chest

cama sled, sleigh

canyHuia soapsuds

capaj palace

capguca T surround, block off

capom drunkard, alcoholic

caTupruap satirist

cB. == cBeT(n)

cBagoa wedding

cpapu T cook: digest: find
cBaT m., cBaka f., coll. pl. cBa-

husband and vice versa: any-
Ane when talae nart tn are
UNE WIlIO tLaBeS Pall lll Wean-
ding

.
———— OO —— ee

cBaTOBCcKK svat’s, wedding
guest’s a

(0%. itness,,
testify .mrse witness, testi-.
mony

cBekop (pl. cBekpoBum) father
of husband

cBec.eH conscious, conscientious
.T f. consciousness: conscience

epeT light, world; people (2.122)

cBeT holy

cBeTell saint

Crera Topa Mt. Athos

cBeTH, cBeTa plus name Saint
(cf. 2.224)

cBetu I shine

cperka I flash, shine, gleam

cBeTKas light

cpets.una light, brightness .no~
cen bright, radiant .nocr f.
brightness, radiance

cBeTHaT shining, radiant

cserue T flash

cBeTon bright

cBeTpym with, like the wind

cBeTcKu world-

cBeka candle

cBeKkaBa I saint, make holy :“
sainted, holy ,

”

cBekKaTusaak holiness
cBeKap candle-maker
epeuen solemn :ocr f. solemn

occasion, festivity

4410

cBemrren inspired, inspiring :mK
oy

m mp

el em r
RLCLLIL, Pit b eL EADY LICL

o
cBiye ce [my]
be pleasing to

lA
H dear
cBue T bend, curve

265

cBMeH wrapped up, bandaged
cBujoK curly-head
cpukHe T get used

epYyiyra nic

cBup.au player, musician, whi-
stler .1 I «we T play; whistle
cpmeue T (17.312) drag, pull
(down, along); — ce creep
cBoesommoct f. arbitrariness
cRoerpemen of (it’s, his, her)

time

cBoeoOpaseH unique .Hocr f.
uniqueness

cBoepauHo with one’s hand

cBoj (2.313) own, one’s own; of
one’s own family

cBpaTusuurre stopping-place,
meeting-place

cBpyean drill

cpps3e I tie up, bind

cCBp3HMK Conjunction

cpptu T (10.14) turn

csp T complete, finish: make
wedding agreement

cBpllyBauKa engagement

cé continually, all the time,
keep (....ing)

ceaHca seance

ceGecu (ce6e) self (cf. 2.31201)

ceOuueH Selfish
ceBpyocan enamoured
cesep north
ceBepodOyrapcKu north-Bulga-
rian
ceneposanay northwest
cesepolicrox northeast
ceso3moxeH any possible, every
possible

Bee re

cera now: right away :meH
present
cereno nest

ceneqdect satin, satiny

266

cennu I sit

ceymu (9.4) seventh

ceyn.e T .ysra I sit

cenym 7 seven
ceqyMroymuien seven-year
cenymaecet 70
cenymectTotunn 700

cee I sow

ceequo all the same, anyhow

,
cesOHna season

ceuy60.a sowing .en (adj.)
sowing

cejay sower

cekapniya lightning

ceKaye everywhere

cekako in all ways, all sorts of
ways

cekakoB every kind of (cf. 2.8)

cekuyHeseH every-day, daily

cekupa ax

cekne T dry up: spark

cekoram always

cekoj every (cf. 2.7)

cekojuar every time

cezaH.en (-Hm) peasant, country
man

cemmy0a settlement

cex.o village: country (not city)

(not city)

ceme seed

cemuHap seminar

cemoken almighty, all powerful
(not city)

cena (2.71) all that

ceHapuux place where hay is
stored *

ceHaBsu4 sandwich, open sand~
wich

cenemtro ali sorts of things:
nonsense

ceH3yasen sensual

ceHnurre big shadow: ghost

cenHyBa ce I start (be startled,

surprised)

centémBpu September

cep sir

cepaap serdar, mili

cepeHaya serenade

cepuo3.eH serious
ousness

cecBercKu world, of the whole
world

cecpaeu with all one’s heart

cectp.a sister .wue little sister
-Wuua sister’s daughter umm
sister’s son

cecrpan from all sides, from
every angle

cera, cero U. Chor

cern T remind: sense, feel; —
ce remember, occur to

ceKkaBa I remember

cé ymre still

ceue I cut

ceungo cutting edge, sharp
instrument

cHB grey

-Hocr f. :

cupe (2.71) ail these
curypen sure, certain
erura (9 1AQ9\N subiect plot
LMNs \aeL rua) Wyte, viv
cua force, err
cunarn type of belt,
cCHiCH strong, crea
cusmuHa strength

Cumian (m. name)
ae ee Ven

CHMBOA Sympo

cumuga kind of fine roll, bun

CHEERS m

f_any

Ch (-oBii)
cun/enw biue

son, dim.

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ckapa

emuue (2.71) all those

erpuBpue dim. of
DS PALSPLLP AW WAUEIVs

cunnyja (a low table, ca. 6” high,

used for rolling dough, etc.)
aN VETYN Aaa Botan hlyannea
fc $RAPETIGA WLU eh? NIMUCLILDY
cHHojKa = cnHoka last night

a we ow

cuHo OHM synonym

on}
5
ho
tr)
s!
S
-|
aay
Nw
a of
—
ee
o
bt
=

gta siren
cupomas (ca4pomacH) poor man
cupoMamTuja poverty

cupota orphan; poor thing
cucrem(a) system

cHTe U. CHOT

curen tiny, fine: pretty
cuTHobypxoacku §=(adj.) petty

bourgeois
curnypuyja little things
cuto sieve
curyaiija situation
cjae J shine
ciaj brilliance, splendor
cjoqyBawe going away, separa-

tion, parti ng

cKaka I jump, leap
cana stairs, dim. cKammue

—

cK

exaunno stairway

cKamener rigid, frozen, turned
to stone

cKaH expensive

CKaliah spoiled, rotten

cKaHe T' rot, spoil

cKal.uja/.oTuja expensiveness

cKapa grill

cKesre

cKene frame, drying-frame,
scaffolding

ckenap hatchet

cKentTuyap skeptic

cKkuHe T tear, rip up, cut up

cKkutHe T wander, tramp .uK
tramp

cKz0H inclined :oct f. inclina-
tion

ckyon framework . T .aysa I
close, conclude, make

cK1yueH pressed together

cKkok jump, leap :we T jump,
leap

cKkonyeutrpnca T concentrate

cKonjanen (-anm) native of
Cxonje (capital of Macedonia)

cKorickn of, from Skopje

cKop.usa I .we T wake up

cKopo soon, almost

cKpaja far away

cKpatrenuya abbreviation

cxpu.pa I .e T conceal .Bamn-
mre/.Bpuuya hiding-place

cKpuuien stealthy

ekpuurym secretly, covertly

cKpomen modest

ckpcHose crosslegged

ekperen crossed, folded

cKpimeB creaky

cKpuim T break, smash, crush

cKy0.He T .e I pluck

cKy4eH sparse, poor

ekycun T break off, cut short:
bite off

cKyT lap

cKyueH pushed toge
huddled

cua6 weak :ee I weaken :uma
waist :ocr f. weakness :o-
KpsBeu Slightly anemic :oxps-
HOCT f. mild anemia

|
|

cnaBlict Slavist, student or
teacher of Slavic

CuapKa (f. name)

cuara I consider, view: obey

cnagu I sweeten

CwaqoK, cuaTKa sweet

cCyama straw

ciamMen of straw
filled pillow

CaMank * (straw) mattress

ciaTKapHuna sweet-shop

cuaTKo sweetly; with enjoyment

cnerne T go down, recede,
shrug (shoulders)

cxeqOeHmK succession

cney.u I follow .crBeno as 2
result, it follows

cnese T (17.313) go down,
descend

exen- blind :ee I go blind :oTra
blindness

cXenoounnma temple

eneye T (17.312) undress, take
off

cumB.a plum, plumtree -OBnIa
plum brandy

cuu3.ra I .e T slip, slide (down)

cama picture

crodo0y.a freedom .eu free .omy-
ous freedom-loving

Cnosen.en, Slovene .euxu Slo-
vene .wja Slovenia

Cyosen.un (-enm) Slav .cxu Sla-
vic .ctBo Slavdom

cnoBeHodun Slavophil :crso
Slavophil movement

enor {-oBn) syllable:
:oBeH Syllabic

cuomnu T agree

cry2K0.a service .en official

cyan I serve

cirynenH peeled

‘mK 6 straw-

harmon ny

calyx (-oBm) rumor

cmyya.eH, .jHa chance,
dental .j happening,
sion, chance

‘enyu.n T .ypa I happen

cnyuza I wwe T listen

emyura.Ten/.4 listener

inci-
occa-

‘CM. = caHnTumerTap

eme.a laughter, smiles, jokes .e
ce I laugh

cmMecB = cmea

emee I dare, have courage He
cmee must not, not be per-
mitted

emectu T place,
billet

cmetawe reckoning, arithmetic

emere I (17.317) sweep out

cmetkKa bill, reckoning

cmetue T take off, down

emeKa objection, hindrance,
obstacle

cmeKaga I hinder, bother

Cmunjax (m. name)

cmupu T quiet

cmMmcsia sense

emorue T be able

cmoK (cmoum/cmoKoBn) a kind
of snake (elaphé angissima or
coluber longissima)

cmoxsBa fig

empt f. death :exn of death, fatal
:Hoer f. mortality

‘empuutn T scowl

cmypten gloomy, scowling

emyT (-oBu) disorder, confusion,
revolt

cHaa wife of son or brother

put up, house,

‘ cHa6y.u T .ysa I provide, supply ,

.yBame provision, supply -y-
Bay provider, supplier
cnara body, torso: strength
cHamen strong, powerful

.
a

cosBe3syzne

cHajye ce T (17.323) come to, be
able to ‘manage

cHamtmxa dim. of cHaa

cHer snow

cHema T disappear, ro cHema, ja
cHema he, she disappeared

cuom (pl. -ja, coll. -je) sheaf

cHocen_ bearable

cHouren last night’s

cHourrn last night

co (prep.) with (4.2)

coa support

See

codepe T (17.2) gather; — ce
contract, — my ce smuleTo
scowl, wrinkle forehead

coOmeyue T (17.312) a.

coOyau T awaken

copamxa shuttle

copect f. conscience

Cosercknot cojyy3 USSR

copetyBa I advise :me advice,
counsel

copnay.a T .ypa I overpower,
take power

copnara I correspond (with), be
identical (with)

coppeme with time, eventually
7H) ~=©6 contemporaneous ‘HMK
contemporary :Hocr f. con-
temproraneity, present

coppuren perfect, completed
:eTBo perfection

cormacen agreed, in agreement

cormacka == KOHCOHaHT conso-
nant

cormacHocr f. agreement

corgiacyBa ce I agree

coyejcTBo collaboration

compaxu I contain

coapaxnna contents

coequu.u T .yBa I unite

coennMHyBame unification

cosBe3amue constellation

cosBy4je

co3sByuje harmony
co3qaBpame creation, founding

CVIMaGAU + (4 fuss LUULLU

establish

cozsema I include, take in

cosuga I build, wall up

cojy3 union sank ally :awuxu
allied

coxon (coxomm/coxmm) falcon

cokpi.pa I .e T cover

com f. salt :m I salt

com3.a tear . I shed tears

comer soloist

Comyn Salonika, Thessaioniki

comya dim. of con

comucneHuK one who holds the
same opinions

commesa ce I doubt

comnenne doubt

comanrenen doubtful, suspici-
ous

comynH loaf of bread

con (conmmre/cnuurre) dream

con.m T .yBa I dream .sMB
dreamy, sleepy

coH.ne sun .ya I sun .yeB sunny
yorsuex sunflower

cooOpa3.enH in harmony with
-Hoct f. harmony

cooyBeT.eH corresponding .HocT

f. correspondence, agreement

.cCTBO agreement

coommrTrenvue announcement,

_ report

coommTnu T inform,
known

conepHnk rival

coumna I conne T trip: hobble
(horse); — ce stumble

commpa I stop
compso first of all

PaTIMmMAnIAPA
WFLA U 2 whe VERPYYil’

mee gnt

make

onnnci tion

270

conpyr husband, spouse :a wife,
spouse

copaGoT.Ka collabora
collaborator

coce altogether, together with

cocey neighbor :em neighboring
:eTBo neighborhood

cocem/:a entirely

cocuna by force: scarcely, witt
difficulty

cocraB make-up, composition
7a T :yBal put together, make
‘Ka component part ‘tyBa4u
compiler, maker

coctranysBa ce I have meeting

cocronu ce I consist

cocroj0a condition, state

cotupa I corpe T wipe out,
destroy

cOyuec.HukK participator .TBO
participation

codpa low table

counmjam.en social
alism

coun I point at, indicate

conrro with what

cu. = cnopenn cf.; cmmeanne

cnafa I fall, belong

cnan.ja m. spahi, big landowner

.1wak big estate
cnakysBa I pack

vr 2
cmanmak spinach

Cnacosyen Assumption (40 days
after Easter; always falls on
FI acne oN
inursaay)

cnactpu T clean up, tidy up

cneymjanen special

cnemnduuer specific

eneyamm T earn

cneyuen roasted
enue I sleep

comKa ml ous
HMKa « pusn

A

“3am Soci-

cnucanne journal, magazine

cima splinter

cnoOynamm ce T go crazy

cmoron.6a agreement .yBa ce I
bargain, seek to agree

cnou T join, connect (10.12)

cnoKo.eH, .jwa content, quiet

cnou4j my (Bora/Bory) thank
God

cnomara I help in, support, give
aid

cuomeH Souvenir, reminder, me-
mory, memoir .e T mention

cnomu.u T .yBa I remember,
remind

cHona connecting link

cnop quarrel

cnopex (prep.) according to, as
concerns (4.1) :6a regulation

cnopeyu T compare

cuocoduocr f. capability

cuotuHa I poke, urge on

cupema (prep.) according to (4.1)

clipemeu ready, prepared

cipeuyBame hindrance,
obstruction

cupujatenm ce T become
friendly, make friends

cuposey.e T (17.316) introduce,
bring in, send

cupocrpe T (17.1) spread out

cupotTn on eve of: corresponding
to: opposite (4.319)

cupoTus.Hocr f. opposition .yBa
ce I oppose, object

ciycryBa I be empty, deserted

cnymr.a I .e T let, let down;
— ce go down, hang down

Cc. p. = cRoepauHo

cpaBHeHmMe comparison

cpasmep relation, relationship

. relativity

sHOCT

cpHa

cpam shame :n I :ayspa I shame
:e2KIMB Shy :ea shameful :ora
shame
Cn6 Yat
VP

(uw a Carh Wwia
oeEE (ai MiBRa OCiV oya

Serbia
cpa0a anger

‘ cpmeuen hearty .nocr f. hearti-

ness

cpeOp.eu (adj.) silver .o silver

cpen/:e (prep.) in the middle,
amid (4.320)

cpega middle, Wednesday

cpen6a encounter, meeting

cpeye = cpex

cpey.uHa milieu .mmre central
point, center, center of
attraction .Huor Bek middle
age .uuTe Bekosn the Middle
Ages

cpexHourkoncKku §=(adj.)
dary-school

cpeyozem.eH Mediterranean .Ho-
mopexkn of the Mediterranean
Sea

Cpezosemuo Mepe Mediterra-
nean Sea

cpeycrBo means

cpetu.e T .yBa I meet

cpeka fortune, chance, good
luck a

cpeKkasa I meet

cpekeu fortunate, lucky

cpu T begin to growl: whinny

CP3 = cenaucxa paodoTHmuKka
saypyra, i. e. collective farm

cpyna T jump a bit, start, be
startled

cpiyjame reading syllable by
syllable

epx.a I xe T drink liquid
from spoon

cpma gold or silver thread

qa
cpua doe

secon-

271

cPOH

ccpoum T cause to fall

cp sickle

‘cplicku Serbian

cept top ridge of a mountain:
divide

epymim ce T collapse, tumble

down

‘cpue heart

cpueOnerme heartbeat

cpueu/cpuecr glassy: pithy

‘CCCP (ecececép/c’c’c’p’) Cojy3
Ha COBeTCKNTe cOouMjammcern4-
Kw pernyOunku USSR

craB.a I .w« T place; — mme
name

cTakJL.eH glass .o glass -

crajlomen calm, collected,
undisturbed

CramodonoBsuirina Stambolovism
(S. was Bulgarian dictator in
1890's)

Tau quarters, rooms :6en (adj.)
housing

crau.e T .yBa I stand, get up,
happen, take place

ceTaHnya station

cranoBumre standpoint, stand

craop rat

eran stick, cane

cranasxka sole; track; step

crannya trap

cran.nu/.He T .yspa I step, tread

ceranka step

crap old :ee I age :eu old man
:eukn like an old man :mya
old woman

cTrapoppemckn old-fashioned,
antique

craposamManckH antique

crapojko = crapocsar senior
male member of wedding
party

crapocuoBenckn Old Slavonic

272

crapoct f. old age

crac.a T .yBa I arrive; manage;
have time to

cratuja article

cratya statue

craTycKBo Status quo

creOno tree-trunk

crera preserve

crer.a I .we T squeeze, oppress;
clench; tighten

creruar clenched, pressed
together

crexku.e T .yBpa I narrow, tense,
tighten

ctemuysa ce I get dark

cTeHorpam transcript

crena T fight

creme degree

crecuu T narrow, tighten

crTuBHe T quiet, calm

erurue T reach, arrive, attain

cTtunenanja scholarship, fellow-
ship, financial aid

erucue T grip, clasp tightly,
clench

cruqpaner high shoes

crux verse, line

CTHXH.eH, .jHa spontaneous
spontaneity, natural force

cTuxonnetcku verse-making,
rhymsterish

cro 100

croxep pole on harvest-floor:
(fig.) pillar of household

cron I stand — xo be up to

Crojan (m. name) dim.: Crojue

cToKa wares, goods

crokmiu JT prepare, get ready;
— ce even up, get dressed
up

cron (-opn) table :ap carpenter,

furniture-maker

cron0 pillar :ea column

ja

CYICTBO

ae eae ae

Crone dim. of Crojau

cTomuHa water-jug (clay,
small opening)

CTOHOTAIKA centipede

with

Wwaeewe Tv ssate Vs

ecTrouaH master, lord (of estate)
:Ka mistress (of estate), fre-
quent as swedr-word :eTso
economy

e¢TonatTu a hundred times

cTromun ce T become, seem. like
a bail .

ctopu T do, complete; — ce
[my] seem, appear

eroTu hundredth

cTp. = cTpanuna

ctTpas (-opn) fear :oruja fear,
dreadful things

erpaga I suffer .eu suffering,
pitiable

¢rpaxap guard, sentinel

cTpakx (flower-)stem

cTpana side, country, page, on
— Ha on the part of

¢Tpann I go to one side

crpaHnija page —

erpau.cku foreign .crgo abroad,
foreign land i

crpac.t f. passion .TeH, .Ha
passionate

cTpater strategist

cTpauxka magpie

cTpaut.eu terrible, fearful .nms
fearful .nupoct f. fearfulness

cTpBeH ravenous, starved

¢cTpea eave: roof

cTpea arrow

¢ctpena I shoot

cTpemex striving, endeavor

‘eTpemnu ce I strive

ctTpece T (17.311) shake, make
tremble

18 Macedonian grammar

|

crpuxKe I (17.315) cut hair
cTpu.Ko m. father’s brother .Ha
father’s brother’s wife: any

older W7NMMan
VIMAEL VV Viliaait

ctpkKa T run down(hill)

cTpM.e1, wind .HmHa steep slope
eH steep

cTpor severe

cTp0.eH, .jHa well-built, hand-
some .j asking maiden’s hand:
machine: social structure
.jHuK marriage-broker,
matchmaker

erpon I build (10.12)

CT. CT. = cTap crus

erpodba strophe

cTpyxwaney native of Crpyra
(town, SW Mac.)

ctpyxe I (10.16) scrape, plane

cTpyja current

cTpykKTypa structure

cTpyHa string

cTpyu (-oBn, coll. -je) scab,
pimple

erpynoms T fall at full length
(e. g. tree) -

erpyumnu of, from Struga

ctpuien horse-fly

crym cold :ex cold

cTryyu.ja study .upa I/T study

eTytKan crumpled: shy, timid

cyOjexr subject

cyOjextigen subjective

cys dry; dull

cyBapkKa dry wood

cyBoxonmya dry ravine

cym court, judgment :6a/:6una
fate :Oonocen fateful wn I
judge :uja m. -judge

cyaupame fight

cyapysza I strike — ce fight

cya.cku court, legal .ergo legal

anpnarsatiisc
appararvus

273

cyeBepeH

cyeBep.eH superstitious .je
superstition

cyeteH vain, idle

cyKan.Ka/.o rolling pin

cyurau sultan :exm sultan’s

cymMa sum; many

cyHra knife, bayonet

cyHfep sponge

cynep-TspaHMHa superfortress

cynpasa neat housekeeping,
aspect of home

cynpas.a I .1 T do housework,
put in order, clean up: get
rid of

cypat face

cypryH exile (in Asia Minor)

cypey.u T .yBa I put in order

ra and (then)

raa she: that (cf. 2.31 and note;
2.4)

raOuer custom, habit :mmja m.
habit-bound, conventional
person

Tar.a sorrow, pain, longing,
yearning .u (pl.) plaints, sad
songs .open sorrowful, full of
sadness

Tayea over there

TaeH, TajHa secret

Tae silence

Taxmeu sad, longing

ramnu I be sad, sorrowful, long

rau I hide

TAMHCTB.eH Mysterious .o
mystery

Taka thus, so Kako... Taka (i)
both ...and; as well as

TakaHapeyeH so-called

274

cypoB raw :mMHa raw material
:Myja wood, firewood: beating

cyptyk big boy, lout

cye (excl.) shush!

cymm I dry

cyuiHoct f. essence

cymir same, very

cyurrects.en essential .o crea-~
ture, being .ysa I exist

cylliTuHa essence

charu T grasp, comprehend

cqbaka I grasp, comprehend

cdepa sphere

cxoyHo similarly

c’KyeT == cakueT

e’cKa I hiss

Takos such, that kind of (2.8)

rakca T promise

rakT rhythm, beat ‘

TakyFrepe also

ranac (dial. -3) wave

TanzeHtTupan talented

Tanor sediment; grounds; dregs

ramy there

TaH-ayBa a type of oriental
sweet; halva

TaHkoBpat slim-necked, thin-
necked

TaHoK thin, slim, fine

Tantuéma wages of an artist;
commission, percentage

vaHun I make thin, fine

ran dull :w I make dull

TamaH drums :wuja m. drummer

tanmuja (Turkish) deed of
ownership

ranoymenH dull, sluggish-minded

TUKBECIUKMU

Tapamika I search

rac shallow dish: collection
plate

rate (-eBum) m. daddy

ratKo (-opyu) m. father :BuHa
fatherland, native land :scxn
fatherly

ratue I bang, thunder, roar
(thunder, cannon) :« thun-
dering, booming

TayTonoruja tautology

TBoj your (cf. 2.313)

TBOp.da creation, work of art
.4 I make, create, do ..eme
creation .em creator .euKM
creative .emmrsBo creation, act
of creation. (usually artistic,
literar¥)

Tepa hard, firm :m I harden:
arrest :mua fortress, hardness
stubbornness

T. @. = Toa ei. e.

rearap theater

Tepekeruja mM. ieee stupid
person

rerne I stretch

rerau I pull

reramue little jar

Trexu I weigh, be heavy :Ha~-

weight :urre center of gravity
TeKOK, TeimiKa heavy, hard,
difficult
Tek course, flow
TekH.e T .yBa I [my] desire
Texyuir (adj.) current
Tese (pl. -uiwa/-1n) calf
Tenerpama telegram
teso body
TeJb (-OBM) wire
Tema theme, darkness
Teme scalp, top of head
TemeH dark

TemjauKa violet

18*

I
3

sees esnncrtnteaR ee a A SEE SE Sr gc
*

remu.ee I look, be dark .wHa
darkness, dark color .wua
prison, jail

rTemHo-(3eneu) dark-(green:
etc.)

reuqennud3sen tendencious

teueke tin; tin-plate Wwja
mM. /venekuja m. tinsmith

reHK tank (military)

TeHka Cloth the width of the
loom

“reHoKk thin, fine

rena I beat, whip

relicuja a large,metal bowl,
usually rather shallow

tepa I drive, chase

Tepaca terrace

Tepe3uja scales

Tep3uja m. tailor

rec.eH narrow, tight: too small
uu I make narrow, tighten

Terepaspu ce I stagger

TeTHBa curve

Terka aunt: any older woman

TetuH (-oBuM) aunt’s husband _

Tetospey native of Teroso
(town, NW Macedonia)

TeTpatTKa notebook

teqtep account-book, record

TeXHM.Ka technique, technology
aap technician .axu technical

rexnon0or technologist

reue I (17.312) flow

Temxotro the TeSko (‘difficult
dance’), Macedonian national
dance

temrta wife’s mother (the
usual term is 6a6a)

Tus.He T quiet down .ox quiet

Turap tiger

TukBemku of, from TuKkBelL
(area in central Mac., around

Kavadarci)

more

275

TMUKU

~HKK and, and also

Tis (-je) back of neck, nape

‘Tua silt, mud, very muddy
water

THpanuaA (-aHM) tyrant

THUTY Na title

ayes insects :

Tux soft, quiet

Tae) quiet

runitn I weigh, press on: bother

tKae I weave

tTaee I glow, glimmer, yearn

T. H. == TakaHnapeyeH

tToaneét toilet, grooming

‘roBap load :a I . T load

‘oraj/Toram then, at that time

Toe (m. name)

Toj, Taa, Toa, Tue (cf. 2. Si, 2.4)

_he, she, it, they: that, those

tTokmn I prepare, get ready
(to - do)

ToKMorsaB ‘of same height

tToKMy exactly, precisely: only,

‘ nothing more; He e Toxmy =
he’s not as he:should be;
TOKMy wWiTo just as

troKkoca ce T: shake meus

vTonKasB so big, of such size

(cf. 2.8)
touky (that’s) all, no more: as
much Tromky KouKy as much
as =
ToukyBa I interpret, ane
swe interpretation; :4 inter-

preter
TOIKYuHsa as little as this
Tome I hammer
TOJHUK pestle
vT0oH tone
ToHama tonnage
roue I drown, sink
tron (-opm): cannon
TOM

‘N

276

tronmm I warm, make warm;
:Ha warmth

rop0a knapsack

Topdeur Moslem Macedonian
Slav

Tonsomep thermometer

Tonorpa@ topographer

Tonol warm

ronyK heel

roliycKka/urma ronycKa pin

Topnéyzo torpedo

TroueH accurate

toun I make flow, serve (wine,
beer): sharpen

Touka point; period; — mM 3a-
mupKa semicolon; aBe TeuKe
colon

rpa0da bolt (of cloth)

Tpara track, trace

Tparuu.en tragic .xm tragically

rpae I last

TpakrTaT tract

TpaHcnapénTr banner or placard
(with slogan written on, car-
ried in parades, etc.)

rpac.kKa I .He T ‘slam, bang,
slap, cause to tremble

TpatT ‘tinder

tpatn T throw out, Reich
abandon

tTpaka I thrash about,

tpra I pull

Tpru.e T .ysBa I start out, move
away; twitch: pull

gpros.eu, trader, merchant .nja
trade, jusiness .ckn (adj.)
business ;

tpeGa I it is necessary Tpeda
ya cu ogam I must go He Mi
rpeGaat ose padotu I don’t
need these things.

rpe6u I clean, pick over

rice): destroy —

flounder

nHBOR: oe agitation

Tpenmzadun rose

Tpenep.eme wavering, flickering
au I waver, flicker

Tpenka eyelid

tTpener trembling :m I tremble
‘ene trembling, shiver :1uB
shaking, wavering

Tpenne T blink

Tpece [ (17.311) shake

Tpecka fever (and chills)

tpecue T shock, shake suddenly

Tper(u) third (cf. 9.4)

Tpetuna one-third

tpetnat for the third time

TpewnHmuya thunder

Tpemrren dazed

tpu three

TpuaronmHnK triangle

TpuBwjanen trivial

TpugHesen three-year-old,
lasting three years

Tpne I rub

tpuecer thirty

Tplecnetrogumen thirty-five-
year-old

rpueceruna thirty

‘tpyunarnu thrice

Tpucra three hundred

TpuymMBupat triumvirate

Tpuym@ triumph

Tpuxuna trichina

TpMuK ml tant hran

pl. tant. bran

Tpu-uetTupu three or four

Tpuunen (adj.) of three
members

Tpkana I roll

TpKanzezeH round, rounded,
roundish, oval

TpKas.ecr round, rounded

.0 owes

rr tS

nr

TyKypeuys

pH (pl. rpme) th

ANetl a little

Tpopye a very little

Tporizas threeheaded 4

Tpo.eH, .jHa triple

rpojya three, trinity

Tponmaibe pounding, thumping

TpockoT weed

Tporoap sidewalk

Tpoéj trophy

Tpoum I crumble: spend,
expend

Tpowlnsa a tiny little bit

TpowKa crumb

Tpnesa (low) table

Tpuhenus patient

TplicHue patience

tpnnu I bear, stand

Tpuka tingling

Tpnue T stand, bear

Tpcka reed

Tper Trieste .

Tpy0.a‘ trumpet, horn, pipe .m I
blow or sound trumpet, pro-
claim

rpyyGenu.kK worker, anyone
who es 4kM Workers’

tTpyaen tiring, difficult, painful

Tpyauna (f. adj.) pregnant

rpygu ce I labor, exert self

Tpy-e Z poison .jax poisoner
jauka poison

Tpyna [ Pus up

Tpynuey chopping-block

Tpyawe running

ayN strange, ee someone
else’s :1Ha foreign land sMIICIy
‘mHKa~ Stranger, foreigner
MHCKM ee

Tyxu I complain, accuse

Tyka here

tTyky but; only

TyKypeun so to speak

q

277

TyKylTo

TyKyiTo scarcely

Tyna brick

TymOouenen (m. nickname)
"Popped-out Forehead’

Tynanuna fist

vTynka I pound

.Typ.a I .w T shove

vTypHe T shove aside, push

TypHéja tourney

Kaja m. owner of big sheep-
herds

Kap profit :m I/T profit, gain,
win :mmja.m. winner :yBa I
win, make profit

Ke (projective modal particle;
cf, 27)

Ke- see also Ke-

KeOan small piece of meat
cooked on a spit, shishkebab
or shashlyk

KeOanye small roll of ground
meat cooked on a grill
(Serbian CevapCcic)

Ke6e blanket

Kegep sole: worry

Kenas bald :m I strip, make bald

Kenenyp chance for free food
and drink

Kenem inconsiderate person
(pej.)

Kesnja cell

Kemane fiddle :ymja m. fiddler

Kemep leather moneybag

KeneHok window-shutters for
store: little shelf made of
these shutters when the store
‘is open

Kepan basement

Kepamuya brick

278

Typexa Turkey

Typekn Turkish: Moslem

Typue young, small Turk,
Moslem

Typuns (pl. Typux) Turk;
Moslem

tytTHe T shove

TytyH tobacco :oB tobacco

Kepara scoundrel, pander

Kepgoca T thrive

Kepxa daughter

Kepnuy tile :eu of tile

Kece pouch, purse

Keq) good-humor, inclination
:uuja m. good-humored per-
son

Keumku would that; may it be
So

Ku- see also Ku-

Kuuum carpet

KonmasB (pej.) weak, stupid,
characterless person

Konex dog :

Kop blind in one eye :aBu I
become blind in one eye

Kopeoxax blind alley

Koc beardless :e beardless boy

Kocrek watch-chain, silver
chain

Korek beating jagwe KoTeK get a
beating

Koqpre ground meat; dish pre-
pared from ground meat

Koui/Komre corner

Ky nature

KysiaBka hood

KybymMapxKa small ax with very
long handle

yaune

KymO6e stove
Kymyp charcoal, soft coal, peat

charcoal hiirner
Cnarcoai purner

Kyn (-opm) big earthen vessel

Kypauja man’s long armless
cloak black Or wr ite
wh, NAME VE VV da co

KypkK woman’s long cloak, often
with fur

e
*IWwItI.AL «™|M
ons wR yCe fil,

y (prep.) at (4.321)

yanem T .yga I arrest

yeas beautiful, pretty, hand-
some, fine :mma beauty

yOen.m T .ypa I convince .1MB
convincing

yOu.sa I .e T strike, injure; kill
ey «=(.jum) «murderer .crso
murder

yoocr f. beauty

ysBepen.ne trust .ocr f. convic-
tion

ysBeptipa overture

yso pl. yum ear

ductory
ysBpeyen offended
ysue dim. of yBo
yrafa I happen: be pleasing to,
convenient for
yracne T put out, quench
yruenxyBaiwbe imitating
yrueryga | oppress :4 oppressor
yroan T please, do favor
yrope up there, above yrope
BUCCKO, yHoue ANadOKO i. e.
nowhere in there any hope
yuapeunu.K/.ua drowned person
yuap blow :nuxk/:aniya_ shock-

worker :Hnuirse shock-work,
speed-up

-— .

y

|
|
|

Kypunja m. furrier

Kycknja wedge

Kytn I be silent

KyTyk stump; stupid man; dead
drunk

Kykyp sulphur

Kyqdte —= kKodre

Kymue T kick

yaen part, participation, role,
share

yaupa I hit, strik

ymoben convenient, comfortable

ynomnu T settle

YAONcCTBO convenience

yapu T strike; lay (foundation)

yre worse

ymac horror, horrible thing

yxusa [Bo] I enjoy

y3pe.sa/.e I ripen, mature

y3pean ripened, ripe

ysyp leisure, pleasure

yem percentage of flour miller

lkraane ac yayment
ALYY aw um 422ivil

yjaye T (17.316) afflict, plague
yjamca T arrange, bring about,

put in order, arrange in
advance; — ce work together,
collude

yxune T break off, make an end
to, abolish
ykue T puff, breathe on, blow

raval
was

ykop reproach

ykoueu fixed, motionless

yu. = ysmma

yuna misfortune, damnation

yuap crazy, man :m ce I go mad

yunya street; dim. ysmue,
yamnuKke

ho
~l
©

yIM4eH

yauuen (adj.) street

yajapuuk beehive

yuxora role, part

ym mind, understanding,
wisdom

ymee I be able, know how to
2Ihe Skill

yeu intelligent, bright

ey AV ARR ean

artist’s, artistic .ocr f. art

ymup.a I die .auka death, act
of dying .ammr moribund,
dying

yMuHnya wise, intelligent woman

ymopen tired

yMorsop0a work of art, literary
or artistic creation

ympe T (17.1) die

ymMpeu dead

YMpTByBawe extinction

yMuuTHHAa wisdom, wiseness
(pej.)

yHakpcen at random, conflict-
ing

Yurap.ey Hungarian .nja
Hungary

yHep wonder, miracle

yHuBep3suTer university

yHuja union

yHuuru T destroy

ynatu T give directions to; —
ce set out

yuua.B fright .wmu T frighten

ynopur stubborn, intensive

yupas.a direction, management
.eH directed .Hnxk/.Huua. di-

manager .ysa I con-

FAULTY,

eva aan mM

roctor
receor,

duct, direct, manage
yupocr.u simplify .ex simplified
xmnat hurrah!

Y¥ Uae LLiGAalii.

ypey.u T .ysa I set up, regulate

ypeqnu.K/.ua editor .ammTBO
CULLULiLlAL NVUAL u, Sta Alii, ViLiC®e

280

t

ypusa I/ypuysa I ypne T
destroy

yponn T bear fruit

ycso.u T master, capture .jypa I

ycer feeling, taste : T sense,
feel, taste, notice

yenunoa effort

yenos condition :en condition-
ed, determined conditional

ycmes smile :a I :He ce T smile
:Kka smile

emmugp.Ka smile .we T smile
ycua lip
ycne.e T .pa I succeed, manage,,
ripen

ycnex (-cm) success

yepy.eu hearty -wocr f. hearti-
ness

yera mouth

ycTanorga institution

ycTaHospysBa I ascertain

yer.en oral; labial

ycTpojerso system, set-up,
arrangement

yreue T (17.312) escape

yrexa comfort

yrewienne comfort — rpenrmyn

(archaic Dative pl. form)
’comfort to the sinful’:

Wee Veen Wiss

yroromn ce T get weak,
collapse :

yroka conflux, outlet

yTpe tomorrow :geuta on the
next day :men tomorrow’s

yTpuucku (adj.) morning

yTpooa womb, bowels

ykKymarT administrative office

yuacrak (Bulgarian) local police
station, precinct station

wyiurafirreery tawvtihnanl
Jy 4CVUhNH LOALUTNYVUUN

yue.nnk/.Huya pupil; dim. .um-

ye/.HMuKa .HHUKH pUpil’s

ee Fs
yuewe i€arning, aoc rine

yuec.HHK/.HMWa participant .TBe
participation .rByBa I parti-
cipate

yun I study

yunsmuren (adj.) school,

yunmuurre school, educational
ee iae

yunuHiya class-room

&

cdbabpu.Ka factory .uKMH (adj.)
factory

cbasopusupa I/T favor

cbax trap

cpaxt fact :wuxu factual: (adv.)
in fact :ep factor

dbaxysrét faculty, division of a
university

qpana thanks

cban6a praise, boast; threat

cbanm I praise; — ce boast, —
ce my threaten

_@asmmento bankruptcy

dancucpuKar falsification,
forgery, fake

danapnor phanariot (see p. 118)

cbane T graps, grab, a hold of

cbanracruuen fantast

qcpautoma phantom |

cbarasmcTn4kH eetnUsuic

darn T grasp: set to, begin: be
becoming

daka I grasp, grab; mu cbaka
exete reckon, think over and

conclude

diane strip

cdeppyap.u February .cxu (adj.)

cbepue dim. of cec

qewron feuilleton :uct
feuilletonist

rs err rer en TC Se TY

cbpenr

yunren/:ka teacher :crsyga I
serve as teacher

yuymeH amazed, bewildered

yum pl. of yse

yuite already yurte ne not yet
yuire kaxe and how! yurre
me- even (more)

cenep lantern

’ gepene veil

cbepman imperial (Turkish).
decree, document

tbec fez

(puganKa Sapling

qdbu3u4.ap physicist .«m physical

cbusmexu (adj.) film

(bunone.ruja philology .wKu
philological

qdbusman cup

tbucka drawer, pigeonhole

dutus fuse

dbuckyuty pa. gymnastics,
physical culture

duduan I lisp

cbuuiek ees

dbropuH Orin gold-c

opuna florin, gold-coin

@MHPI (bt ’n’p’ 7) — Peyeparus-
Ha HapoqHa penyOunka Jyre-
cuapuja

dboajé foyer

cboxysune proudly; with dignity

cdbopeupa I force, push

cpoténja armchair

cbpank (-opu) franc

@paniy.3uH (34) Frenchman
.ckHiba Frenchwoman

cbpannyckn French

qppenr (-cpn) latch

28f

«qppeHTiija wooden lever
qppencKa Koulyaa European,
store-bought shirt
Terre Shwe lateness na an "=< T
<ppi3.ep nairaresser .1pa 1
dress the hair
tbpk.a I .ue T fly
ahnn a T Ta | +h LTOw BVUIKa
‘ppyt a a Wi aL CiLlLUYV : ai ma

shoot a rifle
<Ppocuna (f. name)

xaoc chaos

xapTuja paper

xapu = xapu expense, cost

xaop chiorine

xoyHMK corridor

xoHopap payment, fee

xop (-opu) chorus

xpaOap brave .pocr f. bravery

xpam (-opn) temple

xpan.a food .1 I feed .mrenuu
nmpoxyKtu foodstuffs

Xpzsat Croat(ian)

Xpsgar Croat(ian)

woman :cKa Croatia

‘xa Cro

sande

oat(ian)

anne T tread on

ap (-osu/-esu) emperor, czar
seBunHa empire, kingdom

yapesen (adj.) of maize

Wapesk.a Indian corn, maize
.oBmMHa corn-stalk

Ijapurpag Constantinople,
Istanbul :exu of Constan-
tinople, Istanbul

yapceTBo empire, kingdom

weet (-opnu) flower :a I bloom

282

|
|
|

@yy0an soccer
football
cbyKap poor man
dyHaamént basis, found
cdbyHKuM0HEp official
cbyprou freight car

ghana oublic oven
ee vveiL

w yprua puHy.l
cbycran dress

cdbyta apron
cpyun I whistle, whiz, zoom

y tua i

== European

ati ~~
aAllOll

XPBaTCKM Croat(ian)

xpucrujan.uu (.4) Christian .cxu
-cTBo Christianity

xpuetos Christ’s

Xpuetoc Christ

xpoumka chronicle

xponmuen chronic

xyMaH == 4OBe4UeH :0cT f. = 40-
BeuHOCT

xypuer — Turkish hiirriyet —
freedom (connotes various
‘concessions made by Turkish
government in early 20th
century)

weekapKa florist

nBeke (coll.) flowers

uspkHe T make sucking sound
when drinking from bottle

uspcert firm, solid

ueBkKa barrel (of rifle, pistol)

nequ I strain :mKa strainer :20
cheese-cloth

yen whole

nen f. goal, target, aim

Ifensuye Celsius

weKa Huta

Sete eum GSE eaaaay cece ae ea ae nae ae tc ee ne eee

neanBa I/T kiss

weuo0.KyneH complete, entire .er
f. whole, totality

nenyHe T kiss

wement cement

wepn ce leer

YB AY civilian

an civilian :en

wMrapa cigarette

wunukKIye cycle

yumomn T whimper, whine

yuna crotch

yupkyc circus

una I suck

_ IK (gexa) = nenrpannnor
KOMMTeT

wokyma heavy army shoe

ups (-1/-je) worm :eiy worm
:<1MB WOrmy :ojagquHa worm-
eaten wood :ocaH wormy

upBen red

wpeso intestine, rubber hose

pen tile :Ha large shallow

waBkK.a jackdaw .un (adj.)
yam (-onm) smo

—

:OBHHA smell of smoke,
iness
yaj tea
wWakMak steel, lighter (s
hitting flint to make fire)
uamra band :wuja m. musician
GaHTra Pose hand
uanne T grab quickly
uapyak upper room, with one
or more sides open

et
OD
oD
—
ar)
°
Lae)

a

earthen vessel baking
large loaves of bread :nanKa
cloth for cleaning

Wpecuo. loin

for
ao

npema/upemma cherry

upeninos (adj.) cherry

ywpkKBa church

upkKsBen church, ecclesiastical

upkHe T die (of animals); die
miserably

upH black

Ipua Tepa Montenegro Cxon-
cka — mountain just north
of Skopje

upu.u I blacken .ee ce i
black, look black .wnHa bia
ness .“uja mulberry tree

IWpuorop.ey .Ka Montenegrin

upHoropeKkun Montenegrin

WpHomopeKu Black Sea

wpHooK blackeyed

upHopesku of Upxa Pexa
(SW Mac.)

upn.e I dip, draw .ne T

upra trait, feature

upta I draw, sketch :4 sketcher

wyt blossom :“ I blossom,
bloom

oa
- @

floor-paint
way out

yapmas covering (table-cioth,
sheet, bedspread)
rapmamia market-pvlace:
4 Pera yee £44104 2,0 U0 jee me

business

yac hour; re class
yeBper sho

ge3a pen cicd cart
yeka I wait .1wHmya waiting
room

ho
2

i

WqeKMene

yuekmeye drawer
uexop step, pace :u I step, take

aA Oley, Hbiiuc

yekpK/ueKpuK pulley (on a

well)
yenag f. children (and direct
descendants)

Yeo forehead Ha 4eJIO co
headed by

yemyer f. jaw

wemep pain, ache ‘

ywenren hook

yenruja bold, brazen ‘woman,
public dancer

yenepok (hand-)span

yenka T scratch, scrabble

yepra rag rug :p nomad sypsy

yepek quarter

tzec.en honorable .r f. Aonor an
I honor .rur honorable; for-
tunate

yecto often | ae

yeta platoon, regiment

yeTBopeH quadruple.

ueTBopuya four Cet,
group of 4

quarter :wna 4 :oK

4
DD
S
5
2)
©
ot

40unl,, Bo-
hemian :muKa Czech woman
:ocr0BauKa Czechoslovakia

yeura I scratch

Yemen comb

Yeuma Boece

yemmkuN Czech, Bohemian
yenlia os ee. :p comb-imaker

fountain, fa aucet, tap

yenmma

284

er

yee oe pe ee
, clothes-rack
yunj (2. 522) whose? unjmTo
(2.62) whose
un (-opm) rank
unurea meat-hook

unnnu I seem, be worth, do, be
in onad haalth

dak 6avvu ALO ALEULL

unHuja wooden bowl, fairly
shallow

umnuue small wooden bowl ..

“uHMM apparently, you might
think

YMWHOBHY.K
clerk’s, official’s

yup (-esu/-opn) ulcer

umcr clean, pure a I clean
:okppen pure-blooded :ora
cleanness, cleanliness

unta I read :mna reading-room
tHKa : reader, reading-book
“we reading

yuntans legible, clear

yundaur estate, great. agricultur-
al holding :ap iaborer on
ciflig, serf :apergo system of
cifligs

clerk,

owner of
ciflig

uudbt~ pair

unmuKo (-Bum) father’s brother
any older man dim... um40

(often used as title of address}

le at

wruea T ln
ma AL

“REWIDA ££ 1U
‘“KOpsaB hard, roughened
uKpanja scorpion; ugly woman
ukpnna I squeak, creak

uKkptKa I creak.

uKyzaB without fingers, with 2a

tenet owl kat

crippiea nafi
uneH member; article
member

Su

-*Ka

umae I pine away
yo-Tpeuyo (dial.) = unyo-
Tpexzo
yYoBeK man, person, human
being :omy6je love of man
YoRe.ueH human, humane, good
4K /. KM ence uHnocT f.
humanity, humaneness .urrso.
humanity, the human race
yomyulme touchy, sensitive
yopan stocking
‘opoaun.j ja rich man aK
riches, rank of rich man
youex belly-dance, dancer
unptasp turned-up
“yspa I take care of, conserve,

made free, for nothing

mapKa I make a racket; — ce
quarrel

lame road

waka = WaBka

yam pane of glass :nmax display
window :uuja m. glazier

mamOa3 horse-trader, rascal

yWamuja mosque

woap.a I .ne T feel about ion
noOyp aI .e T submerge head

42 Y Vea MNLLLEL BY LAE

qeaKka J chew cud, chew for

long time
WweaxHe T ehoatte

wspK.a I .we T sound as lHquid
emerging suddenly

ran revolting things: mobs of
people (pej.)

yrpana J stumble (into), walk
clumsily

urypa I eile with Sees
Motion |

Wym6yill
ee

preserve :p guard, watchman,
keeper

YyBCTB.UTeIeH Sensitive .o
feeling .yga I feel

m.eH wonderfi i marvelous .#
eH aR VV VLLMA Ss SUA, ALLAL UW eFS

I amaze, astound .o wonder,

miracle .opmuurre monster
uva 7 hear

AY Y he

4uyk hammer.

y4uyk.a I He T .Hysa I thump,
heat :

uyma plague

uyH boat, skiff; dim. 4wyHye

uynKy (dial.) for, since

4ykKyHyenO (-opun) great-great-
grand-father

ufune T squint

wed" (-opu) pocket

yespa argument, difficulty

wes jazz

nenat hangman, executioner

wemGoca ce T get out, scram’

weHadeT damned, evil

neHem hell; devil meHemute —=
not on your life!

yen — eb

yenane arsenal, arms:

uurep viscera Senn Wurepi
lungs wpHM yMrepn heart,
liver and kidneys

Warr fiant
4iviti. &1¢eL1 L

uut.kKa I .we T throw.

yume (baby word) thing: toy
wy6e type of long cloak
WyBaH answer

yymoym big, noisy celebration;

dacs frotixntiag

| 59 LESLLVLLITS

285

IllaGar,

Madan (town W. Serbia)

madm0H mould, chiché :cxu
hackneyed, cliché

miasap (kind of) reed

maeyuen heavy wool homespun

man shawl

pianasu I make a‘racket, be
noisy

wasBapu pl. tant. wide Topigh
trousers

mamap (Serbian!) = miiakaHniya

waMnarmcko champagne '

wianka hat

Tap IInanuna (mt. range NW
of Skopje) 4

mapen variegated, many-col-
ored, bright: painted: having
pictures (e. g. church with
frescoes): engraved — (foun-
tains etc.)

miapu I shine (with many
colors)

WwapnuanuncKku of or from
Wap Inannna

miamapauca T upset, alarm

WalWlIMB Cross- eyed

lilpeycxa Sweden

Illsefanen Swede

wesap kind of grass

szrallz
Walls

twrranka ctroall

wichGa stro,

wmeecer 60

wiej (-opu) sheikh, (Moslem)
elder

piema scheme :rekxu schematic
:m4eH schematic

wmiena handful

wienue T whisper

wienor whisper :m I whisper

mecuaecer 16th

wrectr 6

wwe

286

ic

wiectTnu a

niectmeceyen 6-month

mecroroqumesr 6-year-old

wectroruun 600

met.a I we T stroll, walk, go
out

ieKep sugar :euH sugared, sweet,
of sugar :m I sugar, sweeten
sue bit of sugar, sweet, candy

wimone T slam, strike hard

wuBay tailor :ka seamstress

ume IJ sew ime sewing

nmunKk (dry measure, ca. 1.5
kilo}

mupu I widen, broaden

mmpur ribbon He saan mu wm-

puru ‘don’t feed me _ that
stuff’; ’don’t try to deceive
me’,

wmupoK wide, broad

mmpokorpan (adj.) big-hearted,
generous :ocr f. generosity

mmMpounna breadth, wide open
place

wmpymM wide open

mudpa number, cipher

mume bottle um«471nue little
bottle

wikem6oe belly

mKoua (dial. u1Kko0) school

wikosryBaH schooled, trained

mkopue (also ux-) match

HIkornanraney (-nyn) Scot

Wlkorekxa Scotland

witakannya slap, blow with
open hand

wimajzep light machine-gun

ummeKap swindler

uimpxK.a I wwe T sniff, sniffle

eee

mimykKue TJ suck, (sweet, ice-
cream)

m0, mom (dial.) = mro, mIToM

WOBMHM.3am chauvinism, exag-
gerated patriotism .cr chau-
vinist, exaggerated patriot

mnekyJ.a/.auuja speculation, ,
gambling .4HTr speculant,

WMHOH spy :A7%Ka espionage

mmopet stove

mmota ce | quarrel, upbraid

mraBbn I tan (hides)

urrama dead quiet

mirey.ewe Saving, economy .u ]
save

wmrenn I harm

wirnK bayonet

uiruma I tune

wirume I pinch

wiThinjaHen (-aHn) native of
Iivin (town, SE Mac.)

mrnunne T pinch

wrup barren :akBuwa barren
woman

murutr shield

mrnya plank

miro (2.601) what, that, which,
who; why? (= soumrro); for,
for the reason that (= 3a Toa
- ITO)

WITO-roye, ITO OuO, UITO Wa e
(2.70) whatever; nonsense

WiTOM aS SOON as, inasmuch as,
since

WITO 110- (comparative) as...as

InymuirejKu

ckly as possible, WTe noceunHo

we eee A WY AAV FiVASE

as strongly as possible)

mITOTyKy aS soon as, scarcely

wirpaB — wWpad screw

uITpO snaggle-toothed cee =.
loose teeth, become snaggle-
toothed

wirpek, Ha wWITpeK on the alert,
ready to go (military)

wirpekHaT startled

urrpekue T startle

WITpK stork

witpK.a I .He T sprinkle

Wirpocmajep J. J. Strossmayer
(Croatian bishop, 1815—1903,
one of founders of Yugoslav
Academy)

miryKHe T yMOT MM WitTykHa =
I am beside myself, out of
my mind

urytKa I be shy, hesitate,
vacillate

utyGapa sheepskin hat

miyKHe T swish, slip

ulymka grove, little forest;
cornstalks (for cattle fodder)

uiym sound {of wind in trees,
of river) :ae T rustle, sound

urynesmKa flute

ulynume porous, hollow, weak

llypa m. (urypeBn) wife’s
brother

uiyt homeless: stupid :we T
reject, throw eis

wym.Ka I we T rustle

myuirejku rustling, swishing

“

Horace G. Lunt

A GRAMMAR OF THE MACEDONIAN
LITERARY LANGUAGE

Hanapay
Upxasyo K+nrouspaTeactsBo
ua HP Maxejounja

Kuurata e oTueyatena Bo 2000 npamepou
BO HeYyaTuattara , lyrouramna* — Bearpan

KapTata e HaupTava mu oTneyaTena
of ,leoxapta* — Bearpag

TleyatewetTo e BpuleHO BO Mecer,
aprycT 1952 ronuua

NARODNA REPUBLIKA MAKEDONIJA

eel
b
oe
éValoviste @ |”
>
(} te Hoy,
wary
4
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— /

>
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ee im

L

a AOOTAE \ se ea ae toes lzrebotka | reprodukcijayGeokart® Beograd 1952

80.000 do 100.000 4 © ~— Megsts pad 6.000 - 0 o » 30 Km